Diagnostics and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease: Guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological association by V. T. Ivashkin, N. D. Yushchuk, I. V. Mayev, Tatyana L Lapina, Ye. A. Poluektova, O. S. Shifrin, A. S. Tertychny, A. S. Trukhmanov, A. A. Sheptulin, Ye. K. Baranskaya, O. S. Lyashenko, K. V. Ivashkin

“…C. difficile toxins A and B are major virulence factors causing damage of intestinal wall and inflammation due to damage of intestinal epithelial barrier, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and a necrosis of epithelial cells. …”
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Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from soil under organic carrot farming by Maciej Nowak, Zbigniew Paluszak, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda, Anna Budzyńska, Joanna Skonieczna-Kurpiel, Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska, Monika Huse-Kutowska, Krzysztof Skowron

“…These rods can vary in phenotypic characteristics and virulence levels.DiscussionThe research conducted allows to draw attention to the occurrence of pathogens, including L. monocytogenes in crops from organic farming. …”
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Population genetic analysis of clinical Mycobacterium abscessus complex strains in China by Xiangchen Li, Xiangchen Li, Yelei Zhu, Yewei Lu, Kunyang Wu, Yang Che, Xiaomeng Wang, Weixin Wang, Junli Gao, Junshun Gao, Zhengwei Liu, Zhengwei Liu, Zhuxian Zhou

“…Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as prophages and genomic islands, were prevalent across all genomes. 139 to 151 virulence factors (VFs) were identified per genome, with distinct accessory VFs in MabA and MabM affecting immune modulation and metabolism. …”
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Prevalence of common diarrheagenic enterobacteriaceae in Iran (2000–2023): a systematic review and meta-analysis by Mozhgan Derakhshan-Sefidi, Fereshteh Eidy, Somayyeh Nadi-Ravandi, Sareh Bagheri-Josheghani, Maryam Mirfakhraei

“…Further research should investigate the factors contributing to the prevalence of diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae, including genetic diversity of diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates, molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of these pathogens, or antibiotic resistance patterns.…”
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Stem rust in Western Siberia – race composition and effective resistance genes by V. P. Shamanin, I. V. Pototskaya, S. S. Shepelev, V. E. Pozherukova, E. A. Salina, E. S. Skolotneva, D. Hodson, M. Hovmøller, M. Patpour, A. I. Morgounov

“…A low  frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24,Sr30, and for Altai  population – Sr7b,Sr9b,Sr11,SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. …”
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Genomic and resistome analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from retail markets in Yichun city, China by Xiaowu Jiang, Abubakar Siddique, Li Chen, Lexin Zhu, Haiyang Zhou, Li Na, Chenghao Jia, Yan Li, Min Yue

“…This study reveals the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and virulent strains of Salmonella serovars in the markets of Yichuan city, posing a risk of human infections. …”
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Infectivity in full-term placenta of Zika viruses with different lipid profiles by Eva Mazzetto, Alessio Bortolami, Davide Bovo, Matteo Stocchero, Elisa Mazzacan, Alessandra Napolitan, Valentina Panzarin, Maria Rosa Tran, Gianpiero Zamperin, Adelaide Milani, Andrea Fortin, Michela Bigolaro, Paola Pirillo, Matteo Pagliari, Claudia Zanardello, Giuseppe Giordano, Maria Teresa Gervasi, Eugenio Baraldi, Calogero Terregino, Carlo Giaquinto, Francesco Bonfante

“…In this study, we investigated ZIKV virulence in placental trophoblasts, using viruses with distinct lipid profiles. …”
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Sdd3 regulates the biofilm formation of Candida albicans via the Rho1-PKC-MAPK pathway by Li Mei Pang, Guisheng Zeng, Eve Wai Ling Chow, Xiaoli Xu, Ning Li, Yee Jiun Kok, Shu Chen Chong, Xuezhi Bi, Jiaxin Gao, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Yue Wang

“…As an upstream component of the pathway and lacking a homolog in mammals, Sdd3 has the potential to serve as an antifungal target for biofilm infections.IMPORTANCEThe human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is categorized as a critical priority pathogen on the World Health Organization’s Fungal Priority Pathogens List. A key virulence attribute of this pathogen is its ability to form biofilms on the surfaces of indwelling medical devices. …”
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Phenotypic and Complete Reference Whole Genome Sequence Analyses of Two <i>Paenibacillus</i> spp. Isolates from a Gray Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) Gastrointestinal Tract by Jessika L. Bryant, Jennifer McCabe, C. Cristoph Klews, MiCayla Johnson, Ariel N. Atchley, Thomas W. Cousins, Maya Barnard-Davidson, Kristina M. Smith, Mark R. Ackermann, Michael Netherland, Nur A. Hasan, Peter A. Jordan, Evan S. Forsythe, Patrick N. Ball, Bruce S. Seal

“…The genomes of both bacteria encoded enzymes involved with the metabolism of complex starches and lipids, such as lyases and pectinases, along with encoding antimicrobials such as lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, and cyclic-lactone-autoinducers. No pernicious virulence genes were identified in the WGS of either bacterial isolate. …”
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Within-host evolution of a transcriptional regulator contributes to the establishment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by Ning Zhou, Jingchen Yu, Xujiao Liu, Chengxi Li, Huang Tang, Lin Lyu, Chengwei Wu, Yana Chen, Jian Zhang, Jinjing Ni, Danni Wang, Jing Tao, Wenjuan Wu, Yu Zhang, Yun Feng, Yanjie Chao, Jie Lu, Ping He, Yu-Feng Yao

“…Overall, the mutation in gavR attenuates P. aeruginosa virulence and enhances innate immune evasion by reprogramming pyruvate metabolism and the glyoxylate cycle. …”
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Kloning gen virulen Streptococcus agalactiae sebagai bahan dasar vaksin rekombinan by , Sutanti, Retno Damayanti Soejoedono, Irvan Faizal

“…Mga is DNA-binding protein that activates expression of several important virulence gene, including those encoding M protein (emm), C5a peptidase (SCPA) and mga. …”
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Deciphering the functional roles of PE18 and PPE26 proteins in modulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and immune response by Aquib Ehtram, Mohd Shariq, Neha Quadir, Neha Quadir, Salma Jamal, Manjunath Pichipalli, Sheeba Zarin, Sheeba Zarin, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, Seyed E. Hasnain, Seyed E. Hasnain

“…A crucial factor in Mtb's virulence is the ESX-5 secretion system, which transports PE/PPE proteins such as PE18 and PPE26. …”
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Genomic changes during the evolution of the Coxiella genus along the parasitism-mutualism continuum by Santos-Garcia, Diego, Morel, Olivier, Henri, Hélène, El Filali, Adil, Buysse, Marie, Noël, Valérie, McCoy, Karen D., Gottlieb, Yuval, Klasson, Lisa, Zenner, Lionel, Duron, Olivier, Vavre, Fabrice

“…Results highlight the probably parasitic nature of the common ancestor of the Coxiellaceae. Indeed, the virulence factor Dot/Icm T4 Secretion System is present in most, but not all, Coxiellaceae. …”
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Difference in Antibody Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in Japanese Tuberculosis Patients Infected with the Beijing/Non-Beijing Genotype by Jingge Zhao, Beata Shiratori, Masao Okumura, Hideki Yanai, Makoto Matsumoto, Chie Nakajima, Kazue Mizuno, Kenji Ono, Tetsuya Oda, Haorile Chagan-Yasutan, Yugo Ashino, Takashi Matsuba, Takashi Yoshiyama, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Toshio Hattori

“…The Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), notorious for its virulence and predisposition to relapse, could be identified by spoligotyping based on genetic heterogeneity. …”
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Spatiotemporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-175 gene dimorphism in Ghana by Abraham Y. Kpirikai, Belinda A. Ofosu, Josie N. A. Okai, Victor Kornu, Abdul Rashid Kassim, Esther Donkor, Frederica Malm, Osumanu Ahmed, Mona-Liza E. Sakyi, Samirah Saiid, Albert Yao Kudakpo, Charles Mensah, Francis Dzabeng, Collins Morang’a, Gordon A. Awandare, Yaw Aniweh, Lucas N. Amenga-Etego

“…EBA-175 is known to exist in two dimorphic allelic (F and C) forms with each found to infer different virulence. There is paucity of data on the prevalence of these alleles and their epidemiology in the Ghanaian malaria landscape and hence this study. …”
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Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses from Live Bird Markets (LBM) in Senegal by Mamadou Malado Jallow, Moussa Moise Diagne, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Ndiendé Koba Ndiaye, Davy Evrard Kiori, Marie Pedapa Mendy, Déborah Goudiaby, Gamou Fall, Malick Fall, Ndongo Dia

“…The A/H9N2 strains carried the low pathogenicity RSSR/GLF motif at the HA cleavage site and possessed several key amino acid mutations, including HA-I155T and HA-Q226L, which are associated with human host adaptation, PB2-T105V, PB2-A661T, and PB2-A588V, which are linked to the human-to-human transmission and increased polymerase activity, NS2-T14M, NS2-M100I, NS1-I106M, NS1-V222M, NS1-E223A, NS1-I226V, NS1-E227G, and NS1-P228S, which are known to alter virulence (increased or reduced) in humans or mice, and M2-S31N, which promotes drug resistance. …”
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Co-Infection of <i>Culex tarsalis</i> Mosquitoes with Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Strains Results in Efficient Viral Reassortment by Emma K. Harris, Velmurugan Balaraman, Cassidy C. Keating, Chester McDowell, J. Brian Kimble, Alina De La Mota-Peynado, Erin M. Borland, Barbara Graham, William C. Wilson, Juergen A. Richt, Rebekah C. Kading, Natasha N. Gaudreault

“…Cells derived from <i>Cx. tarsalis</i> or adult mosquitoes were co-infected with either two virulent (Kenya-128B-15 and SA01-1322) or a virulent and attenuated (Kenya-128B-15 and MP-12) strain of RVFV. …”
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Characteristics of the smallest brucellaphage with strong lytic ability by Hongbaiyu Liu, Hongbaiyu Liu, Youhong Zhong, Zhihong Zhang, Kehong Xu, Kehong Xu, Chunpeng Mao, Chunpeng Mao, Qiuju Yang, Lihua Yang, Binbin Yu, Ying Long, Ying Long, Xinyu Qin, Xinyu Qin, Liyuan Shi, Sheng Chang, Yuanying Shen, Peng Wang

“…The Y17 genome spans 38,025 bp with a GC content of 48.2%, making it the smallest genome among brucellaphages to date. It lacks virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogenic genes, indicating its potential as a safe biocontrol agent. …”
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Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022–2023 by Ra Mi Cha, Min-Ji Park, Yoon-Gi Baek, Yu-Na Lee, Yunyueng Jang, Yong-Myung Kang, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Se-Hee An, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Jae-Kyeom Kim, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Youn-Jeong Lee, Eun-Kyoung Lee

“…The 22G1 genotype (A/duck/Korea/H493/2022(H5N1)) caused high virulence and pathogenicity, with a 100 % mortality rate in specific-pathogen-free chickens. …”
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Diversity and Complexity of CTXΦ and Pre-CTXΦ Families in <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> from Seventh Pandemic by Xiaorui Li, Yu Han, Wenxuan Zhao, Yue Xiao, Siyu Huang, Zhenpeng Li, Fenxia Fan, Weili Liang, Biao Kan

“…CTXΦ is a lysogenic filamentous phage that carries the genes encoding cholera toxin (<i>ctxAB</i>), the main virulence factor of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>. The toxigenic conversion of environmental <i>V. cholerae</i> strains through CTXΦ lysogenic infection is crucial for the emergence of new pathogenic clones. …”
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