The prevalence and immune response to coinfection by avian haemosporidians in wild Eurasian blackbirds Turdus merula by Ellie Lebeau, Jenny C. Dunn

“…This could be due to long-term host–parasite coevolution, which has decreased infection virulence, or a consequence of reduced costs associated with chronic infections compared to acute infections. …”
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The Strategies Used by Animal Viruses to Antagonize Host Antiviral Innate Immunity: New Clues for Developing Live Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs) by Na Chen, Baoge Zhang

“…A summary of viral antagonistic mechanisms might provide a new theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of animal viruses and developing LAVs based on antagonistic mechanisms and viral virulence factors.…”
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Why Does Pnemococcus Kill? by Yves Bergeron, Michel G Bergeron

“…This paper reviews the major bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis steps that characterize fatal pneumococcal pneumonia, with a focus on the inflammation that was observed from the initial infection to death in an experimental murine pneumonia model. …”
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An insight into the genome-wide analysis of bacterial defense mechanisms in a uropathogenic Morganella morganii isolate from Bangladesh. by Syed Muktadir Al Sium, Barna Goswami, Sanjana Fatema Chowdhury, Showti Raheel Naser, Mihir Kanti Sarkar, Md Jobaid Faruq, Md Ahashan Habib, Shahina Akter, Tanjina Akhtar Banu, Md Murshed Hasan Sarkar, Md Salim Khan

“…The beta-lactam resistance gene blaDHA was found using antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene analysis across three databases. The virulence genes kdsA and cheY, which may be involved in chemotaxis and lipopolysaccharide production, were also available in the isolate, suggesting its high pathogenicity. …”
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Development and characterization of a reverse genetics system for the lineage II Chicava strain of Machupo virus in a guinea pig model. by Emily Mantlo, Junki Maruyama, John T Manning, Rachel A Reyna, Cheng Huang, Slobodan Paessler

“…We characterized the multiplication kinetics of rMACV-Chicava in African green monkey kidney epithelial Vero cells, followed by determining the virulence phenotype in outbred Hartley guinea pigs.…”
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Healthcare-associated infections caused by Candida spp. in critical infants: a look at environmental surfaces by Priscila Guerino Vilela, Isadora Caixeta da Silveira Ferreira, Ralciane de Paula Menezes, Mário Paulo Amante Penatti, Reginaldo dos Santos Pedroso, Denise Von Dolinger de Brito Röder

“…Biofilm was the only virulence factor produced by all nine isolates. Molecular analysis revealed high similarity between one environmental isolate and one clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. …”
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Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae have better clinical outcomes than classical Klebsiella pneumoniae for lower respiratory tract infection patients by Xianxia Zhuo, Zichen Lei, Danni Pu, Yongli Wu, Jiankang Zhao, Bin Cao

“…All these strains underwent annotation for resistance and virulence factors, with 141 strains undergoing mouse infection experiments to assess their virulence. …”
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Microbiota Associated with Infections of the Jaws by Elerson Gaetti-Jardim, Luis Fernando Landucci, Kathlenn Liezbeth de Oliveira, Iracy Costa, Robson Varlei Ranieri, Ana Cláudia Okamoto, Christiane Marie Schweitzer

“…This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.…”
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Regulation of Apoptosis in African Swine Fever Virus–Infected Macrophages by Laslo Zsak, John G. Neilan

“…Here we review the present knowledge of the recently identified ASFV genes with special attention to those which affect viral virulence, host range, and pathogenesis by regulating viral-induced apoptotic mechanisms.…”
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Pathogenicity, Host Responses and Implications for Management of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection by Nathan K Ho, Aleah C Henry, Kathene Johnson-Henry, Philip M Sherman

“…The present review focuses on the history, epidemiology and evolution of the pathogen; provides a mechanistic overview of major virulence factors (including Shiga toxins, locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island and pO157 plasmid); discusses host immune responses to infection; considers available animal models; and provides an overview of current and potential future management considerations.…”
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The dangerous biology of pathogenic germs by Berche, Patrick

“…The convergence of biotechnologies with other disciplines, including computer science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), may make it possible to carry out dangerous genetic manipulations on pathogenic germs, as the gain-of-function experiments exacerbating virulence, as those carried out on myxoviruses and coronaviruses. …”
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Pulmonary Nocardiosis in an Immunocompetent Patient with Cystic Fibrosis by Lucy Schoen, Jonathan D. Santoro, Carlos Milla, Sumit Bhargava

“…Nocardia spp. are bacteria of low virulence that cause infection classically in immunocompromised hosts with the lungs as the primary site of infection in the majority of cases. …”
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Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the Gastric Mucosa by Marguerite Clyne, Brendan Drumm

“…The mechanism by which H pylori causes disease has not yet been elucidated but adherence to the gastric mucosa is thought to be an important virulence determinant of the organism. What is known about adherence of H pylori to the gastric mucosa is summarized. …”
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Distribution of sasX, mupA, and qacA/B genes and determination of genetic relatedness of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bloodstream in... by Rui Zhao, Bingyu Du, Lingling Hu, Chenxi Li, Fen Xue, Xing Wang, Changhong Jiang, Jinghua Wang, Yanfeng Zhao

“…IntroductionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exhibits diverse genotypes with varying virulence and resistance profiles, particularly in the context of bloodstream infections (BSI). …”
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Prevalence and Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes Clinical Isolates from Different Hospitals and Clinics in Mansoura by Zeinab M. Helal, Dina E. Rizk, Mohamed M. Adel El-Sokkary, Ramadan Hassan

“…Different isolates were typed serotypically and genotypically by BOX-PCR. Different virulence factors were identified in S. pyogenes isolates. …”
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Pretreatment with serine protease inhibitors impairs Leishmania amazonensis survival on macrophages by Patrícia de Almeida Machado, Pollyanna Stephanie Gomes, Elaine Soares Coimbra, Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes

“…Serine proteases emerge as important virulence factors in the Leishmania genus, as they participate in important processes involved in their infectivity, virulence, and survival. …”
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Flow cytometry sorting of cells infected with African swine fever virus by A. S. Pershin, I. V. Shevchenko, T. N. Komova, A. Mazloum, N. N. Vlasova, E. O. Morozova, A. S. Igolkin, K. N. Gruzdev

“…The use of attenuated virus variants enables a thorough  investigation of the factors influencing the virulence of African swine fever virus and the immune  response  to it. …”
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Global asymptotic properties of staged models with multiple progression pathways for infectious diseases by Andrey V. Melnik, Andrei Korobeinikov

“…For example, these models reflect cases when there is considerable difference in virulence, or when only a part of the infected individuals undergoes a treatment whereas the rest remains untreated. …”
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Genome-wide association study analysis of single nucleotide variants in L. infantum associated with IL-6 inflammatory response in visceral leishmaniasis by Amanda Miranda da Silva, Kátia Silene Sousa Carvalho, Caio Andrey Bezerra Januário, Raquel Gomes de Sena Carneiro Caldas, Bianka Lopes da Silva Paulino, Débora Cavalcante Braz, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Gabriel da Luz Wallau, Wilson Jose da Silva Junior, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa

“…The clinical manifestations of VL vary among patients, influenced by host factors and the virulence of the Leishmania infantum parasite. Considering that severe VL may result from an exaggerated inflammatory response, this study investigated whether IL-6 could serve as a biomarker to identify pro-inflammatory virulence factors. …”
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High-quality draft genome and characterization of commercially potent probiotic strains by Ayesha Sulthana, Suvarna G. Lakshmi, Ratna Sudha Madempudi

“…The genomic analysis of all the strains confirmed the absence of genes encoding putative virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the plasmids.…”
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