Recombinant Marek’s disease virus expressing VP1 and VP2 proteins provides robust immune protection against chicken infectious anemia virus by Chengfei Ge, Hangqiong Lu, Jinze Han, Guorong Sun, Shihao Li, Xingge Lan, Yongzhen Liu, Mengmeng Yu, Xinyun Hu, Mingxue Hu, Xiaole Qi, Hongyu Cui, Yulu Duan, Suyan Wang, Yuntong Chen, Xiaomei Wang, Xiaomei Wang, Yanping Zhang, Yulong Gao, Changjun Liu

“…Moreover, rMDV vaccination conferred an 85% protective index against challenge with a highly virulent strain of CIAV, significantly reducing the occurrence of anemia and thymic atrophy caused by CIAV infection and dramatically suppressing CIAV replication in the thymus. …”
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Evolution of infectious diseases induced by epidemic prevention publicity and interaction between heterogeneous strains by Yike Lv, Xinzhu Meng

“…Our results indicate that an excessive publicity scope and intensity can drive the epidemic evolution towards higher virulence. Both types of interactions suggest that continuously increasing the publicity scope under a low publicity intensity can effectively reduce virulence. …”
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Epidemiological and genomic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains from retailed raw meat by Leila Hamze, Raquel Garcia-Fierro, Antoine Drapeau, Pauline François, Andrea Endimiani, Jean-Yves Madec, Marisa Haenni, Vincent Perreten, Agnese Lupo

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Interesting Cytokine Profile Caused by Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR Carrying the exoU Gene by Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martínez, Esther Layseca-Espinosa, Roberto González-Amaro, Luis Fernando Pérez-González, Perla Niño-Moreno

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in HAIs with two facets: the most studied is the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, and the less explored is the long list of virulence factors it possesses. This study aimed to characterize the virulence genes carried by strains as well as the profile of cytokines related to inflammation, according to the resistance profile presented. …”
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A Phage‐Based Approach to Identify Antivirulence Inhibitors of Bacterial Type IV Pili by Tori M. Shimozono, Nancy J. Vogelaar, Megan T. O'Hara, Zhaomin Yang

“…Antivirulants are small molecules designed to target virulence factors, thereby attenuating the virulence of infectious microbes. …”
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Comparative Genomics Reveals Pathogenicity-Related Loci in Shewanella algae by Jui-Hsing Wang, Guo-Cheng He, Yao-Ting Huang, Po-Yu Liu

“…However, there is scarce literature related to the understanding of the genetic background of virulence determinants in S. algae. In this study, we aim to determine the occurrence of common virulence genes in S. algae using whole-genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis. …”
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Distinct roles for intra- and extracellular siderophores during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. by Markus Schrettl, Elaine Bignell, Claudia Kragl, Yasmin Sabiha, Omar Loss, Martin Eisendle, Anja Wallner, Herbert N Arst, Ken Haynes, Hubertus Haas

“…Siderophore biosynthesis by the highly lethal mould Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for virulence, but non-existent in humans, presenting a rare opportunity to strategize therapeutically against this pathogen. …”
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A novel small RNA regulates Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and site-specific colonization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in gut by Runhua Han, Runhua Han, Ye Qian, Chenguang Zheng

“…Here we present a virulence-regulating pathway in EHEC O157:H7, in which the sRNA EvrS binds to and destabilizes the mRNA of Z2269, a novel transcriptional regulator. …”
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The anti-sigma factor TcdC modulates hypervirulence in an epidemic BI/NAP1/027 clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile. by Glen P Carter, Gillian R Douce, Revathi Govind, Pauline M Howarth, Kate E Mackin, Janice Spencer, Anthony M Buckley, Ana Antunes, Despina Kotsanas, Grant A Jenkin, Bruno Dupuy, Julian I Rood, Dena Lyras

“…Since 2000, there has been a striking increase in C. difficile nosocomial infections worldwide, predominantly due to the emergence of epidemic or hypervirulent isolates that appear to possess extended antibiotic resistance and virulence properties. Various hypotheses have been proposed for the emergence of these strains, and for their persistence and increased virulence, but supportive experimental data are lacking. …”
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Impacts of Pta-AckA pathway on CPS biosynthesis and type 3 fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Tien-Huang Lin, Chen-Yu Wang, Chien-Chen Wu, Ching-Ting Lin

“…Understanding how K. pneumoniae regulates its virulence factors is crucial. Acetyl-phosphate (AcP) is essential for bacterial metabolism and can affect virulence factor expression. …”
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Antibacterial efficacy and antibiotic sensitivity augmentation potential of selected traditional medicinal plant extracts against Vibrio cholerae O1 E1 Tor Ogawa by Pruthviraj Chavan, Kamakshi Naik, Soumika Ghosal, Rajitha Charla, Rajalakshmi Patil, Jyoti N. Guruputranavar, Vishal S. Patil, Darasaguppe R. Harish, Subarna Roy

“…Further, the computational studies predicted that phytocompounds of these plants pose stable interaction with AphA, AphB, and ToxT playing the key role in inhibiting the expression of virulence factors. Conclusion The results emphasize that these plant extracts potentially inhibit the growth of Vibrio cholerae, decrease the expression of virulence gene, and enhance the sensitivity of certain conventional antibiotics.…”
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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Milk and Milk Products in Kaduna, Nigeria by U. B. Usman, J. K. P. Kwaga, J. Kabir, O. S. Olonitola, S. Radu, F. Bande

“…Of the 36 isolates, 9 (25%) were positive for one or two virulence-associated genes. Based on the sample type, 6 (16.9%) of the isolates that possessed virulence-associated genes were obtained from raw milk, 2 (3.2%) from “Manshanu,” and 1 (2.8%) from “Kindrimo.” …”
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Leaf spot resistance in sweet and sour cherries by M. S. Lenivtseva, A. P. Kuznetsova, E. E. Radchenko

“…Five phenotypes of the fungus, differing in virulence to six cherry genotypes, were identified. …”
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Complex System Analysis of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici Isolates Collected in Central Hebei Province, China by Qingping Zhou, Lingli Li, Long Wang

“…Race 077 is the second dominant race. (2) The frequency of virulence genes VEra, V8, V1, V3c, and V3f in population toxicity frequency analysis was more than 70%, while the frequency of virulence genes V2, MID, V20, V21, V4b, and V4 was less than 16.7%, and 46% of virulence genes of powdery mildew were higher than 40%. …”
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Microevolution during Chronic Infection May Lead T. asahii to Coexist with the Host by Gen Ba, Xuelian Lv, Xin Yang, Wenling Wang, Junhong Ao, Rongya Yang

“…These results demonstrated that the microevolution during chronic infection could induce changes in immunogenicity, virulence, and transcriptome, which might lead T. asahii to coexist with the host.…”
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Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastroduodenal Diseases from Molecular Epidemiological Studies by Yoshio Yamaoka

“…H. pylori has a genome of approximately 1,600 genes; therefore, there might be other novel virulence factors. Because genome wide analyses using whole-genome sequencing technology give a broad view of the genome of H. pylori, we hope that next-generation sequencers will enable us to efficiently investigate novel virulence factors.…”
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of <i>Campylobacter</i> Plasmids Identified in Food Isolates by Yiping He, Gretchen Elizabeth Dykes, Siddhartha Kanrar, Yanhong Liu, Nereus W. Gunther, Katrina L. Counihan, Joe Lee, Joseph A. Capobianco

“…Plasmids, known as important mobile genetic elements, often carry genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and self-mobilization. They serve as the main vectors for transferring genetic material and spreading resistance and virulence among bacteria. …”
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia – A Threatening Nosocomial Pathogen by Ruchita Gawande, Suvarna Sande

“…The aim of this review is to summarize the virulence factors, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of S. maltophilia infections.…”
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Intraspecific variability of Puccinia triticina on hexaploid Triticum species and Aegilops trivialis by E. I. Gultyaeva, E. L. Shaydayuk, I. A. Kazartsev

“…To characterize the structure of the populations, virulence to Thatcher lines with leaf rust resistance genes (TcLr) and microsatellite markers may be used. …”
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Insights into quorum sensing (QS): QS-regulated biofilm and inhibitors by Wen-Si Tan, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Lydia Ngiik-Shiew Law, Vengadesh Letchumanan, Kok-Gan Chan

“…Also, many QS-controlled activities are involved in virulence and pathogenicity. Hence, understanding the details of quorum sensing mechanisms, its phenotype regulation (biofilm), and QS inhibitors (which attenuate virulence/pathogenicity) may open a new avenue for controlling bacterial infections. …”
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