Hardcoded vulnerability detection approach for IoT device firmware by Chao MU, Xin WANG, Ming YANG, Heng ZHANG, Zhenya CHEN, Xiaoming WU

“…With the popularization of IoT devices, more and more valuable data is generated.Analyzing and mining big data based on IoT devices has become a hot topic in the academic and industrial circles in recent years.However, due to the lack of necessary detection and protection methods, many IoT devices have serious information security risks.In particular, device hard-coded information is closely related to system encryption and decryption, identity authentication and other functions, which can provide confidentiality protection for core data.Once this information is exploited by malicious attackers, serious consequences such as sensitive information leakage, backdoor attacks, and unauthorized logins will occur.In response to this problem, a multi-type character recognition and positioning scheme was designed and a hard-coded vulnerability detection method in executable files was proposed based on the study of the characteristics of hard-coded vulnerabilities in IoT devices.The proposed method extracted the firmware of IoT devices and filtered all executable files as the source to be analyzed.Then, a solution to identify and locate three types of hard-coded characters was provided.Further, the reachability of the function, where the hard-coded character was located, was analyzed according to the function call relationship.Meanwhile, the instruction heterogeneity was mitigated by an intermediate representation (IR) model.The character and parameter hard-coded values was obtained through a data flow analysis approach.A symbolic execution method was devised to determine the trigger conditions of the hard-coded vulnerabilities, and then the vulnerability detection result was output.On the one hand, the proposed method introduced the method of symbolic execution based on the use of the intermediate representation model, which eliminated the dependency of instruction architecture and reduces the false positive rate of vulnerabilities; On the other hand, this method can integrate characters, files, and cryptographic implementation to realize the different characteristics of three types of hard-coded characters, which increased the coverage of vulnerability detection and improves the versatility of the detection method.The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect three types of hard-coded vulnerabilities of characters, files and cryptographic implementation in various IoT devices, and has good detection accuracy, which can provide certain guidance for the deployment of subsequent security protection technologies.…”
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Merging Surface Plasmon Optical Detection with Electronic Sensing by Wolfgang Knoll

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Syntactic Object Representation of Amharic Sentences by Function by Berhanu Asaye Agajie

“…Relevant data were also collected as of secondary sources. All the way through purposive sampling, 25 sentences were selected for descriptive analysis. …”
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Sustainable Materials Enabled Terahertz Functional Devices by Baoning Wang, Haolan Wang, Ying Bao, Waqas Ahmad, Wenhui Geng, Yibin Ying, Wendao Xu

“…Highlights Sources and types of sustainable materials and their advantages in fabricating high performance terahertz (THz) functional devices are systematically reviewed. …”
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Functional Shift Between Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs by Hürriyet Gökdayı, Çiğdem Kalegeri

“…This study focuses on words in Türkiye Turkish that can function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, selected based on frequency, to demonstrate these transitions. …”
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Development of recipes for combined products with functional properties by O. A. Ogneva, N. S. Bezverkhaya

“…In accordance with the normative and technical documentation for functional food products the developed products can be classified as functional ones in terms of the content of the following functional sources: pectin, organic acids, minerals, and vitamins.…”
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Minerals function as signals to modulate microbial adaptation by Jianchao Zhang, Beibei Wang, Sumin Qu, Xiangyu Zhu, Yuebo Wang, Hui Henry Teng

“…These findings underscore the intricate interplay between minerals and microbes, challenging the conventional notion that minerals function solely as material sources for organism growth.…”
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Image Processing for Laser Impact Detection in Shooting Simulators by José Antonio García Torres, Daniel Guzmán Pérez, Jhon Fredy Rincón Morantes, Daniel Felipe Molina Martínez, Cristian Camilo García Rodríguez, Jhonnatan Eduardo Zamudio Palacios

“…The methodology was structured in four phases: (1) system requirements analysis, (2) hardware and software development, (3) system integration with a real firearm, and (4) functional testing in both controlled and open environments. …”
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Characteristics, Distribution, and Source Analysis of the Main Persistent Toxic Substances in Karst Groundwater at Jinan in North China by Hao Shang, Xiaofan Qi, Mengnan Zhang, Hu Li, Gang Li, Lizhi Yang

“…Karst water in northern China is an important water source for economic and social development in its distribution area and water source for ecological function guarantee. …”
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Distributed Decision Making for Electromagnetic Radiation Source Localization Using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning by Jiteng Chen, Zehui Zhang, Dan Fan, Chaoqun Hou, Yue Zhang, Teng Hou, Xiangni Zou, Jun Zhao

“…The detection and localization of radiation sources in urban areas present significant challenges in electromagnetic spectrum operations, particularly with the proliferation of small UAVs. …”
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High-Quality and Enhanced-Resolution Single-Pixel Imaging Based on Spiral Line Array Laser Source by Guozhong Lei, Haolong Jia, Wenchang Lai, Wenhui Wang, Wenda Cui, Yan Wang, Hao Liu, Kai Han

“…We propose a spiral line array laser source which can generate random illumination light fields without periodicity in the normalized second-order correlation function <italic>g</italic>⁽²⁾. …”
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Estimation of carbon sequestration capacity of urban green infrastructure by fusing multi-source remote sensing data by Jiahui Chang, Zhenfeng Shao, Jinyang Wang, Zhu Mao, Tao Cheng, Xiaodi Xu, Qingwei Zhuang

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Topology Optimization of the Network with Renewable Energy Sources Generation Based on a Modified Adapted Genetic Algorithm by A. M. Bramm, A. I. Khalyasmaa, S. A. Eroshenko, P. V. Matrenin, N. A. Papkova, D. A. Sekatski

“…The proposed genetic algorithm used two different functions of interbreeding, the function of mutation, selection of the best individuals and mass mutation (complete population renewal). …”
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The Impact of Servant Leadership on Employee Career Success in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries by Jean Claude Kanyabwira, Portia Bilankulu

“…We tested our model using a sample of 610 leaders across 18 industries and 21 job functions who participated in a leadership development program in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. …”
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Business awareness in the management of a modern organisation regarding the usage of selected information technologies by Filip Rembisz, Piotr Zaskórski

“…Implications for theory and practice The article presents not only aspects related to the functioning of a modern organization but also the possibilities of using selected IT solutions in this aspect. …”
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Signatures of positive selection for local adaptation of African native cattle populations: A review by Wondossen AYALEW, Xiao-yun WU, Getinet Mekuriaw TAREKEGN, Min CHU, Chun-nian LIANG, Tesfaye SISAY TESSEMA, Ping YAN

“…It has played a crucial role in providing valuable protein for billions of households and sources of income and employment for producers and other actors in the livestock value chains. …”
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An AI-Based Open-Source Software for <i>Varroa</i> Mite Fall Analysis in Honeybee Colonies by Jesús Yániz, Matías Casalongue, Francisco Javier Martinez-de-Pison, Miguel Angel Silvestre, Beeguards Consortium, Pilar Santolaria, Jose Divasón

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Noise Directivity Reconstruction Radiated from Unmanned Underwater Vehicle’s Propeller Using the Equivalent Source Method by Shuai Jiang, Liwen Tan, Ruichong Gu, Zilong Peng

“…In this paper, a method for selecting elementary source configurations was proposed, considering the correlation coefficients that exhibit a strong correlation with the directivity function. …”
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Environmental Risk Assessment of Wuhan Qingshan Industrial Park Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion and FAHP by Yang Yangyi

“…The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is employed to assign weights through expert judgment, and fuzzy membership functions are used to determine risk levels across selected sub-regions. …”
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Spectral Design Method to Simulate Tunable Spectra of Various Light Sources Based on Multi-Channel LEDs by Zijian Tao, Xiaojie Zhao, Shanshan Li, Qi Dai

“…It begins by determining the desired wavelength range according to an eye-sensitivity threshold based on the V(&#x03BB;) function. Subsequently, a strategy for LED component selection is introduced. …”
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