Hardcoded vulnerability detection approach for IoT device firmware by Chao MU, Xin WANG, Ming YANG, Heng ZHANG, Zhenya CHEN, Xiaoming WU

“…With the popularization of IoT devices, more and more valuable data is generated.Analyzing and mining big data based on IoT devices has become a hot topic in the academic and industrial circles in recent years.However, due to the lack of necessary detection and protection methods, many IoT devices have serious information security risks.In particular, device hard-coded information is closely related to system encryption and decryption, identity authentication and other functions, which can provide confidentiality protection for core data.Once this information is exploited by malicious attackers, serious consequences such as sensitive information leakage, backdoor attacks, and unauthorized logins will occur.In response to this problem, a multi-type character recognition and positioning scheme was designed and a hard-coded vulnerability detection method in executable files was proposed based on the study of the characteristics of hard-coded vulnerabilities in IoT devices.The proposed method extracted the firmware of IoT devices and filtered all executable files as the source to be analyzed.Then, a solution to identify and locate three types of hard-coded characters was provided.Further, the reachability of the function, where the hard-coded character was located, was analyzed according to the function call relationship.Meanwhile, the instruction heterogeneity was mitigated by an intermediate representation (IR) model.The character and parameter hard-coded values was obtained through a data flow analysis approach.A symbolic execution method was devised to determine the trigger conditions of the hard-coded vulnerabilities, and then the vulnerability detection result was output.On the one hand, the proposed method introduced the method of symbolic execution based on the use of the intermediate representation model, which eliminated the dependency of instruction architecture and reduces the false positive rate of vulnerabilities; On the other hand, this method can integrate characters, files, and cryptographic implementation to realize the different characteristics of three types of hard-coded characters, which increased the coverage of vulnerability detection and improves the versatility of the detection method.The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect three types of hard-coded vulnerabilities of characters, files and cryptographic implementation in various IoT devices, and has good detection accuracy, which can provide certain guidance for the deployment of subsequent security protection technologies.…”
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Actualization of color lexicon functions in economic discourse by T. V. Andryukhina

“…The material of the study comprises examples of color lexicon use selected from modern English-language media texts and materials of Internet resources with economic content. …”
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Noise Directivity Reconstruction Radiated from Unmanned Underwater Vehicle’s Propeller Using the Equivalent Source Method by Shuai Jiang, Liwen Tan, Ruichong Gu, Zilong Peng

“…In this paper, a method for selecting elementary source configurations was proposed, considering the correlation coefficients that exhibit a strong correlation with the directivity function. …”
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Bias‐Independent True Random Number Generator Circuit using Memristor Noise Signals as Entropy Source by Jinwoo Park, Hyunjoong Kim, Hyungjin Kim

“…Finally, the performance of the designed TRNG circuit is evaluated using autocorrelation functions and National Institute of Standards and Technology tests, confirming its capability to produce random number bitstreams.…”
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Nitrogen and CO2 enrichment interact to decrease biodiversity impact on complementarity and selection effects by Mengjiao Huang, Peter B. Reich, Shaopeng Wang, Yanhao Feng, Pubin Hong, Kathryn E. Barry, Miao He, Shengman Lyu, Shurong Zhou, Neha Mohanbabu, Forest Isbell, Yann Hautier

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Forecasting dengue in Bangladesh using meteorological variables with a novel feature selection approach by Mahadee Al Mobin

“…A novel wrapper feature selection algorithm employing a custom objective function is proposed in this study, which significantly improves model accuracy by 12.63% and reduces the mean absolute percentage error by 70.82%. …”
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Near extinction of the HBV quasispecies driven by the hard selective sweep in chronic hepatitis B by Daiqiang Lu, Andong He, Guichan Liao, Renyu Zhou, Zichun Cheng, Ka Cheuk Yip, Xiufang Wang, Wei Cao, Jiaojiao Peng, Ruiman Li, Jie Peng, Feng Gao

“…The nearly identical viral population suggests that all these viruses are from a single source. Predominant mutations were identified in known T cell epitopes but not in epitopes for neutralizing antibodies, indicating that the hard selective sweep is most likely driven by T cell selection pressure. …”
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Spectral Design Method to Simulate Tunable Spectra of Various Light Sources Based on Multi-Channel LEDs by Zijian Tao, Xiaojie Zhao, Shanshan Li, Qi Dai

“…It begins by determining the desired wavelength range according to an eye-sensitivity threshold based on the V(λ) function. Subsequently, a strategy for LED component selection is introduced. …”
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The Impact of Servant Leadership on Employee Career Success in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries by Jean Claude Kanyabwira, Portia Bilankulu

“…We tested our model using a sample of 610 leaders across 18 industries and 21 job functions who participated in a leadership development program in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. …”
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Evaluating habitat selection of François’ langur in the karst mountains of China: Implications for conservation strategies by Jialiang Han, Xing Fan, Guy Michael Williams, Qixian Zou, Bingnan Dong

“…Using species presence data and environmental variables, we analyzed habitat selection through a resource selection function (RSF). …”
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Topology Optimization of the Network with Renewable Energy Sources Generation Based on a Modified Adapted Genetic Algorithm by A. M. Bramm, A. I. Khalyasmaa, S. A. Eroshenko, P. V. Matrenin, N. A. Papkova, D. A. Sekatski

“…The proposed genetic algorithm used two different functions of interbreeding, the function of mutation, selection of the best individuals and mass mutation (complete population renewal). …”
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RDSM: Underwater multi-AUV relay deployment and selection mechanism in 3D space by Yafei Liu, Na Liu, Hao Li, Yi Jiang, Junwu zhu

“…Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are widely used in naval military field and marine resource exploration. However, challenges such as resource inefficiency and unbalanced energy consumption severely hinder their practical applications. …”
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Signatures of positive selection for local adaptation of African native cattle populations: A review by Wondossen AYALEW, Xiao-yun WU, Getinet Mekuriaw TAREKEGN, Min CHU, Chun-nian LIANG, Tesfaye SISAY TESSEMA, Ping YAN

“…Although there are no functional genomics studies, recent advancements in genotyping and sequencing technologies have identified and annotated limited functional genes and causal variants associated with unique adaptive and economical traits of African cattle populations. …”
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Exploration of crop germplasm resources knowledge mining in Chinese ancient books: a route toward sustainable agriculture by Wenjuan Zhao, Suoling Zhu, Yuan Cao

“…It is found that the descriptive texts on rice in Chinese ancient local chronicles not only contain the knowledge about the morphological characteristics of rice germplasm resources gained by field observation, but also involve the experience about the inherent attributes summarized by hands-on practice, such as the function, quality, phenology, customs, etc. …”
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Genomic signal selection analysis reveals genes related to the lambing trait of Hotan sheep by XinKun Wang, Wei Li, QiaoYan Huang, HuiPing Sun, LeXiao Zhu, RuoHuai Gu, Feng Xing

“…We identified 290 selected regions and 332 genes across the Hotan sheep genome by using two widely adopted selective scanning detection methods (FST statistics and Piratio). …”
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Functional Shift Between Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs by Hürriyet Gökdayı, Çiğdem Kalegeri

“…This study focuses on words in Türkiye Turkish that can function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, selected based on frequency, to demonstrate these transitions. …”
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Merging Surface Plasmon Optical Detection with Electronic Sensing by Wolfgang Knoll

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Syntactic Object Representation of Amharic Sentences by Function by Berhanu Asaye Agajie

“…Relevant data were also collected as of secondary sources. All the way through purposive sampling, 25 sentences were selected for descriptive analysis. …”
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Advanced Nanoscale Functionalities for Water and Energy Technologies by Zhi Xu, Nan Wu, Soufiane Abdelghani‐Idrissi, Corentin Trégouët, Javier Perez‐Carvajal, Annie Colin, Ming Ma, Antoine Niguès, Alessandro Siria

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Minerals function as signals to modulate microbial adaptation by Jianchao Zhang, Beibei Wang, Sumin Qu, Xiangyu Zhu, Yuebo Wang, Hui Henry Teng

“…These findings underscore the intricate interplay between minerals and microbes, challenging the conventional notion that minerals function solely as material sources for organism growth.…”
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