The Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Protein and Antibodies of Clostridium perfringens Beta2 Toxin by Jin Zeng, Fuyang Song, Yi Yang, Chenjie Ma, Guangcun Deng, Yong Li, Yujiong Wang, Xiaoming Liu

“…Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) beta2 toxin (CPB2) is an important virulent factor of necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. …”
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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Novel Recombinant BCG Strain Overexpressing Antigens Ag85A and Ag85B by Chun Wang, Ruiling Fu, Zhenhua Chen, Kun Tan, Lingxia Chen, Xindong Teng, Jia Lu, Chunwei Shi, Xionglin Fan

“…In this study, three rBCG strains overexpressing immunodominant antigens Ag85B (rBCG::85B), Ag85A (rBCG::85A), or both (rBCG::AB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were constructed, respectively. rBCG strains showed higher level of overexpression of Ag85A and/or Ag85B proteins than BCG containing empty vector pMV261(rBCG::261), which had low levels of endogenous expression of both proteins as expected. rBCG::AB strain could provide the strongest short-term and long-term protection in the lung against intravenous infection with virulent M. tuberculosis than rBCG::261 control and other two rBCG strains overexpressing single antigen. …”
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The Central Role and Possible Mechanisms of Bacterial DNAs in Sepsis Development by Zhenxing Cheng, Simon T. Abrams, James Austin, Julien Toh, Susan Siyu Wang, Zhi Wang, Qian Yu, Weiping Yu, Cheng Hock Toh, Guozheng Wang

“…Priming animals with bacterial DNAs facilitate other pathological factors, such as LPS and other virulent factors, to induce severe disease and lethality. …”
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The Effectiveness of β-glucan in the Treatment of Caprine Mastitis Induced by Candida albicans by Saddam H Mahmoud, Shaimaa N Yassein

“…Sixteen goats were intramammarily inoculated with 1.2 × 10⁷ yeast/2 mL of virulent C. albicans. The groups were as follows: Group I (negative control, uninfected), Group II (positive control, infected but untreated), Group III (treated with Nystatin, 200,000 units/half udder/day intramammary for 7 days), Group IV (treated with β-glucan, 5 mg/mL/half udder, administered intramammary every 48 h for three doses), and Group V (treated with a combination of β-glucan and Nystatin; β-glucan was administered as in Group IV, followed 2 h later by Nystatin, 200,000 units/half udder/day for 7 days). …”
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Clinical assessment and transcriptome analysis of host immune responses in a vaccination-challenge study using a glycoprotein G deletion mutant vaccine strain of infectious laryngo... by Gayathri Gopakumar, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. Devlin

“…Tracheal transcriptomes after challenge with virulent ILTV were compared between groups of the non-vaccinated-challenged and the vaccinated-challenged as well as the non-vaccinated-challenged and the uninfected chickens at 4 to 5 days post-challenge. …”
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Epidemiology of Trypanosomiasis in Wildlife—Implications for Humans at the Wildlife Interface in Africa by Keneth Iceland, Kasozi, Zirintunda, Gerald, Ssempijja, Fred, Buyinza, Bridget, Alzahrani, Khalid J., Matama, Kevin, Nakimbugwe, Helen N., Alkazmi, Luay, Onanyang, David, Bogere, Paul, Ochieng, Juma John, Islam, Saher, Matovu, Wycliff, Nalumenya, David Paul, Batiha, Gaber El-Saber, Osuwat, Lawrence Obado, Abdelhamid, Mahmoud, Shen, Tianren, Omadang, Leonard, Welburn, Susan Christina

“…Wildlife animal species serve as long-term reservoirs of infection, but the delicate acquired balance between trypanotolerance and trypanosome challenge can be disrupted by an increase in challenge and/or the introduction of new more virulent species into the ecosystem. There is a need to protect wildlife, animal, and human populations from the infectious consequences of encroachment to preserve and protect these populations. …”
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Development of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus vaccine expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus multiple epitopes by Guanming Shao, Jun Fu, Yun Pan, Shiying Gong, Chaoyi Song, Sheng Chen, Keyu Feng, Xinheng Zhang, Qingmei Xie

“…Clinical observations and scoring of clinical signs in the vaccination-challenge experiment showed that rH120-Δ5ab-gD-T/B provided 90% protection against virulent ILTV, effectively alleviating clinical signs caused by infection with a virulent strain of ILTV. …”
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Lines resistant to downy mildew in the sunflower genetic collection at VIR by V. A. Gavrilova, T. G. Stupnikova, L. G. Makarova, N. V. Alpatieva, Yu. I. Karabitsina, E. B. Kuznetsova, I. A. Anisimova

“…Thirty-nine lines were resistant in 2016 and 2018; among those, 36 lines were susceptible in 2017. Presumably, a more virulent P. halstedii race became widespread in 2017, compared to the races that prevailed in 2016 and 2018, so the genes that determined resistance in 2016 and 2018 turned out to be ineffective. …”
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The immunogenicity of PRV ΔgE/TK/UL49.5 three-gene-deleted vaccine in mice by Chenmeng Ding, Yawei Sun, Xianfeng Zhang, Mengmeng Shi, Han Yang, Xin Zhou, Shuangshuang Li, Yongtao Li, Xia Yang, Linyang Yu, Lu Chen

“…Immunized mice could induce high levels of serum neutralization antibodies and immune cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-4, which could provide complete protection against virulent PRV challenge. No obvious pathological damage was observed in lung, brain and trigeminal ganglion of mice immunized with PRV ΔgE/TK/UL49.5, and the tissue viral load was the lowest. …”
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Rice blast incidence and morphological variation of Magnaporthe oryzae, Cav. in Ebonyi State, Nigeria by Buliaminu Adeniyi Yekini, Olaitan Chinenye Okechukwu, Clement Gboyega Afolabi

“…Pathogenicity study revealed the five isolates Mo-03, Mo-05, Mo-06, Mo-10 and Mo-17 where more virulent than others. Therefore, the present study recommends that the governments should set up a modality to educate and train rice farmers on disease symptoms and the possible eco-friendly means of control in order to increase rice production both in the study areas and in Nigeria at large.…”
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Fatal toxoplasmic encephalitis triggered by anti-TNF therapy by Rodrigo A. Montoro, Michael Moran, Katherine A. Overmyer, Andrew Periaccante, Joshua J. Coon, Swapnil Lanjewar, Laura J. Knoll, Rob Striker

“…Second, some strains of T. gondii are more virulent than others. Post-mortem mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis of her cerebrospinal fluid show several T. gondii peptides. …”
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Genetic characterization of clinical <I>Klebsiella</I> isolates circulating in Novosibirsk by A. V. Bardasheva, N. V. Fomenko, T. V. Kalymbetova, I. V. Babkin, S. O. Chretien, E. V. Zhirakovskaya, N. V. Tikunova, V. V. Morozova

“…By molecular serotyping using the wzi gene sequence, K. pneumoniae strains were assigned to twenty-one K-serotypes with a high proportion of virulent K1- and K2-serotypes. It was found that K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the hospitalized patients had a higher resistance to antibiotics compared to the other Klebsiella species. …”
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Prevalidation of an ELISA for Detection of a New Clinical Entity: Leishmania donovani-Induced Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Bhagya Deepachandi, Sudath Weerasinghe, Himali Gunathilake, Thisira P. Andrahennadi, Mahendra N. Wickramanayake, Shantha Siri, Vishvanath Chandrasekharan, Preethi Soysa, Yamuna Siriwardana

“…Leishmania donovani, the most virulent and visceralizing parasite, is increasingly reported to cause CL in many countries in the world. …”
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Endophytic colonization of tomato plants by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for controlling the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta by Ana Carolina Loreti Silva, Gerson Adriano Silva, Pedro Henrique Nogueira Abib, Aline Teixeira Carolino, Richard Ian Samuels

“…Following confirmation of virulence, tomato plants were then exposed to conidial suspensions using a forced uptake technique. …”
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The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus by Shanta Barua, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana, M. Asaduzzaman Prodhan, Syeda Hasina Akter, Jully Gogoi-Tiwari, Subir Sarker, Henry Annandale, Debbie Eagles, Sam Abraham, Jasim M. Uddin

“…Several factors contribute to the recent spread of these viruses such as the distribution of virulent strains by the movement of temperature-dependent <i>Culicoides</i> vectors into new areas due to rapid climate change, the reassortment of viral strains during mixed infections, and unrestricted global trade. …”
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Bacteriophage and Phage-Encoded Depolymerase Exhibit Antibacterial Activity Against K9-Type <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Mouse Sepsis and Burn Skin Infection Models by Alexander I. Borzilov, Nikolay V. Volozhantsev, Olga V. Korobova, Lyubov V. Kolupaeva, Evgenia S. Pereskokova, Tatiana I. Kombarova, Mikhail M. Shneider, Konstantin A. Miroshnikov, Ivan A. Dyatlov, Anastasia V. Popova

“…In this study, the activities of the K9-specific virulent phage AM24 and phage-encoded depolymerase DepAPK09 were assessed using in vivo mouse sepsis and burn skin infection models. …”
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Four Novel <i>Caudoviricetes</i> Bacteriophages Isolated from Baltic Sea Water Infect Colonizers of <i>Aurelia aurita</i> by Melissa Stante, Nancy Weiland-Bräuer, Urska Repnik, Almut Werner, Marc Bramkamp, Cynthia M. Chibani, Ruth A. Schmitz

“…Here, we aimed to isolate virulent phages targeting bacteria that are part of the <i>A. aurita</i>-associated microbiota. …”
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Physical Inactivation of Monodon Baculovirus (Mbv), a Pathogenic Virus of Tiger Prawn (Penaeus Monodon Fab.) by M. Alifuddin

“…Transmission trial showed that infection occured 6 hours post inoculation and inclusion bodies were detected at day 5th; showed the virus lost their infectivities or virulent since no inclusion t Ddies as indicator for MBV infection were detected on hepatopancreas of shrimp test. …”
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The Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and the Role of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of Infections by Mohamed, Moubarak, Keneth Iceland, Kasozi, Helal F., Hetta, Hazem M., Shaheen, Abdur, Rauf, Hayder M., Al-kuraishy, Safaa, Qusti, Eida M., Alshammari, Emmanuel Tiyo, Ayikobua, Fred, Ssempijja, Adam Moyosore, Afodun, Ritah, Kenganzi, Ibe Michael, Usman, Juma John, Ochieng, Lawrence Obado, Osuwat, Kevin, Matama, Ali I., Al-Gareeb, Emmanuel, Kairania, Monica, Musenero, Susan, Christina Welburn, Gaber, El-Saber Batiha

“…The emergence of more virulent variants of SARS-Cov-2 remains challenging for effective disease control during this pandemic. …”
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Invariant Natural Killer T Cells as Key Players in Host Resistance against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by Joes Nogueira-Neto, Flavio V. Loures, Alessandra S. Schanoski, David A. G. Andrade, Michelangelo B. Gonzatti, Tania A. Costa, Bruno C. Vivanco, Patrícia Xander, Daniela S. Rosa, Vera L. G. Calich, Alexandre C. Keller

“…To determine whether iNKT cells contribute in vivo to host resistance against P. brasiliensis infection, we infected intratracheally wild-type and Jα18-/- C57BL/6 mouse strains with the virulent Pb18 isolate. iNKT cell deficiency impaired the airway acute inflammatory response, resulting in decreased airway neutrophilia and reduced IFN-γ, KC, and nitric oxide (NO) production. …”
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