Investigating Ramifications of Climate Change on Farming Practices and Sustainable Livelihood Preferences for Farmers in Tropical Regions by Timothy O. Ogunbode, Timothy A. Akinkuolie, Victor O. Oyebamiji

“…Factor analysis identified and extracted three significant options for the sustainability of farmers’ living in the CC era, namely, (i) adoption of soil and water conservation option (35.007%); (ii) abandonment of farming for another means of livelihood (15.052%) and (iii) reduction in the farmland size (11.774%). …”
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Ecological Treatment and Resource Utilization of Wastewater from a Chicken Transfer Station by Rongwei Xiong, Xiufang Gao, Jinquan Huang, Yilin Mao, Peihua Jiang, Li Jiang

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Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy and Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius) by Mohamed Tharwat

“…It plays an important role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal disorders. …”
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Estimation of Crop Evapotranspiration Using Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Index by Arturo Reyes-González, Jeppe Kjaersgaard, Todd Trooien, Christopher Hay, Laurent Ahiablame

“…Using ETc maps at the field scale, farmers can supply appropriate amounts of irrigation water corresponding to each growth stage, leading to water conservation.…”
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Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of NDVI in Pearl River Basin and Its Driving Force Based on Geodetector by WANG Ruiqing, JIANG Xiaohui, NIE Tong

“…On the basis of the yearly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from 2000 to 2015,climate,topography,vegetation,soil types,and socio-economic indicators are integrated to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and driving factors of NDVI in the Pearl River Basin with ArcGIS spatial analysis and geographical detectors (Geodetectors).The results indicate that ① NDVI in the Pearl River Basin shows phased growth in interannual variations from 2000 to 2015,and the overall average annual growth rate is 0.005 3,the medium-high vegetation coverage is greatly transformed into high vegetation coverage,which means the medium-highly and highly vegetated areas have complementary correspondence in spatiotemporal variations,and the average vegetation coverage is greatly improved.② The impact of human activities on the change in vegetation coverage in the Pearl River Basin is greater than that of natural factors.The intensity of human activities in the area reflected by the light intensity at night is the most important factor affecting vegetation changes,and the landform type is the main natural factor affecting vegetation coverage in the basin.On an annual scale,there is little correlation between the change in vegetation coverage and meteorological factors.③ The interaction between natural factors and socio-economic factors is mainly two-factor enhancement,and the two-factor enhancement of the landform type and light intensity at night makes a contribution of 58.9% to the q value;the nonlinear enhancement interaction is mainly between natural factors.By analyzing the range or type of various natural factors suitable for vegetation growth in the study area,this research provides a scientific basis for further promoting the soil and water conservation and ecological protection of the Pearl River Basin.…”
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System Dynamics Simulation and Analysis of Water Resources Utilization in Longkou City,Shandong Province by YANG Xiao, LIU Xinyu, QIN Huanhuan

“…Based on system dynamics analysis method,this paper predicts and analyzes the comprehensive utilization and development of water resources in Longkou City,Shandong Province from 2019 to 2050 under four different scenarios.The results show that:①The water demand of Longkou City increases with the forecast time.In the forecast period,the average total water demands of Longkou City under the four scenarios are 13.726,15.078,11.307 and 13.944 billion m³,respectively.At the end of the forecast period (2050),the total water demands of Longkou City under the four scenarios are 18.392,24.271,15.975 and 22.468 billion m³ respectively;②The water shortage under different scenarios is different.The proportion of water shortage years in the forecast period is 91.18%,91.18%,50.00% and 67.65%,respectively.The average water shortage volume is 2.886,4.158,0.610 and 3.091 billion m³ respectively,and the average water shortage index is 0.209 6,0.258 9,0.175 3 and 0.282 9 respectively;③ Adhering to the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development,it is necessary to balance the water conservation and social and economic development in the future development of Longkou City.Through the analysis and comparison of the simulation results,the comprehensive development scenario is the best among all scenarios for resource exploitation and social and economic sustainable development.…”
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4-H Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Leader Guide by John Pipoly, Angelina Toomey, Sarah Hensley, Esen Momol, Jennifer W. Marvin, Kelly Perez

“… Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM (FFL) protects natural resources through water conservation, waste and nonpoint source pollution reduction, erosion prevention, and creation of wildlife-sustaining habitats by implementing science-based landscaping practices. 4-H Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Curriculum fosters environmental stewardship among youth and allows them to engage in conserving water, soil, and vegetation resources from an early age. …”
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Performance-Based Evaluation of Large Steel-Framed Structures in the Overall Fire Process by Guoqing Zhu, Guowei Zhang, Guanglin Yuan, Qingtao Li

“…Furthermore, we also studied evacuation process from oversized buildings and found that the Pathfinder model (developed based on water conservation model and behavior model) can accurately predict the evacuation process from oversized buildings based on our experimental study of an evacuation from a stadium. …”
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Industrial wastewater treatment and reuse: Heckman probit sample selection model by Urgessa Tilahun Bekabil, M.K. Jayamohan, Amsalu Bedemo Beyene

“…Policymakers and industrial firms should think about ways to educate and encourage firms and the surrounding community to reuse treated wastewater, which promotes water conservation and reduces urban water scarcity. • The Heckman Probit Selection model effectively identifies and analyzes the factors influencing wastewater treatment and reuse in the industrial sector. • Implementing wastewater treatment solutions is crucial for minimizing water shortages in urban areas of emerging economies. • The estimated model highlights the essential actions to be taken for achieving a sustainable environment.…”
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Forest Plantations and Water Consumption: A Strategy for Hydrosolidarity by W. P. Lima, R. Laprovitera, S. F. B. Ferraz, C. B. Rodrigues, M. M. Silva

“…The design involved the allocation of part of the identified saturated areas as water conservation areas, as well as a change in the spacing of the planting. …”
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Scenario-Based Analysis on the Structural Change of Land Uses in China by Qian Xu, Qunou Jiang, Kai Cao, Xing Li, Xiangzheng Deng

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Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current in Mangrove Creek by LI Yichun, LIU Shitong

“…Mangrove coast is one of the typical coasts in low latitude area.Mangrove is widely distributed in southern coastal cites of China,which is of great significance for tide resistance,shoal reinforcement,environmental protection and ecological security.However,mangrove hydrodynamics develops slowly in estuarine and coastal research.This paper establishes a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model based on high-resolution scheme and ‘slot method’ to simulate and study the hydrodynamic characteristics of small-scale mangrove creek,and builds a simplified theoretical model based on water conservation to explore the relationship between maximum velocity and tide level.The results show that:The tidal current asymmetry in the creek is mainly affected by the incident tidal wave,and the topography in the creek cannot cause the alternation of asymmetric nature of tidal current;The mangrove is favorable for the flow structure in the creek to maintain the tidal flat and gather the materials;Mangrove has significant impact on the decrease of the longitudinal velocity on the tidal flat,but little effect on the transverse velocity;The density of natural mangrove has little effect on the velocity,and the increase of width of the deep channel promotes the flood-dominated tidal velocity;The tide level at maximum velocity is related to the depth-width ratio of the deep channel,the slope of the tidal flat and the scale of the deep channel,and affected by the flood-ebb time-asymmetry;The influence by tidal flat slope mainly comes from the change of tidal prism in the creek.The flood tide process is mainly controlled by the incident tidal wave at the entrance,while the ebb tide process is mainly affected by the volume of tidal prism in the creek.…”
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Irrigation Schedule of Rice Based on CROPWAT Model in Southern Central Yunnan by DUAN Qicai, WANG Shupeng, ZHANG Lei, LUO Yingpei, QI Na

“…This study is conducted to further review the rationality of the standard for rice irrigation quotas in Jianshui of southern central Yunnan.On the basis of the observation data of Jianshui Meteorological Station from 1958 to 2013 and the rice-season test results of irrigation test sites in Jianshui from 2016 to 2018,the crop and soil parameters in the CROPWAT model are calibrated,and the processes of water in the rice soaking stage and irrigation amount in the prime field stage are simulated.With frequency arrangement results of irrigation amount in the whole growth stage,the rice irrigation schedule is drafted by the typical-year method.The results indicate that under the irrigation probability (P) of P=50%,P=75%,and P=90%,the irrigation quota of Jianshui rice in the whole growth stage is 510.1,591.1,and 651.2 mm,respectively,including the quota for the rice soaking stage of 185.3,209.2,and 213.9 mm,as well as the quota for the prime field stage of 324.8,381.9,and 437.3 mm,respectively.The irrigation frequency in the prime field stage is 8,9,and 10 times,respectively,and the irrigation quota is between 20.3 to 46.7 mm.The standard for rice irrigation quotas in Jianshui of southern central Yunnan is between 240.0 to 255.0 mm in the rice soaking stage,and under the conditions of P=50%,P=75%,and P=90%,the rice irrigation quota in the prime field stage is 427.5~435.0,487.5~502.5,540.0~562.5 mm,respectively.The current standard for rice irrigation quotas is basically reasonable,but from the viewpoint of water conservation and protection,there is still some water-saving space for rice irrigation.…”
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An Evaluation of River Health for the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province, China by Jinxi Song, Dandong Cheng, Qi Li, Xingjun He, Yongqing Long, Bo Zhang

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Os Perímetros Irrigados do Baixo Jagurige no estado do Ceará [Brasil]: uma experiência referencial de projeto territorial sustentável by André Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão, Luci Mehry Martins Braga, Carlos Eduardo Pozzer

“…Development plans or water conservation may be allies for programs that enable projects to generate employment and income for the people involved. …”
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Is Ridge Cultivation Sustainable? A Case Study from the Haean Catchment, South Korea by Marianne Ruidisch, Sebastian Arnhold, Bernd Huwe, Christina Bogner

“…To evaluate whether the current practice of ridge cultivation is sustainable with regard to soil quality and soil and water conservation, we (i) analysed soil properties of topsoils and (ii) carried out dye tracer experiments. …”
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Áreas de preservação permanente de topos: das alterações na legislação brasileira às suas diferentes interpretações by Amanda Machado de Almeida, Eduardo Vedor de Paula

“…Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) it has developed environmental functions such as soil protection and water conservation, that prevent the acceleration of erosion and silting processes, a problem that affects Antonina Bay, located in Paraná state coast. …”
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Assessing Soil Tolerance Limit for Two Soil Orders Surrounding Sulaimani City by Marwa Abubakr Ahmed, Kamal Sharif Qadir

“…This research was conducted to determined Soil loss tolerance limit (SLTL) which used for soil and water conservation projects and assessing the potential risk of soil erosion. …”
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Spatial-temporal Evolution of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Huaihe River Basin from 1999 to 2018 by GAO Zheng, LIU Saiyan, QIN Xuan, XU Liuxin

“…Vegetation is one of the main participants in the global carbon cycle and plays an important role in land surface water transport and energy transmission.Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) from 1999 to 2018,the spatial-temporal evolution law of NDVI was studied on three time scales (month,quarter,and year) through the Mann-Kendall trend test and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition.The following findings are obtained.① Affected by crop maturity and different landforms,the multi-year average values of monthly NDVI in the HRB present an M-shaped distribution as a whole,and there are some differences in the mean value and variation range of NDVI in different sub-basins.② In the downstream area with more farmlands,the NDVI shows an insignificant downward trend in summer and winter,while in other three sub-basins of the river,the NDVI follows an upward trend in all seasons,especially in spring and autumn.③ The annual NDVI of the basin exhibits a significant upward trend,which is the same as the global greening trend.This also indicates that returning cropland back to forests and other soil and water conservation measures have achieved remarkable results in vegetation restoration and ecological protection in the basin for the past 20 years.④ The spatial distribution of NDVI modes in the HRB shows simultaneous increases or decreases overall,with a great difference existing between the western and eastern areas.Vegetation coverage gradually decreases from inland to coastal.These research results can provide a reference basis for understanding the vegetation restoration characteristics and protecting the ecological environment in the HRB.…”
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Micropropagation of Bioencapsulation and Ultrastructural Features of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Grown In Vivo and In Vitro by Sadegh Mohajer, Rosna Mat Taha, Minoo Mohajer, Arash Khorasani Esmaeili

“…Adventitious shoots from synthetic beads developed into rooting in full and half strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Prolonged water conservation of black and red soils (1 : 1) had the highest rate of survival plantlets in the acclimatization process. …”
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