Hard-coded backdoor detection method based on semantic conflict by Anxiang HU, Da XIAO, Shichen GUO, Shengli LIU

“…The current router security issues focus on the mining and utilization of memory-type vulnerabilities, but there is low interest in detecting backdoors.Hard-coded backdoor is one of the most common backdoors, which is simple and convenient to set up and can be implemented with only a small amount of code.However, it is difficult to be discovered and often causes serious safety hazard and economic loss.The triggering process of hard-coded backdoor is inseparable from string comparison functions.Therefore, the detection of hard-coded backdoors relies on string comparison functions, which are mainly divided into static analysis method and symbolic execution method.The former has a high degree of automation, but has a high false positive rate and poor detection results.The latter has a high accuracy rate, but cannot automate large-scale detection of firmware, and faces the problem of path explosion or even unable to constrain solution.Aiming at the above problems, a hard-coded backdoor detection algorithm based on string text semantic conflict (Stect) was proposed since static analysis and the think of stain analysis.Stect started from the commonly used string comparison functions, combined with the characteristics of MIPS and ARM architectures, and extracted a set of paths with the same start and end nodes using function call relationships, control flow graphs, and branching selection dependent strings.If the strings in the successfully verified set of paths have semantic conflict, it means that there is a hard-coded backdoor in the router firmware.In order to evaluate the detection effect of Stect, 1 074 collected device images were tested and compared with other backdoor detection methods.Experimental results show that Stect has a better detection effect compared with existing backdoor detection methods including Costin and Stringer: 8 hard-coded backdoor images detected from image data set, and the recall rate reached 88.89%.…”
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A Framework for sizing, designing, and testing of Electrical Power System for nanosatellites: A case study of a 3U university Cubesat by Youssef El Hachimi, Amina Daghouri, Hassane Mahmoudi, Abdelaali Ouhammam, Soumia El Hani

“…Because a CubeSat’s Electrical Power System (EPS) must endure the hostile space environment, which includes radiation, temperature fluctuations, and electrostatic discharge, its dependability is essential to the mission’s success. Based on real-world mission experience, this study presents the first organized paradigm that addresses the whole CubeSat EPS development lifecycle, including sizing, design, integration, and qualification. …”
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Copper-catalyzed sulfonylation of alkenes with CH3SSO3Na by Xiaoli Chen, Ge Wu

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Treatment Regimens with Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Results from the PACIFIC Study Author List by Lorenz K, Haritoglou C, Barthelmes D, Sefat AMM, Berk H, Beeke E, Scheffler M, Iwersen M, Müller B, Ziemssen F

“…Despite its benefits, an unconscious shift to a observe-and-extend or “monitor-and-extend” approach occurred early in treatment, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to optimize patient outcomes in clinical practice.Keywords: anti-VEGF, visual acuity, treatment regimen, functional outcome, real-world results…”
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Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Traditional Soil Dwelling Renovation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process—Quality Function Deployment—Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm... by Weiqin Gou, Halike Saierjiang, Jingsu Shang, Mei Yang, Tianyi Zhang

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Facile Formation of Multifunctional Biomimetic Hydrogel Fibers for Sensing Applications by Mengwei Jia, Mingle Guan, Ryan Yao, Yuan Qing, Xiaoya Hou, Jie Zhang

“…To face the challenges in preparing hydrogel fibers with complex structures and functions, this study utilized a microfluidic coaxial co-extrusion technique to successfully form functional hydrogel fibers through rapid ionic crosslinking. …”
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Athletes’ Sensory Evaluation and Willingness to Pay for High-Protein Bread by Roberta Selvaggi, Matilde Reitano, Elena Arena, Antonia Grasso, Biagio Pecorino, Gioacchino Pappalardo

“…These findings suggest that developing functional foods for athletes should integrate nutritional benefits and sensory appeal, as both elements contribute to acceptance and potential market success.…”
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The Impact of Chitinase Binding Domain Truncation on the Properties of <i>Ca</i>Chi18B from <i>Chitinilyticum aquatile</i> CSC-1 by Chenxi Gu, Jianrong Chen, Xinyue Huang, Yongqiang Jiang, Na Ou, Dengfeng Yang, Mingguo Jiang, Lixia Pan

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Finite‐temperature properties of NbO2 from a deep‐learning interatomic potential by Xinhang Li, Yongqiang Wang, Tianyu Jiao, Zhaoxin Liu, Chuanle Yang, Ri He, Liang Si

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Low content of modified-SCF in waterborne epoxy: mechanical properties and interfacial microstructure by Afagh Panahi Moghadam, Kourosh Shirvani

“…Herein, to improve the interfacial behavior between SCF and WEP, 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy Silane (GPMS) was applied to SCF. To extend the successful surface modification, waste CFs was utilized to produce SCFs and subsequently treated with low amount of GPMS (0.1 g). …”
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Ethernet Passive Mutual Authentication Scheme on Quantum Networks by Jianuo Tian, Panke Qin, Zongqu Zhao, Baodong Qin

“…By involving ONUs, OLTs, and an SDN controller in the authentication process, it enables mutual authentication through a series of message exchanges facilitated by the SDN controller. Utilizing approximate smooth projection hash functions for secure key exchange and verification, the scheme ensures robust security performance against various attacks, including man-in-the-middle, impersonation, replay, and known key secrecy attacks. …”
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Decision support model for evaluating circular economy strategies in private residential construction by Hsin-Yi Kung, Yi-Kai Juan, Daniel Castro-Lacouture

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Positively-charged graphene mediate the crystal growth and microstructure to achieve ultrahigh mechanical properties of electrodeposited copper foils by Peng Xu, Weiwei Lu, Qianqian Zhu, Hao Hu, Haitao Liu, Binfeng Fan, Qingfu Wang, Xiangkui Yang, Kexing Song

“…In this study, we present a novel strategy that utilizes ionic liquid (IL) as a functionalizing agent to stabilize Gr for enhancing its reinforcement capabilities. …”
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Clinicoradiological Outcome of Variable Angle Volar Locking Plate in the Management of Distal Radius Fractures by PP Bhagat Singh, E Pradeep, J Daniel Jey Janeson, KV Arun Kumar, Mohideen Sheik, Pragadeeshwaran Gopi

“…The mean MMWS score at the end of 1 year was 91 ± 6.61. Conclusion: The utilization of variable-angle locking plates has been associated with excellent to good functional outcomes with very few complications.…”
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Development and Use of Biotechnological System Models in Applied Scientific Research by M. A. Kerimov

“…(Results and discussion) The utilization of adaptive control principles ensures a high probability of successfully attaining the ultimate objectives. …”
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Preparation of high purity thermoexfoliated graphite by electrochemical method by Yu. V. Hrebelna, M. I. Terets, E. M. Demianenko, A. G. Grebenyuk, N. V. Siharova, S. V. Zhuravskyi, O. M. Ignatenko, O. A. Cherniuk, Yu. I. Sementsov, M. T. Kartel

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Synthesis of novel hexahydroquinolines and evaluation of their antibacterial effects on bacteria inducing skin wound infections, accompanied by quantum mechanical calculations by Fateme Khojaste, Nahid Shajari, Parvin Eskandari, Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Hooriye Yahyaei

“…In this way, the antibacterial properties of the desired compounds were successfully investigated and confirmed.Density Functional Theory (DFT) was utilized to perform quantum theoretical calculations for six structures of hexahydroquinoline derivatives. …”
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A novel sodium Iron silicate composite with chitosan for efficient removal of Cd(II) ions from water by Mohamed S. Kamel, Ehab A. Abdelrahman, Zinab M. Anwar, Samir M. El Rayes, Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Raed M. Hegazey, Hanan Alhussain

“…The reduction in pore diameter, pore volume, and surface area confirms the successful functionalization of S1 with chitosan, as the chitosan coating partially blocks and fills the pores, reducing the available surface area and porosity. …”
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Artificial Optimizer Algorithm for Power System Stabilizer design problem and multidisciplinary engineering applications by Narinder Singh, Mandeep Kaur, Essam H. Houssein

“…In the direction of evaluating the VROA, we utilized it on 51 CEC'17, CEC'20, and CEC'22 standard benchmark suites and six multidisciplinary engineering optimization functions. …”
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Minimally Invasive Versus Open Spinal Fusion Surgery for Spondylolisthesis Treatment by Shahzad Waqas Munazzam, Vikramaditya Rai, Qazi Adam Asfandyar, Shandana Khan, Cara Mohammed

“…Background: In recent years, there has been a growing utilization of minimally invasive (MI) techniques, which provide the potential advantages of minimizing surgical stress, post-operative pain, and hospitalization duration. …”
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