Synchronized stepwise control of firing and learning thresholds in a spiking randomly connected neural network toward hardware implementation by Kumiko Nomura, Yoshifumi Nishi

“…Therefore, we propose hardware-oriented models of these functions. To implement the function of IP, a variable firing threshold is introduced to each excitatory neuron in the RNN that changes stepwise in accordance with its activity. …”
Get full text

Cost-Effective Photoacoustic Imaging Using High-Power Light-Emitting Diodes Driven by an Avalanche Oscillator by Alberto Prud’homme, Frederic Nabki

“…The system incorporates an LED array, an ultrasonic transducer, and an amplifier for signal detection. Key findings include the successful generation of short light pulses with sufficient intensity to excite materials and the system’s capability to produce detectable photoacoustic signals in both air and water environments. …”
Get full text

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning in Complex Dynamic Environments Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning by Jiandong Liu, Wei Luo, Guoqing Zhang, Ruihao Li

“…These tests highlight fast learning convergence and real-time obstacle detection and avoidance, ensuring successful achievement of the target.…”
Get full text

Current status of developments in the field of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines by Tatiana S. Kotomina

“…This was facilitated by research to identify the structure of RSV, to study the basic functions of RSV components as well as the mechanisms of innate and acquired immune responses to infection. …”
Get full text

Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings: A Review on Applications and Innovations by Panagiotis Michailidis, Iakovos Michailidis, Elias Kosmatopoulos

“…For evaluation, the paper examines and outlines the different attributes in the field considering the following: methodologies of RL; agent types; value-action networks; reward functions; baseline control approaches; RES types; BEMS types; and building typologies. …”
Get full text

Lightweight deep learning system for automated bone age assessment in Chinese children: enhancing clinical efficiency and diagnostic accuracy by Pang Hai, Zhang Bin, Liu Kesheng, Li Cong, Xu Fei

“…In the first stage, the YOLOv8 algorithm precisely localizes 13 key epiphyses in hand radiographs, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 99.5% at Intersection over Union (IoU) = 0.5 and 94.0% within IoU 0.5–0.95, demonstrating robust detection performance. The second stage employs a modified EfficientNetB3 architecture for fine-grained epiphyseal grade classification, enhanced by the Rectified Adam (RAdam) optimizer and a composite loss function combining center loss and weighted cross-entropy to mitigate class imbalance. …”
Get full text

Application of intraoperative neuromonitoring of superior laryngeal nerve in modified Miccoli surgery by YAO Yizhen, LI Xueqing, LI Yujin, ZHU Haoran, TANG Chenghui

“…Observational indicators included surgical-related indicators, and postoperative complications. The success rate of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) exploration and Cernea classification were recorded intraoperatively. …”
Get full text

The genetic association of the transcription factor NPAT with glycemic response to metformin involves regulation of fuel selection. by Changwei Chen, Jennifer R Gallagher, Jamie Tarlton, Lidy van Aalten, Susan E Bray, Michael L J Ashford, Rory J McCrimmon, Ewan R Pearson, Alison D McNeilly, Calum Sutherland

“…GWAS identified SNPs associated with metformin treatment success at a locus containing the NPAT (nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia locus) and ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) genes. …”
Get full text

Real-time monitoring of tea volatiles using soft ionization by chemical reaction in transfer with an online sampling interface by Tiange Gu, Jingyi Sun, Saiting Wang, Xiaokun Duan, Hongli Li, Charles Liu, David Da Yong Chen

Get full text

Greenhouse gas emissions of global construction material production by Seth Kane, Josefine A Olsson, Sabbie A Miller

“…Both construction material production and emissions are primarily driven by structural materials, such as concrete and steel. Material selection can play a key role in reducing emissions in the context of the function, with variation in emissions of structural materials per unit strength between 0.001–0.1 kg CO _2 /kg/MPa and in insulation materials per R -value/thickness of 0.018–0.14 kg CO _2 /kg/(K⋅m ^2 W ^−1 ))). …”
Get full text

Combining dopamine and glucose sensings on paper devices for the metabolic study of neurosecretion by Rémi F. Dutheil, Dabeaurard Tho, Iman Pitroipa, Raphaël Trouillon

“…Glucose, the main source of energy of the human body, and dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, are two analytes widely investigated in the study of the brain. …”
Get full text

Prediction of the pharmaceutical solubility in water and organic solvents via different soft computing models by A. Yousefi, k. movagharnejad

“…Molecular weight, melting point, temperature and the number of each functional group in the pharmaceutical compound and organic solvents were selected as the input variables of these three different neural network models. …”
Get full text

Efficacy and safety of musculoskeletal manipulations in elderly population with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review by Alessandro Mauro, Donatella Bagagiolo, Michela Persiani, Luca Cicchitti, Luca Vismara, Irene Bruini, Francesca Buffone

“…Introduction Non-pharmacological interventions, including musculoskeletal manipulations (MMs), have been proven effective for musculoskeletal disorders.Objectives To evaluate if MMs, including osteopathic manipulation and chiropractic care, are effective to improve quality of life, pain intensity and function in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders.Design Systematic review.Data sources A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, from database inception up to 2 January 2025.Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials, controlled non-randomised trials and open label trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of MM such as osteopathic manipulation, chiropractic manipulation, myofascial release, craniosacral therapy, as monotherapy or adjunctive therapies in older people (age ≥65 years) with musculoskeletal disorders. …”
Get full text

Fat globule size distribution in commercial ice cream determined through ideal application of the laser diffraction technique by Rafael A. Garcia, Faith Olszewski, Benjamin M. Plumier

Get full text

A survey on the applications of transfer learning to enhance the performance of large language models in healthcare systems by Anmol Rahujo, Daniya Atif, Syed Azeem Inam, Abdullah Ayub Khan, Sajid Ullah

“…This research analyzes different transfer learning methods, including inductive, transductive, and unsupervised techniques, while demonstrating their effectiveness in detecting COVID-19 from chest X-rays and multi-source disease evaluation. …”
Get full text

Kajian Farmakoinformatika Senyawa Alkaloid Anggur Laut (Caulerpa racemose) Sebagai Inhibitor Collagenase Dalam Mekanisme Antiaging by Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari, M.Eko Pranoto, Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah

“…Sea grapes also well known as functional food source from marine, contains high protein, fibers and secondari metabolites. …”
Get full text

Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: an overview of systematic reviews by Daisuke Sasaki, Takashi Kitagawa, Yuichi Isaji, Kunihiro Onishi, Masateru Hayashi, Wataru Okuyama

“…Objective This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of exercise therapy in knee osteoarthritis and summarise their reported effectiveness on quality of life, knee joint function, or adverse events.Design Overview of systematic reviews.Data sources PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and CENTRAL (searched on 14 April 2025), plus grey literature (PROSPERO, Epistemonikos, OpenGrey).Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials in patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis by imaging or clinical criteria and treated conservatively with exercise therapy; we excluded reviews that enrolled patients scheduled for surgery, with acute inflammation or osteoarthritis of other joints (hand, hip, ankle), for which relevant author data could not be obtained after one contact attempt, or that did not report at least one primary outcome (quality of life, knee joint function or adverse events).Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, interventions and outcomes, and assessed methodological quality using the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2) tool. …”
Get full text

Bridging Behavioural, Neural, and First-Person Insights into Working Memory Strategies by Anka Slana Ozimič, Nina Purg Suljič, Aleš Oblak, Jurij Bon, Toma Strle, Grega Repovš

“… Working memory is a core cognitive function, yet findings regarding its behavioural and neural underpinnings are often inconsistent. …”
Get full text

Theoretical Model of Possibility of 15-minute City in Urban Planning Using the Meta-Synthesis Method by Hafez Mahdnejad

“…About 81% of the sources are related to the years 2022 and 2021. 16% of the selected sources are related to the years 2020 and 2019. …”
Get full text

Why the term "professional language" can confuse the reader? by Les?aw Cirko

“…In the first part of the article, the aforementioned sources of interpretative dangers in reading are pointed out, using the history of research as an example. …”
Get full text