Calf immunization protocols with low-virulence isolates of Anaplasma marginale: Analysis of post-inoculation effects and protection against natural challenge by Filipe Lucas de Melo Mendonça, Matheus Figueiredo Coelho, Camila Valgas Bastos, Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira, Rafael Romero Nicolino, Jose Azael Zambrano Uribe, Múcio Flávio Barbosa Ribeiro, Bruna Torres Silvestre, Rodrigo Melo Meneses, Antônio Último de Carvalho, Tiago Facury Moreira, Elias Jorge Facury-Filho

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Effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oil on Bacterial Growth and Expression of Some Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis by Mohammad Hassanzadeh, Sara Mirzaie, Faezeh Rahimi Pirmahalle, Ramak Yahyaraeyat, Jamshid Razmyar

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Coexistence of Virulence Factors and Efflux Pump Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Analysis of Biofilm-Forming Strains from Iran by Shahram Shahraki Zahedani, Hamed Tahmasebi, Mojdeh Jahantigh

“…In contrast, the presence of the MexAB-OprM and MexCD-OprJ pumps did not affect virulence.…”
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Virulence potential of faecal <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from healthy cows and calves on farms in Perm Krai by V. S. Mihailovskaya, N. B. Remezovskaya, I. N. Zhdanova, M. Starčič Erjavec, M. V. Kuznetsova

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Genomic Changes in an Attenuated ZB Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia1 and Comparison with Its Virulent Parental Strain by Aiguo Xin, Mingwang Zhu, Zhenqi Peng, Qi Hu, Chenhong Shi, Defang Liao, Jihua Wang, Huachun Li

“…To understand the genetic changes of attenuation, we compared the entire genomes of three different rabbit-passaged attenuated ZB strains (ZB/CHA/58(att), ZBRF168, and ZBRF188) and their virulent parental strains (ZBCF22 and YNBS/58). The results showed that attenuation may be brought about by 28 common amino acid substitutions in the coding region, with one nucleotide point mutation in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) and another one in the 3′-UTR. …”
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Standardization and validation of a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method for detecting virulent strains of the infectious bursal disease virus by Vladimir Longa-Bobadilla, Phillip Ormeño-Vásquez, Manuel Criollo-Orozco, Luis Tataje-Lavanda, Katherine Huamán-Gutierrez, Ángela Montalván, Mirko Zimic, Manolo Fernández-Sanchez, Manolo Fernández-Díaz

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Adaptation and Molecular Characterization of Two Malaysian Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolates Adapted in BGM-70 Cell Line by Nafi’u Lawal, Mohd Hair-Bejo, Siti Suri Arshad, Abdul Rahman Omar, Aini Ideris

“…Two Malaysian very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) strains UPM0081 and UPM190 (also known as UPMB00/81 and UPM04/190, respectively) isolated from local IBD outbreaks were serially passaged 12 times (EP12) in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. …”
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TALome and phenotypic analysis of Pakistani Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae population revealed novel virulent TALEs contributing to bacterial blight of rice by Syed Mashab Ali Shah, Rafia Ahsan, Linlin Liu, Ying Li, Qi Wang, Yong Wang, Jiali Yan, Moein Khojasteh, Xiameng Xu, Zhengyin Xu, Awais Rasheed, Muhammad Zakria, Gongyou Chen

“…Further identification of novel virulent TALE/s and their cognate target/s is warranted to precisely elucidate their role in BB.…”
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The <i>Meq</i> Genes of Nigerian Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) Field Isolates Contain Mutations Common to Both European and US High Virulence Strains by Joseph N. Patria, Luka Jwander, Ifeoma Mbachu, Levi Parcells, Brian Ladman, Jakob Trimpert, Benedikt B. Kaufer, Phaedra Tavlarides-Hontz, Mark S. Parcells

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Comparative Analysis of <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Virulence Among Foodborne and Clinical <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Strains by Hui Yan, Biyao Xu, Binru Gao, Yunyan Xu, Xuejuan Xia, Yue Ma, Xiaojie Qin, Qingli Dong, Takashi Hirata, Zhuosi Li

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Staphylococcus aureus nt5 gene mutation through CRISPR RNA-guided base editing weakens bacterial virulence and immune evasion by Xinpeng Liu, Lan Huang, Yang Ye, Haiyi Wang, Min Tang, Fuqiang He, Zijing Xia, Shi Deng, Peng Zhang, Ruiwu Dai, Shufang Liang

“…Virulence…”
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Enhancing antibacterial photodynamic therapy with NIR‐activated gold nanoclusters: Atomic‐precision size effect on reducing bacterial biofilm formation and virulence by Chengyu Liu, Tenghui Tian, Yujia Shi, Meiqi Li, Le Hong, Jing Zhou, Jia Liu, Yuan Zhong, Xue Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Xue Bai, Lin Wang, Chunyan Li, Zhennan Wu

“…Moreover, this study highlights the unique role of ICG‐AuNCs in suppressing quorum sensing, virulence, and ABC transporters compared to their larger counterparts. …”
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<i>Botrytis cinerea</i> PMT4 Is Involved in <i>O</i>-Glycosylation, Cell Wall Organization, Membrane Integrity, and Virulence by Verónica Plaza, Alice Pasten, Luz A. López-Ramírez, Héctor M. Mora-Montes, Julia Rubio-Astudillo, Evelyn Silva-Moreno, Luis Castillo

“…Thus, in addition to their role in glycosylation, the <i>PMT4</i> is required to virulence, biofilm formation, and membrane integrity. …”
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Detection of CRISPR‒Cas and type I R–M systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae of human and animal origins and their relationship to antibiotic resistance and virulence by Xue Li, Ling Wang, Jinghuan Lin, Yingjuan Gu, Zhihua Liu, Jing Hu

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From Natural Hosts to Agricultural Threats: The Evolutionary Journey of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Asanka Madhushan, Dulan Bhanuka Weerasingha, Evgeny Ilyukhin, Paul W. J. Taylor, Amila Sandaruwan Ratnayake, Jian-Kui Liu, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura

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Characterisation of EfbA from the Endodontic Pathogen Enterococcus faecalis and Prediction of Immunodominant EfbA Epitope Peptides: An In-vitro and In-silico Study by Dev Arora, AS Smiline Girija, J Vijayashree Priyadharsini

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Association between Virulence Factors and TRAF1/4-1BB/Bcl-xL Expression in Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori by Fen Wang, Xiang Wu, Zhiying Liu, Guangkui Bu, Xiayu Li, Nanfang Qu, Jin Peng, Canxia Xu, Shourong Shen, Yi Yuan

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<i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification by Alessandro F. Valdez, Flora Bohner, Joshua P. Goldman, Ali B. Jaquiery, Eduardo V. C. do Amaral, Dario Correa-Junior, Andrew Draganski, Leonardo Nimrichter, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Daniel Zamith-Miranda

“…Additionally, the clade 2 strain was more susceptible to treatment with the microparticle, while also being more virulent in an invertebrate model of infection. Our findings were then correlated to visualize parallels between clade identification and resistance/virulence patterns.…”
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Examining the impact of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 6MMI on inhibiting biofilm formation, adhesion, and virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 by Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani, Mostafa Rahmati-Joneidabad, Morteza Taki

“…Additionally, the CFS inhibited the transcription of the plcB, hly, and prfA genes in L. monocytogenes, suggesting a potential reduction in bacterial virulence through decreased hemolysin release and modulation of phospholipase activity. …”
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Retraction: The two-component system CpxR/A represses the expression of Salmonella virulence genes by affecting the stability of the transcriptional regulator HilD by Frontiers Editorial Office

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