Year-long Concurrent MAX-DOAS Observations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Formaldehyde at Pune: Understanding Diurnal and Seasonal Variation Drivers by Mriganka Sekhar Biswas, Anoop S. Mahajan

“…Both NO2 and HCHO show the highest average concentrations during the winter (October, November, December, January and February—ONDJF), with mean mixing ratios of 2.0 ± 1.4 ppb and 3.0 ± 1.4 ppb, respectively. …”
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Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds in Soil from Deir Kanoun Ras El Ain Dump, Lebanon by Jamilah Borjac, Manal El Joumaa, Lobna Youssef, Rawan Kawach, Diane A. Blake

“…The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some toxic heavy metals and organic compounds in different soil samples collected from the dump and along the canal during winter and summer seasons. Six research sites (four from the dump and two along the canal) were selected, and the soil samples for analysis were collected from a depth of around 10 cm. …”
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Modeling Equatorial to Mid‐Latitudinal Global Night Time Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Using Machine Learning by Ephrem Beshir Seba, Giovanni Lapenta

“…Our findings indicate that non‐equinox months exhibit the highest equatorial PI magnitude over the American‐African longitudinal sector, contrary to the expected higher Rayleigh‐Taylor instability growth rate during equinox months. Winter months display the most intense and widespread vertically and horizontally distributed equatorial PI patterns. …”
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Characterization of the third molars eruption in the Oral Planet dental office. Ecuador, 2022 by Emely Maily Pluas Castro, Jaime Fernando Armijos Armijos Moreta, Silvia Marisol Gavilánez Villamarín

“…The studied variables were: age, sex, number of third molars, classification according to Winter Pell and Gregory, presented illness, number of extractions performed and types of radiographs used.…”
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Intensified Drought Threatens Future Food Security in Major Food-Producing Countries by Zihao Liu, Aifeng Lv, Taohui Li

“…Based on historical data, this study examines the yield response characteristics of key crops—maize, rice, soybean, spring wheat, and winter wheat—under drought conditions during their growth cycles, highlighting variations in drought sensitivity among major food-producing countries. …”
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Preferential Water Infiltration Path in a Slow-Moving Clayey Earthslide Evidenced by Cross-Correlation of Hydrometeorological Time Series (Charlaix Landslide, French Western Alps) by Grégory Bièvre, Agnès Joseph, Catherine Bertrand

“…On the contrary, the water table located above the shear surface has a very contrasting behaviour between summer (mainly drainage) and winter (behaviour similar to the phreatic water table with storage of water during a few weeks). …”
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Study on Synthesis and Service Properties of Anticoagulant Ice Microcapsule Coating Material by Rong Chang, Jie Wang, Yongchun Qin, Jian Xu, Wei Zeng, Yange Zhang, Peng Wang

“…The presence of ice and snow on a road surface in winter will reduce the traffic capacity of the road network, which can easily lead to traffic accidents. …”
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Changes and factors of thermal discharge from 2013 to 2023: A case study of the Tianwan nuclear power plant by Xiangle Jiang, Wenjin Zhu, Yang Zhang, Qing Xu, Xiaotian Dong

“…Results showed: (1) The SST retrieval algorithm we modified had high accuracy and applicability; (2) Between 2013 and 2023, the increase in nuclear units had intensified thermal discharge, expanding the affected marine areas; (3) The thermal discharge in spring and summer had a more pronounced impact on the temperature rise areas; (4) Tidal dynamics and seasonal variations, especially spring tides, significantly influenced thermal discharge and mixing; (5) Tidal currents improved vertical mixing, with spring tides weakening stratification and raising bottom temperatures; (6) Planktonic microorganism diversity peaked in spring, autumn, and winter, while summer discharge reduced abundance. …”
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Dynamics of CO2 fluxes and environmental responses in a Poplar plantation by Mengyu Ge, Mengyu Ge, Weifeng Wang, Honghua Ruan, Guobing Wang, Shuang Zhang, Shuiqiang Yu

“…Southeast wind was the prevailing wind direction in summer and winter, while southwest and northeast wind were the dominant wind direction in spring and autumn, respectively. …”
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The implication of leaf anatomical structure for the selective breeding of lilacs by L. M. Pshennikova

“…The cultivars of the common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) grown in the south of the Russian Far East are not always winter-hardy and are often damaged by fungal diseases due to a very humid climate. …”
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CHANGES IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE DEPENDING ON THE RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION MATERIAL by M. N. Guseva, М. A. Shevchenko, D. S. Bolshakov, M. I. Doronin, D. V. Mikhalishin, A. A. Shishkova, V. V. Mikhalishin

“…The peak, as a rule, was during summer months when their amount increased by 1.2–2.3 times and during autumn and winter it went down by 1.2–1.4 times (the difference is considerable, р < 0,05). …”
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Assessment of Energy Potential and Benefit under the Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in Anqing Area of Eastern China by Qing Zhang, Yunfeng Li, Jian Hua, Xiaonan Niu, Lili Hou, Zongfang Chen, Weiya Ge

“…According to the simulation test data of 5 working conditions of 4 geothermal exploration holes in the study area, we can clearly know that the energy cost per square meter of the ground source heat pump is 11.8 yuan for a building of one hundred thousand square meters in which the heat removal power is expected to be 9481 kW in summer and 3070 kW in winter. And the annual emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, suspended dust, and other air pollutants to the atmosphere can be reduced by 1442.5 t, and the solid waste ash and slag can be reduced by 59.7 t. …”
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Evaluation of Background Black Carbon Concentration in India by Maji Smaran, V. Vinoj

“…Our analysis reveals that the background BC over India reaches its highest during the winter season, 2.32 µg m–3 (background BC ~86%), and its lowest during the monsoon season, 0.60 µg m–3 (background BC ~79%). …”
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Supraglacial lake evolution and its drivers in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica by Anirudha Mahagaonkar, Geir Moholdt, Quentin Glaude, Thomas Vikhamar Schuler

“…In contrast, previous winter precipitation has a negative effect on summer lake extents, presumably by increasing albedo and pore space, delaying the accumulation of meltwater. …”
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Temporal Trends and Spatial Patterns of Temperature and Its Extremes over the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region (1960–2014), China by Wei Wei, Baitian Wang, Kebin Zhang, Zhongjie Shi, Genbatu Ge, Xiaohui Yang

“…Annual temperature has recorded a significant increasing trend over the BTSSR, in which 51 stations exhibited significant increasing trends (p<0.05); winter temperature recorded the most significant increasing trend in the northwest subregion. …”
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Short-term Optimal Scheduling Model for Hydropower Stations Considering Peak Shaving of Local and HVDC Receiving Power Grids by ZHOU Binbin, ZHANG Congtong, LIU Benxi, CHENG Chuntian, CHEN Kai, WANG Youxiang

“…In the face of the increasingly severe peak shaving pressure on both sending and receiving power grids of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) of large-scale hydropower stations,a short-term optimal scheduling model that takes into account peak shaving of local and HVDC receiving power grids of the cascade hydropower stations has been established.The model aims to minimize the maximum value of residual load in multiple power grids,not only considering the conventional hydraulic and power constraints of the cascade hydropower stations and the complex operation constraints of the HVDC transmission lines but also introducing coupled operation constraints between the HVDC transmission line and the hydropower stations.In the model-solving phase,the original model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model by introducing auxiliary variables to linearize the objective function,hydraulic operation constraints,and HVDC operation constraints and using the big M method to linearize the bi-directional interval coupled constraints between the HVDC transmission line and the hydropower stations.Typical winter and summer days in a large-scale hydropower system in southwestern China are taken as examples,and the results show that the peak-valley difference of the sending power grid has decreased by up to 100%,while the decrease in the peak-valley difference in the receiving end power grid is 28.1% and 31.6%,respectively.It shows that the proposed model can share the flexibility of hydropower through HVDC transmission lines,achieve peak shaving in multiple power grids,and ensure safe operation of the HVDC transmission lines,which can provide a reference for short-term multi-grid peak shaving of large-scale cascade hydropower stations.…”
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Analysis of the consequences of climate change on the characteristics of middle Zagros snow cover using remote sensing data by moslem seydi, kamal omidvar, gholamali mozafari, ahmad mazidi

“…Changes in snow cover during the winter months, particularly in elevated areas, were observed to be more pronounced compared to other seasons and regions within the study area.…”
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Transmission line trip faults under extreme snow and ice conditions: a case study by Guojun Zhang

“…This study delves into the causes and consequences of transmission line trip faults that occur under severe winter conditions, with a focused case study in Inner Mongolia—an area frequently impacted by snow and ice hazards. …”
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Spatio-temporal Variation of Meteorological Influence on PM2.5 and PM10 over Major Urban Cities of Bangladesh by Nafisa Islam, Tarik Reza Toha, Mohammad Maksimul Islam, Tanvir Ahmed

“…In addition, the northwestern wind appeared to contribute to PM rise in most urban areas by carrying PM loading. In winter, the low temperature was found to favor PM accumulation, while in monsoon, high temperature causes PM rise, possibly by assisting atmospheric secondary aerosol formation. …”
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2020 Cool-Season Forage Variety Recommendations for Florida by A. R. Blount, M. Wallau, E. Rios, J. M. B. Vendramini, J. C. B. Dubeux, Md. A. Babar, K. E. Kenworthy, M. J. Mulvaney, K. H. Quesenberry

“… Perennial warm-season pasture grasses used in Florida become dormant in late fall and winter because of short days, cooler temperatures, and frosts. …”
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