Evolution within a given virulence phenotype (pathotype) is driven by changes in aggressiveness: a case study of French wheat leaf rust populations by Fontyn, Cécilia, Meyer, Kevin JG, Boixel, Anne-Lise, Delestre, Ghislain, Piaget, Emma, Picard, Corentin, Suffert, Frédéric, Marcel, Thierry C, Goyeau, Henriette

“…Plant pathogens are constantly evolving and adapting to their environment, including their host. Virulence alleles emerge, and then increase, and sometimes decrease in frequency within pathogen populations in response to the fluctuating selection pressures imposed by the deployment of resistance genes. …”
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Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri requires a genus-specific outer membrane protein and TolB to coordinate cell membrane integrity and virulence by Leilei Wu, Xueyan Zhu, Hang Long, Xinyu Huang, Shuying Zhu, Qi Xue, Ziao Li, Huasong Zou

“…Moreover, OMPXan and TolB are both required for cell membrane integrity, stress adaption, and virulence. The overall results support that OMPXan and TolB coordinate multi-faceted mechanisms to manage environmental stress and pathogenicity.…”
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Construction and efficacy of recombinant Newcastle disease virus co-expressing VP2 and VP3 proteins of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus by Tongfei Liu, Lin Lin, Yun Pan, Xiaoling Lin, Ming Liang, Guanming Shao, Keyu Feng, Yaxin Liu, Xinheng Zhang, Qingmei Xie

“…Infectious bursal disease (IBD), triggered by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), poses a substantial risk to the poultry industry due to its immunosuppressive nature and the emergence of highly virulent strains. Traditional vaccination strategies have limitations, prompting the need for novel approaches. …”
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Occurrence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from the Beef Carcass of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia by Habtamu Yalew Ayenew, Birhan Agmas Mitiku, Tesfaye Sisay Tesema

“…E. coli O157:H7 is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate E. coli O157:H7, determine virulence genes carried by the organism, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates from beef carcass samples at Bahir Dar city. …”
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Characteristics of virulence of Puccinia triticina populations and the potential of the Lr24, Lr25, LrSp genes for spring common wheat breeding in the Southern Ural by V. A. Tyunin, E. R. Shreyder, E. I. Gultyaeva, E. L. Shaydayuk

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Omics-Based Comparison of Fungal Virulence Genes, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, and Small Molecules in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> by Holly P. Bartholomew, Christopher Gottschalk, Bret Cooper, Michael R. Bukowski, Ronghui Yang, Verneta L. Gaskins, Dianiris Luciano-Rosario, Jorge M. Fonseca, Wayne M. Jurick

“…Additionally, a core subset of <i>P. expansum</i> virulence gene homologues were identified in <i>P. chrysogenum</i> and were similarly transcriptionally regulated in vitro. …”
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Comparative functional analysis of a new CDR1-like ABC transporter gene in multidrug resistance and virulence between Magnaporthe oryzae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by Jing Wang, Chenwen Xiao, Shuang Liang, Muhammad Noman, Yingying Cai, Zhen Zhang, Xueming Zhu, Rongyao Chai, Haiping Qiu, Zhongna Hao, Yanli Wang, Jiaoyu Wang, Guolian Bao, Guochang Sun, Fucheng Lin

“…TmCDR1 effectively rescued the drug sensitivity and virulence of ΔMocdr1 and mediated the drug resistance and animal skin infection in T. mentagrophytes. …”
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Prevalence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water, Sediment, Fish, and Crab in Aby Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire by Ollo Kambire, Ama Antoinette Adingra, Konan Mathurin Yao, Rose Koffi-Nevry

“…This study was conducted to characterize virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolates from water, sediment, fish, and crab in Aby Lagoon. …”
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NDM-1-Positive K. pneumoniae at a Teaching Hospital in Southwestern China: Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance, Molecular Characterization, Biofilm Assay, and Virulence by Kai Yang, Shumin Liu, Huanqin Li, Na Du, Jing Yao, Qiuyue He, Yan Du

“…Understanding the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm assay, and the virulence genes of these isolated strains is of great significance. …”
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Identification of novel PfEMP1 variants containing domain cassettes 11, 15 and 8 that mediate the Plasmodium falciparum virulence-associated rosetting phenotype. by Florence E McLean, Brian R Omondi, Nouhoum Diallo, Stanley Otoboh, Carolyne Kifude, Abdirahman I Abdi, Rivka Lim, Thomas D Otto, Ashfaq Ghumra, J Alexandra Rowe

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<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Proteins Implicated in the Reduced Virulence of <i>sarA</i> and <i>sarA/agr</i> Mutants in Osteomyelitis by Karen E. Beenken, Mara J. Campbell, Stephanie D. Byrum, Rick D. Edmondson, Samuel G. Mackintosh, Alan J. Tackett, Mark S. Smeltzer

“…This demonstrates that the ability of <i>sarA</i> to limit protease production plays a key role in post-translational remodeling of the <i>S. aureus</i> proteome to a degree that can be correlated with reduced virulence in our osteomyelitis model, and that it does so irrespective of the functional status of <i>agr</i>. …”
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Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Virulence Profiles of Classical and Hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by Azra, Taj Ali Khan, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Woranich Hinthong, Susana Campino, Aisha Gohar, Noman Khan, Muhammad Kashif, Ihsan Ullah, Taane G. Clark

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Molecular detection of the hpmA and ureA genes in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates by Rosa Kareem Shameel, Marwa Hameed M. Alkhafaji

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Purpurin suppresses Salmonella invasion of host cells by reducing the secretion of T3SS-1 effector proteins by Zhenxu Shi, Zhimin Guo, Siqi Li, Chenxiao Jiang, Jianfeng Wang, Xuming Deng, Hongtao Liu, Jiazhang Qiu

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Newly identified c-di-GMP pathway putative EAL domain gene STM0343 regulates stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by Kaifeng Chen, Lili Li, Nanwei Wang, Zhouping Zhou, Peng Pan, Chenggang Xu, Dage Sun, Jiayi Li, Changzhi Dai, Dai Kuang, Ming Liao, Jianmin Zhang

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Clinical Specimens are the Pool of Multidrug- resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Harbouring oprL and toxA Virulence Genes: Findings from a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal by Yamuna Chand, Sujan Khadka, Sanjeep Sapkota, Suprina Sharma, Santosh Khanal, Alina Thapa, Binod Rayamajhee, Dhruba Kumar Khadka, Om Prakash Panta, Dipendra Shrestha, Pramod Poudel

“…The multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying some virulence genes has become a global public health threat. …”
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Protection Conferred by Gallid Alphaherpesvirus 2 Vaccines Against Immunosuppression Induced by Very Virulent Plus (vv+) Marek’s Disease Virus Strains in Commercial Meat Type Chickens by Nagwa Khaled, Carissa Gaghan, Abdelhamid M. Fares, Christa Goodell, William Stanley, Raveendra R. Kulkarni, Isabel M. Gimeno

“…Very virulent plus Marek’s disease virus (vv+MDV) induces severe immunosuppression in commercial chickens. …”
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Molecular characterization of putative antibiotic resistance determinant and virulence factors genes of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Faris A. Alanazi, Khalid S. Almaary, Turki M. Dawoud, Mohamed A. El-Tayeb, Yahya B. Elbadawi, Ayman S. Mubarak, Ali M. Somily

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Salmonella Serovars, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Factors Isolated from Intestinal Content of Slaughtered Chickens and Ready-to-Eat Chicken Gizzards in the Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria by M. A. Raji, H. M. Kazeem, K. A. Magyigbe, A. O. Ahmed, D. N. Lawal, I. A. Raufu

“…Haifa possess virulence genes so they are potentially virulent for humans in this area. …”
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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis Isolated from Raw Shrimp in Bangladesh: An Investigation Based on Molecular Characteristics, Survival, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Formation Attributes by Prosanto Kumar Das, Ananta Mandal, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Shovon Lal Sarkar, Iqbal Kabir Jahid, Md. Anwar Hossain, A. S. M. Rubayet Ul Alam, Pravas Chandra Roy

“…In Bangladesh, the present condition of raw shrimp contamination with pathogenic Salmonella serovars and their survival/virulence properties was not adequately characterized. …”
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