Live Plague Vaccine Development: Past, Present, and Future by Andrey P. Anisimov, Anastasia S. Vagaiskaya, Alexandra S. Trunyakova, Svetlana V. Dentovskaya

“…In this review, we present our opinion on reasonable tactics for the development and application of live, safe, and protective human plague vaccines causing an enhanced duration of protection and breadth of action against various virulent strains in vaccination studies representing different ages, genders, and nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes responsible for immune response.…”
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Phytosynthesized Nanoparticles as Novel Antifungal Agent for Sustainable Agriculture: A Mechanistic Approach, Current Advances, and Future Directions by Javeria Parveen, Tahira Sultana, Abeer Kazmi, Khafsa Malik, Abd Ullah, Amir Ali, Bushra Qayyum, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani, Saif Ur Rehman

“…Due to rapidly changing environmental conditions, virulent pathogens have arisen continuously that invades the crops and badly affects their yield and quality of the cash crops which results in economic losses. …”
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Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity Factors Related to Gastric Cancer by Kianoosh Dadashzadeh, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Akyala Ishaku Adamu

“…Our results show an elevated prevalence of infection with H. pylori strains carrying known virulence genotypes with high genetic diversity. This highlights the importance of identifying gene variants for an early detection of virulent genotypes.…”
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Non-albicans Candida Infection: An Emerging Threat by Sachin C. Deorukhkar, Santosh Saini, Stephen Mathew

“…Fungi once considered as nonpathogenic or less virulent are now recognized as a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and severely ill patients. …”
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Traffic Control of Bacteria-Derived Molecules: A New System of Host-Bacterial Crosstalk by Hiroaki Konishi, Mikihiro Fujiya, Yutaka Kohgo

“…Virulent microorganisms, such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses, are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain proteins (NODs), and induce inflammatory responses in mammalian hosts. …”
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Co-Infection of <i>Culex tarsalis</i> Mosquitoes with Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Strains Results in Efficient Viral Reassortment by Emma K. Harris, Velmurugan Balaraman, Cassidy C. Keating, Chester McDowell, J. Brian Kimble, Alina De La Mota-Peynado, Erin M. Borland, Barbara Graham, William C. Wilson, Juergen A. Richt, Rebekah C. Kading, Natasha N. Gaudreault

“…Cells derived from <i>Cx. tarsalis</i> or adult mosquitoes were co-infected with either two virulent (Kenya-128B-15 and SA01-1322) or a virulent and attenuated (Kenya-128B-15 and MP-12) strain of RVFV. …”
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Diaporthaceae associated with root and crown rot of maize by S.C. Lamprecht, P.W. Crous, J.Z. Groenewald, Y.T. Tewoldemedhin, W.F.O. Marasas

“…Based on these results, P. ambiguum was shown to be a primary pathogen of maize, but to be less virulent than the positive control, S. maydis. Furthermore, to clarify the higher-level phylogeny of these fungal genera, isolates were subjected to DNA sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS & LSU). …”
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Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Glycoprotein Interaction with HVEM Influences Virus-Specific Recall Cellular Responses at the Mucosa by Sarah J. Kopp, Christopher S. Storti, William J. Muller

“…Mice were primed with attenuated HSV-2 expressing wild-type gD or mutant gD unable to engage HVEM and challenged 32 days later with virulent HSV-2 expressing wild-type gD. HSV-specific CD8+ T cells were decreased at the genital mucosa during the recall response after priming with virus unable to engage HVEM but did not differ in draining lymph nodes. …”
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Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-1 and -2 Play No Role in Controlling Brucella abortus Infection in Mice by Fernanda S. Oliveira, Natalia B. Carvalho, Dario S. Zamboni, Sergio C. Oliveira

“…However, NOD1, NOD2, and Rip2 knockout mice were no more susceptible to infection with virulent B. abortus than wild-type mice. Additionally, spleen cells from NOD1-, NOD2-, and Rip2-deficient mice showed unaltered production of IFN-γ compared to C57BL/6 mice. …”
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Diversity of Fungi Associated with Atta bisphaerica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The Activity of Aspergillus ochraceus and Beauveria bassiana by Myriam M. R. Ribeiro, Karina D. Amaral, Vanessa E. Seide, Bressane M. R. Souza, Terezinha M. C. Della Lucia, Maria Catarina M. Kasuya, Danival J. de Souza

“…The two species were highly virulent, achieving 50 percent worker mortality within 4-5 days. …”
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STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION IN DOGS (DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION) by V. B. Rudenko, P. A. Rudenko, S. G. Semushina, I. A. Pakhomova

“…Staphylococcal infection in dogs is an infectious disease caused primarily by staphylococcus virulent strains, characterized by various clinical forms, and it affects the dogs having defects in their immune system. …”
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Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes in Dairy Products with Reduction Trials Using Rosmarinic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Clove, and Thyme Essential Oils by Mahmoud Elafify, Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy, Rasha Samir Mohamed, Esraa A. Mohamed, Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin, Wageh Sobhy Darwish, Essam Hassan Eldrehmy, Radwa Reda Shata

“…Molecular analysis revealed that 86.67% of L. monocytogenes harbored hylA virulent gene. Use of rosmarinic acid, ascorbic acid, thyme, and clove essential oils significantly (P<0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes growth in soft cheese—artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes throughout a 4-week incubation period. …”
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Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit of an Influenza Vaccination Program for Health Care Workers by Annalee Yassi, Joel Kettner, Greg Hammond, Mary Cheang, Myrna McGill

“…Absenteeism among high risk hospital workers was increased by 35% (P=0.001) during the virulent influenza epidemic of 1987–88. Benefits, measured as the value of sick time avoided, compared with costs, including materials, occupational nursing staff time, employee time during vaccination, and time lost due to adverse reactions, revealed a net benefit of $39.23 per vaccinated employee. …”
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Effect of innate and induced immunity on infectious bursal disease pathogenesis by A. N. Semina

“…Infection with highly virulent virus strain or chicks’ infection at early age after recovery or subclinical infection results in immunosuppression with more severe consequences. …”
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IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF CANINE PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS by A. V. Shatalov, S. P. Dannikov, A. N. Kononov, V. S. Skripkin

“…Contemporary vaccines based on NL-35-D CPV-2 strain confer the full protection from other virulent strains of canine parvovirus type 2.…”
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The Symptom and Genetic Diversity of Cassava Brown Streak Viruses Infecting Cassava in East Africa by I. U. Mohammed, M. M. Abarshi, B. Muli, R. J. Hillocks, M. N. Maruthi

“…These results were further confirmed by the mechanical inoculation of 13 herbaceous hosts in which the virulent isolates caused plant death in Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana whereas the milder isolates did not. …”
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Progress in Oral Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Its Main Wildlife Reservoir in Iberia, the Eurasian Wild Boar by Beatriz Beltrán-Beck, Cristina Ballesteros, Joaquín Vicente, José de la Fuente, Christian Gortázar

“…Oral vaccination with BCG in captive wild boar has shown to be safe with significant levels of protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. An oral vaccination with a new heat-killed M. bovis vaccine conferred a protection similar to BCG. …”
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Isolation and Characterization of 89K Pathogenicity Island-Positive ST-7 Strains of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 from Healthy Pigs, Northeast China by Shujie Wang, Peng Liu, Chunyu Li, Yafang Tan, Xuehui Cai, Dongsheng Zhou, Yongqiang Jiang

“…Data presented here showed that the virulent serotypes 1, 2, 7, and 9 of S. suis could be steadily isolated from the healthy pigs in the pig farms in all the three provinces of Northeast China. …”
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Recurrent Multivalvular Staphylococcus Lugdunensis Endocarditis Causing Complete Heart Block after TAVR by Preeti Singhal, Somsupha Kanjanauthai, Wilson Kwan

“…Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an unusual but virulent organism that may damage both native and prosthetic valves. …”
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A Rare Case of Proximal Junctional Failure with Delayed Infection after Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Report of Two Cases by Takuro Iwami, Mitsuru Yagi, Eijiro Okada, Satoshi Suzuki, Satoshi Nori, Osahiko Tsuji, Narihito Nagoshi, Kota Watanabe, Nobuyuki Fujita, Masaya Nakamura, Morio Matsumoto

“…Since the delayed infections developed not in the fused segments but in the adjacent vertebra, the cause of the first case can be speculated as stimulation of low-virulent organisms to fester and hematogenous seeding and that of the second case as metal fretting and a sterile inflammatory response causing hematogenous microbial seeding, respectively. …”
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