Prevalence of HDV, HCV, and HIV Infection in the Population of Patients Infected with HBV in a Romanian Cohort by Antoanela Curici, Olivia Mioara Ilie, Dana Elena Mindru

“…Chronic HBV infection was identified in 13.2% of the cohort, with 3.6% testing positive for HBeAg, indicating active viral replication. Co-infection rates were 11.3% for HDV, 1.4% for HCV, and 0.45% for HIV. …”
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The Potential Use of the CRISPR-Cas System for HIV-1 Gene Therapy by Gabriela De Nardi Sanches-da-Silva, Luiza Fonseca Sales Medeiros, Fabio Mitsuo Lima

“…The strategies encompass all steps of the viral infection cycle, from inhibition of cell invasion, through viral replication and integration inhibition, to excision of the latent provirus. …”
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Establishment of Gill-Derived Primary Cell Cultures from Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) as an Alternative Platform for Studying Host–Virus Interactions by Ziwen Wang, Li Nie, Chenjie Fei, Jiong Chen

“…Gill tissues were enzymatically dissociated, and their cells were cultured in M199 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum at 25 °C, yielding optimal growth. Viral replication within these primary cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and further qRT-PCR demonstrated the upregulation of antiviral genes (<i>IFN1</i>, <i>Mx1</i>, <i>ISG15</i>, and <i>Viperin</i>). …”
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The Strategies Used by Animal Viruses to Antagonize Host Antiviral Innate Immunity: New Clues for Developing Live Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs) by Na Chen, Baoge Zhang

“…In addition, viruses also do this by antagonizing host restriction factors targeting the viral replication cycle. Beyond that, viruses may antagonize via regulating apoptosis, metabolic pathways, and stress granule formation. …”
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An XBB.1.5-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine partially protects against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in hamsters by Ryuta Uraki, Mutsumi Ito, Maki Kiso, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Masafumi Endo, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

“…In addition, we found that immunization reduced viral replication in hamster respiratory organs, suggesting protection against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants. …”
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NSm is a critical determinant for bunyavirus transmission between vertebrate and mosquito hosts by Selim Terhzaz, David Kerrigan, Floriane Almire, Agnieszka M. Szemiel, Joseph Hughes, Jean-Philippe Parvy, Massimo Palmarini, Alain Kohl, Xiaohong Shi, Emilie Pondeville

“…Using as experimental system Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and its invertebrate host, Aedes aegypti, we show that NSm is dispensable for viral replication in mosquito cells in vitro but is absolutely required for successful infection in the female mosquito following a blood meal. …”
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Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions by Sara A. Dochnal, Steven P. Cohen, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Yury I. Miller, Tony L. Yaksh

“…These virally induced pain states can arise through direct viral replication within neurons, or indirectly, via immune responses to infection in both the contexts of afferent signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or subsequent higher order integration in intracranial systems. …”
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RIOK1/2 Negatively Regulates the Antiviral Response by Targeting TBK1 in Yellow Catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i>) by Kejun Liu, Jiayang Huang, Yuting Gui, Qian Li, Lei Zhang, Shuting Xiong

“…Our findings reveal that the overexpression of PfRIOK1 and PfRIOK2 led to the decreased expression of IFN-related genes and enhanced viral replication in vitro. Additionally, PfRIOK1 and PfRIOK2 could inhibit PfTBK1-mediated antiviral responses in infected cells. …”
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A Computational Study on Selected Alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: PASS Prediction, Molecular Docking, ADMET Analysis, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations by Md. Golam Mortuza, Md Abul Hasan Roni, Ajoy Kumer, Suvro Biswas, Md. Abu Saleh, Shirmin Islam, Samia Sadaf, Fahmida Akther

“…Here, our main objective is to find potential lead compounds from the retrieved alkaloids with antiviral and other biological properties that selectively target the main SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro), which is required for viral replication. In this work, 252 alkaloids were aligned using Lipinski’s rule of five and their antiviral activity was then assessed. …”
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Comparison of air-liquid interface transwell and airway organoid models for human respiratory virus infection studies by Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Nilima Dinesh Kumar, Rosanne W. Koutstaal, Fan Zhou, Martin Beukema, Joanna Waldock, Simon P. Jochems, Noa Mulder, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Othmar G. Engelhardt, Nathalie Mantel, Kevin P. Buno, Karl Albert Brokstad, Karl Albert Brokstad, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Rebecca J. Cox, Rebecca J. Cox, Barbro N. Melgert, Barbro N. Melgert, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Puck B. van Kasteren

“…We observed similar viral replication kinetics with a &gt;4-log increase in virus titre across all models using a TCID50 assay. …”
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Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system by Eun-Jee Na, Chang-Gi Jeong, Su-Beom Chae, Jae-Ku Oem

“…In this study, changes in viral replication and pathogenicity were investigated, particularly when the S segment of AKAV-7 was mutated using a T7 RNA polymerase-based reverse genetics (RG) system. …”
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Novel cycloviruses identified by mining human blood metagenomic data show close relationship to those from animals by Yuanqing Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Xiaojie Jiang, Yuan Xi, Siqi Wei, Songyi Ning, Wen Zhang, Wen Zhang

“…These proteins are crucial for viral replication and host-cell interaction: the Rep protein is involved in initiating viral genome replication, while the Capsid protein plays a key role in the assembly of new virions and the virus's ability to interact with host immune systems. …”
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Temporal and spatial characterization of keratinocytes supporting orf virus replication by Byung-Joon Seung, Sushil Khatiwada, Daniel L. Rock, Gustavo Delhon

“…This marker profile suggests that keratinocytes supportive of viral replication are engaged in advanced keratinocyte differentiation rather than proliferation.…”
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Post-translational modifications as a key mechanism for herpes simplex virus type I evasion of host innate immunity by Yongxing Zhang, Junlei Xie, Ying Feng, Abdul Qadeer, Shanni Li, Xu Deng, Lipeng Zhu, Bo Kong, Zanxian Xia, Zanxian Xia

“…These modifications are essential for suppressing host innate immunity, facilitating viral replication, and elucidating the crosstalk among various post-translational modifications.…”
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Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors of NS3 Protein of Zika Virus by Maheswata Sahoo, Lingaraja Jena, Sangeeta Daf, Satish Kumar

“…The protease activity of NS3 is necessary for viral replication and its prohibition could be considered as a strategy for treatment of ZIKV infection. …”
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The Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Course of Infections by Justyna Woźniak, Ewelina Kopczyńska, Piotr Kulej, Wiktor Biesiada, Justyna Weronika Kmieć, Anna-Mariia Chernysh, Aleksandra Dusińska, Jakub Waszczyński, Kamila Fuczyło, Karolina Stankevič

“…Zinc also destabilized microbial membranes, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication, including multi-drug-resistant strains. …”
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Structural and free energy landscape analysis for the discovery of antiviral compounds targeting the cap-binding domain of influenza polymerase PB2 by Amr S. Abouzied, Saad Alqarni, Kareem M. Younes, Sanad M. Alanazi, Dana M. Alrsheed, Rawabi K. Alhathal, Bader Huwaimel, Akram M. Elkashlan

“…The polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in the viral replication process, making the CAP-binding domain of PB2 an attractive target for antiviral drug development. …”
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Co-dynamics of hepatitis B and C viruses under the influence of CTL immunity by A.M. Elaiw, GH.S. Alsaadi, A.A. Raezah, A.D. Hobiny

“…Moreover, enhancing the activation rates of CTL immunity increases the population of uninfected hepatocytes and further suppresses viral replication during co-infection. This suggests that certain treatments could be developed to extend the delay period. …”
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Preclinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Δγ134.5 Herpes Simplex Virus Expressing Interleukin-12 for Therapy of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases by James J. Cody, Pietro Scaturro, Alan B. Cantor, G. Yancey Gillespie, Jacqueline N. Parker, James M. Markert

“…Here, we demonstrate the following: both human breast cancer and murine mammary carcinoma cells support viral replication and IL-12 expression from M002; M002 replicates in and destroys breast cancer cells from a variety of histological subtypes, including “triple-negative” and HER2 overexpressing; M002 improves survival in an immunocompetent model more effectively than does a non-cytokine control virus. …”
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<i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity by Eun-Bin Kwon, Buyun Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Sung-Joon Na, Sang Mi Han, Soon Ok Woo, Hong Min Choi, Siwon Moon, Young Soo Kim, Jang-Gi Choi

“…The results suggest that HDH is a potential therapeutic agent inhibiting viral replication and boosting host antiviral immunity.…”
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