The Role of Serum Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Osteodystrophy in Male Cirrhotic Patients by Ali Riza Soylu, Cengiz Tuglu, Ender Arikan, Tarkan Yetisyigit, Hakan Kunduracılar, Ibrahim Hakki Koker, Gulbin Unsal, Ahmet Huseyin Tezel, Hasan Umit, Sakir Berkarda

“…Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar vertebrate and femoral neck. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA method. …”
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Spondylodiscitis Caused by Enterobacter agglomerans by Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera, Mahen Kothalawala, Balachandran Devakanthan, Sinnappoo Arunan, Dinithi Galgamuwa, Manori Rathnayake

“…All over the globe, the incidence of vertebral infection is rising. Nowadays, compared to tuberculous variety, pyogenic spondylodiscitis incidence is high. …”
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Spondylocostal Dysplasia in a 7-Year-Old Sri Lankan Girl Causing Restrictive Lung Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Phirarthana Kamalanathan, Meranthi Fernando, Rohan Jayawardena, A. Upasena, Shaman Rajindrajith, Sachith Mettananda

“…Diagnosis of SCD was made based on classic radiological features including vertebral fusion and rib abnormalities. Spirometry was performed due to small thoracic cavity which showed results compatible with moderate to severe restrictive lung disease. …”
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Bilateral Distal Radius Fractures in a 12-Year-Old Boy after Household Electrical Shock: Case Report and Literature Summary by Norman Stone, Mara Karamitopoulos, David Edelstein, Jenifer Hashem, James Tucci

“…Proximal humerus fractures were most frequent (8 cases), followed by scapula fractures (7 cases), forearm fractures (4 cases), femoral neck fractures (2 cases), and vertebral body fracture (1 case). Eight of the 22 cases were diagnosed days to weeks after the injury. …”
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Potential Extensions of the US FRAX Algorithm by L. Joseph Melton, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Sara J. Achenbach, John A. Kanis, Terry M. Therneau, Helena Johansson, Sundeep Khosla, Shreyasee Amin

“…Furthermore, FRAX predicted asymptomatic vertebral fractures and fractures generally in both sexes. …”
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Chronic Hyperglycemia Modulates Rat Osteoporotic Cortical Bone Microarchitecture into Less Fragile Structures by Cristina de Mello-Sampayo, Alaíde Alves Agripino, Duarte Stilwell, Bruno Vidal, Ana Luisa Fernando, Beatriz Silva-Lima, Maria Fátima Vaz, Helena Canhão, M. Cristina Marques

“…Blood biomarkers were estimated 60 days postovariectomy. Body weight, vertebral microarchitecture (L4-histomorphometry), femur biomechanical properties (bending tests), tibia ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy), and femur and urinary calcium (atomic absorption) were also evaluated. …”
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Nectar Meals of a Mosquito-Specialist Spider by Josiah O. Kuja, Robert R. Jackson, Godfrey O. Sune, Rebecca N. H. Karanja, Zipporah O. Lagat, Georgina E. Carvell

“…Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider, is known for feeding indirectly on vertebrate blood by actively choosing blood-carrying mosquitoes as prey. …”
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Pipeline embolization device-assisted angioplasty for type II proatlantal intersegmental artery dissection inducing an embolic shower by Li Bao, Li Bao, Zhenguo Pan, Haifeng Ji, Shuang He

“…We present a case of a patient with right type II PPIA dissection inducing an embolic shower, accompanied by left vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and high-resolution magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) showed the aneurysmal dilation of the false lumen in the right PPIA dissection and indicated the high risk of mural thrombosis and dislodgement. …”
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Malignant Lymphoma in the Parasellar Region by Takao Koiso, Hiroyoshi Akutsu, Shingo Takano, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Eiichi Ishikawa, Yasushi Okoshi, Akira Matsumura

“…Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a parasellar mass lesion extending to the upper clivus and another mass lesion with compression fracture of the Th3 vertebral body. Transsphenoidal exploration was performed, and it showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. …”
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Patient-Matched 3-D-Printed Guides for the Insertion of Cervical Pedicle Screws in Tumor Surgery by C.-E. Heyde, G. Osterhoff, Spiegl UJA, A. Völker, N. H. von der Höh, J. S. Jarvers

“…However, pedicle screw insertion in this area is challenging due to the anatomical conditions with a high risk of breaching the small pedicles and violating the vertebral artery or neural structures. Today, several techniques to facilitate screw insertion and to make the procedure safer are used. 3-D-printed patient-matched guides based on a CT reconstruction are a helpful technique which allows to reduce operation time and to improve the safety of pedicle screw insertion at the cervical spine. …”
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Noninvasive Monitoring of Pneumococcal Meningitis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy in an Experimental Mouse Model by Jagath L. Kadurugamuwa, Kshitij Modi, Jun Yu, Kevin P. Francis, Carlos Orihuela, Elaine Tuomanen, Anthony F. Purchio, Pamela R. Contag

“…Bacteria replicated initially at the site of inoculation and spread progressively from the spinal cord to the brain or from the brain down to the cervical part of the spinal column and to the lower vertebral levels. After 24 hr, animals showed strong bioluminescent signals throughout the spinal canal, indicating acute meningitis of the intracranial and intraspinal meninges. …”
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Bio-inspired 3D printing approach for bonding soft and rigid materials through underextrusion by Arman Goshtasbi, Luca Grignaffini, Ali Sadeghi

“…Abstract Vertebrate animals benefit from a combination of rigidity for structural support and softness for adaptation. …”
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Time-Space Translation: A Developmental Principle by A. J. Durston, H. J. Jansen, S. A. Wacker

“…Anterior-posterior positional information for the vertebrate trunk is generated by sequential interactions between a timer in the early nonorganizer mesoderm (NOM) and the Spemann organizer (SO). …”
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Imaging Characterization Lumbar Disk Hernia in Operated patients. by Enrique Hernández Padrón, Félix Dueñas Ros

“…The most common sings observed through spine simple radiography in lumbar area were: decrease of the intervertebral space and arthrosic changes in the vertebral bodies. Myelography was performed in six patients and three of them were positive. …”
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Feeding Patterns and Xenomonitoring of Trypanosomes among Tsetse Flies around the Gashaka-Gumti National Park in Nigeria by Solomon Ngutor Karshima, Idris A. Lawal, Oluseyi Oluyinka Okubanjo

“…The distribution of vertebrate blood meals in tsetse flies varied significantly (p<0.05) and ranged between 6.0% and 45% across hosts. …”
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Assessment of Production and Utilization Practices of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas L.) in Sidama Region, Ethiopia by Miheret Hendebo, Ali Mohammed Ibrahim, Fekadu Gurmu, Hussien Mohammed Beshir

“…This causes the materials to be extensively infested with diseases, insects, and other vertebrate pests. Farmers (54.4%) do not apply inorganic fertilizersassuming that it stimulates more vegetative growth and results in tasteless storage roots. …”
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Delayed Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Dislocation: A Case Report and Literature Review by Fabian Roland Bechet, Pierre Stassen, Dan Scorpie, Thierry Della Siega

“…In our case (a lady who stayed asymptomatic for 13 months before development of cervicobrachialgia), the anterior reduction/arthrodesis was easy, and we did not find any benefit from an additional posterior procedure thanks to a congenital block between C7 and T1 vertebral bodies. This point is nevertheless a matter of debate. …”
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Full Endoscopic Surgery of Bullet Removal of The Spine: A Case Report by Wildan Malik, Nugroho Setyowardoyo

“…The CT scan imaging shown a retained projectile in the pedicle of S1 vertebrae without vascular injury or unstable vertebral fracture. A minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgical technique was applied to remove the bullet in this patient. …”
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Spinal ischemia: the rehabilitation potential. А clinical case by Svetlana I. Tolstaya, Vladimir V. Belopasov, Evgeny V. Chechukhin

“…The reasons for its development can include vascular malfomations, spinal stroke, extra- and intramedullary tumors, compression of the spinal cord in cases of vertebral fractures, intervertebral disc herniations, stenosis of the spinal canal at the cervical segment, medical manipulations and impaired segmental circulation during the anesthesia, lumbar puncture and surgical interventions. …”
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PYROSEQUENCING: ITS POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS OF INHERITED DISEASES IN CATTLE by Н. A. Kirsanova, A. V. Sukhoedova, M. A. Pleskacheva, I. V. Soltynskaya, I. A. Timofeeva, О. V. Prasolova, E. V. Krylova

“…Such mutations are associated with leukocyte adhesion defi ciency, complex vertebral malformation, uridine monophosphate synthetase defi ciency, citrullinemia, spinal muscular atrophy, spinal cord demyelination, Brown Swiss haplotype 2, Weaver syndrome, developmental duplications, α-mannosidosis, dwarfi sm, bovine male subfertility, trombocytopathya, arachnomelia syndrome, hypozincemia-like syndrome. …”
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