Parasitological, Hematological, and Immunological Response of Experimentally Infected Sheep with Venezuelan Isolates of Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma equiperdum, and Trypanosoma... by Nereida Parra-Gimenez, Armando Reyna-Bello

“…In order to evaluate the parasitological, hematological, and serological response of sheep infected with T. vivax, T. evansi, and T. equiperdum, four female sheep were experimentally infected with Venezuelan trypanosome field isolates: two T. evansi of differing virulences, one T. equiperdum; one T. vivax. Parasitemia and clinical parameters such as hematocrit, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and body temperature were measured. …”
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Recurrent Multivalvular Staphylococcus Lugdunensis Endocarditis Causing Complete Heart Block after TAVR by Preeti Singhal, Somsupha Kanjanauthai, Wilson Kwan

“…Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an unusual but virulent organism that may damage both native and prosthetic valves. …”
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In-silico formulation of a next-generation polyvalent vaccine against multiple strains of monkeypox virus and other related poxviruses. by Abu Tayab Moin, Nurul Amin Rani, Rajesh B Patil, Tanjin Barketullah Robin, Md Asad Ullah, Zahidur Rahim, Md Foyzur Rahman, Talha Zubair, Mohabbat Hossain, A K M Moniruzzaman Mollah, Nurul Absar, Mahboob Hossain, Mohammed Abul Manchur, Nazneen Naher Islam

“…This study utilized a reverse vaccinology approach to retrieve conserved epitopes for monkeypox virus and construct a vaccine that could provide cross-protection against related viruses with similar antigenic properties. The selected virulent proteins of monkeypox virus, MPXVgp165, and Virion core protein P4a, were subjected to epitope mapping for vaccine construction. …”
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Homeopathic Treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Infected with Pseudomonas syringae by Devika Shah-Rossi, Peter Heusser, Stephan Baumgartner

“…We investigated the potential of a common plant-pathogen system, Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, regarding its response towards a homeopathic treatment. …”
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of a <i>NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 1</i> Homolog Alters the Production of Strigolactones in Sunflower Roots by Maria A. Lebedeva, Maria S. Gancheva, Maksim R. Losev, Sofia V. Sokornova, Oleg S. Yuzikhin, Anna A. Krutikova, Kirill V. Plemyashov, Lyudmila A. Lutova

“…However, the selection of new resistant sunflower varieties was accompanied by the emergence of new virulent races of broomrape, which overcame the effect of resistance genes. …”
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Potato resistance to quarantine diseases by A. V. Khiutti, O. Yu. Antonova, N. V. Mironenko, T. A. Gavrilenko, O. S. Afanasenko

“…Cultivation of cultivars poorly susceptible to PGN can stimulate the adaptive variability of the pathogen and induce virulent pathotypes for 2–3 pathogen generations.…”
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Low-Level Zoonotic Transmission of Clade C MERS-CoV in Africa: Insights from Scoping Review and Cohort Studies in Hospital and Community Settings by Andrew Karani, Cynthia Ombok, Silvia Situma, Robert Breiman, Marianne Mureithi, Walter Jaoko, M. Kariuki Njenga, Isaac Ngere

“…Ongoing research focuses on genomic comparisons between clade C and the more virulent clades A and B, alongside the surveillance of viral evolution. …”
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The Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Protein and Antibodies of Clostridium perfringens Beta2 Toxin by Jin Zeng, Fuyang Song, Yi Yang, Chenjie Ma, Guangcun Deng, Yong Li, Yujiong Wang, Xiaoming Liu

“…Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) beta2 toxin (CPB2) is an important virulent factor of necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. …”
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Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) in a 13-Year-Old Ethiopian Girl with Autosomal Dominant Interferon Gamma Receptor 1(IFN-γ R1) Defect: A Clinical Diagnosti... by Netsanet Azene Gebeyehu, Solomie Jebessa Deribessa, Freeman Alexandra, Messay Tesfaye Demissie, W Mihretu Gebre, Aklilu Melaku Gebremariam, Dagmawit Mitiku Engliz, Tizita Yosef Kidane, Lidya Million Bekele, Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik

“…MSMD is characterized by vulnerability to less virulent mycobacteria, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains, as well as environmental mycobacteria (EM). …”
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NERVE 2.0: boosting the new enhanced reverse vaccinology environment via artificial intelligence and a user-friendly web interface by Andrea Conte, Nicola Gulmini, Francesco Costa, Matteo Cartura, Felix Bröhl, Francesco Patanè, Francesco Filippini

“…Along with two newly built AI (Artificial Intelligence)-based models: ESPAAN and Virulent. To improve user-friendliness, NERVE was shifted to a tutored, web-based interface, with a noSQL-database to consent the user to submit, obtain and retrieve analysis results at any moment. …”
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ANTIGENIC AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED VIRUS VACCINE AGAINST SHEEP POX, GOAT POX AND PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS by A. V. Konstantinov, S. K. Starov, V. I. Diev, N. V. Moroz, E. V. Kurnenkova, D. K. Basova, A. V. Kononov, K. Yu. Fedoseyev, V. P. Melnikov

“…The vaccination induced high level of virus neutralizing antibodies against each of the above listed diseases and ensured formation of strong immunity tat is supported by the results of tallenge of sheep with virulent sheep pox virus (“Afghanistan” strain). In 14 and 21 days in blood of sheep immunized with the virus vaccine against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts titres of antibodies against sheep pox virus ((4.17±0.12)-(4.84±0.31)) and PPR ((5.92±0.23)-(6.08±0.23)) were higher as compared to goat pox antibody titres ((1.99±0.89)-(3.53±0.58) log2). …”
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ANTIGENIC AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL ASSOCIATED VIRUS VACCINE AGAINST SHEEP POX AND GOAT POX by A. V. Konstantinov, S. K. Starov, V. I. Diev, N. V. Moroz, E. V. Kurnenkova, D. К. Basova, А. V. Kononov, K. Yu. Fedoseyev

“…All sheep immunized with the monovalent vaccine against sheep and goat pox and associated virus vaccines, resisted the disease when challenged with a virulent sheep pox virus “Afghanistan” strain. Three sheep vaccinated with a monovalent vaccine against goat pox demonstrated a large local reaction, one sheep was diagnosed with generalized form of sheep pox.…”
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Field apple scab susceptibility of a diverse Malus germplasm collection identifies potential sources of resistance for apple breeding by David Papp, Liqiang Gao, Ranjita Thapa, Dan Olmstead, Awais Khan

“…We also screened a differential host set for 2 years to monitor for changes in the effectiveness of ten known scab resistance genes, which allowed us to confirm the presence of virulent pathogen races in the orchard. Results We found that ~ 37% of the wild Malus accessions and domesticated cultivars were resistant to apple scab in the field. …”
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Properties of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates by V. А. Evgrafova, О. V. Pruntova, N. B. Shadrova, А. М. Timina

“…Isolate No. 4 belonging to serotype 5 was found to be the most virulent out of tested isolates. Thus, LD50 was 4.19 lg microbial cells for white mice and 5.49 lg microbial cells for piglets that was consistent to the data of other authors carried out tests of actinobaccilli isolated in the Russian Federation for their pathogenicity. …”
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Results of scientific expedition to natural biotopes of the Republic of Tyva in 2019 with the purpose of infectious disease monitoring in wild bird populations by M. S. Volkov, V. N. Irza, A. V. Varkentin, S. V. Rogolyov, A. V. Andriyasov

“…Notwithstanding the absence of AIV very virulent isolate detections in wild bird populations the middle term prognosis for 2020 can be designated as cautious, as the avian influenza epidemic situation is deteriorating globally, especially in the European countries, and the threat of the virus introduction to the Russian territory with migratory birds still exists.…”
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Prophage-DB: a comprehensive database to explore diversity, distribution, and ecology of prophages by Etan Dieppa-Colón, Cody Martin, James C. Kosmopoulos, Karthik Anantharaman

“…Phages are classified as virulent or temperate based on their life cycles. Temperate phages adopt the lysogenic mode of infection, where the genome integrates into the host cell genome forming a prophage. …”
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Use of “ARRIAH-AviFluVac” vaccine in turkeys, geese and ducks by N. V. Moroz, S. V. Frolov, V. N. Irza, L. O. Scherbakova, V. Yu. Kulakov

“…The vaccine facilitated 9–26-fold decrease in the virulent virus shedding by the ducks. Protection of turkeys vaccinated at the dose of 1.0 cm3 was maintained at the level of 87.5% after challenge with high pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b. …”
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Marek's disease virus-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in viral replication and MDV-1/Md5-induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. by Chenyi Bao, Jun Chu, Qi Gao, Shasha Yang, Xiaoyu Gao, Wenwen Chen, Fuchun Yang, Fei Jiang, Chenxi Tong, Mingyi Lei, Linlin Jiao, Jitong Li, Kexin Wei, Xue Lian, Kai Li, Suresh Kumar Tikoo, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Lorne A Babiuk, Yufeng Li, Yong-Sam Jung, Yingjuan Qian

“…To this end, an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) harboring the complete genome of the MDV-1 very virulent strain Md5 was generated, and the rescued rMd5 maintained biological properties similar to the parental virus both in vitro and in vivo. …”
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<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> strain differentiation based on SNP and VNTR loci by E. A. Anisimova, N. A. Fakhrutdinov, D. A. Mirgazov, E. A. Dodonova, I. A. Elizarova, M. E. Gorbunova, N. I. Khammadov, L. I. Zainullin, K. A. Osyanin

“…It was found that the studied virulent strains, except for B. anthracis No. 1 and 3, could not be attributed to any phylogenetic subgroup of the anthrax agents. …”
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Invariant Natural Killer T Cells as Key Players in Host Resistance against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by Joes Nogueira-Neto, Flavio V. Loures, Alessandra S. Schanoski, David A. G. Andrade, Michelangelo B. Gonzatti, Tania A. Costa, Bruno C. Vivanco, Patrícia Xander, Daniela S. Rosa, Vera L. G. Calich, Alexandre C. Keller

“…To determine whether iNKT cells contribute in vivo to host resistance against P. brasiliensis infection, we infected intratracheally wild-type and Jα18-/- C57BL/6 mouse strains with the virulent Pb18 isolate. iNKT cell deficiency impaired the airway acute inflammatory response, resulting in decreased airway neutrophilia and reduced IFN-γ, KC, and nitric oxide (NO) production. …”
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