Prevalence and Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Under-Five Children in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study by Kefalew Alemayehu, Lemessa Oljira, Melake Demena, Abdi Birhanu, Dasselegn Workineh

“…Therefore, educating mothers/caregivers on diarrheal disease prevention methods, child spacing, regular hand washing practice after disposing child feces, safely disposing liquid waste, and vaccinating all eligible children against measles should be a priority area of intervention for diarrheal disease prevention. …”
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Dynamic Roles of RNA and RNA Epigenetics in HTLV-1 Biology by Emily M. King, Amanda R. Panfil

“…This review will highlight the dynamic roles of known RNA and post-transcriptional RNA epigenetic modifications within HTLV-1 biology, including viral <i>hbz</i>, long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), R-loops, N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modifications, and RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines.…”
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Focused Review: Insight and Updates on COVID-19 from Progress in Microbes and Molecular Biology by Angel Yun-Kuan Thye, Jodi Woan-Fei Law

“…This focused review provides an overview of the published COVID-19 cases, including the first case detected in respective countries, preventive measures implemented, and vaccinations available for some countries, depending on the time it was written. …”
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Differential regulation of the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and of eicosanoids by mast cells in rat airways after antigen challenge by Aryene Goes Trezena, Zilma Lucia da Silva, Ricardo Martins Oliveira-filho, Amilcar Sabino Damazo, Anita Hilda Straus, Helio Kiyoshi Takahashi, Sonia Maria Oliani, Wothan Tavares de Lima

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Helicobacter pylori: Beginning the Second Decade by Ann Matisko, ABR Thomson

“…The Houston meeting was followed by the Tenth World Congresses of Gastroenterology from October 2 to 7, 1994 in Los Angeles, California, again with scores of presentations and posters on topics ranging from the epidemiology of H pylori infection to steps towards the development of a human vaccine. All this was in addition to important new work presented earlier in 1994 in New Orleans during Digestive Diseases Week. …”
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Design and Performance of Solar PV Integrated Domestic Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System by Divya Arputham Selvaraj, Kirubakaran Victor

“…They can also help lifesaving vaccines to reach even the isolated parts of the world. …”
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Chandipura virus: The 2024 resurgence and Gujarat outbreak by Rabin Debnath, Pooja A Chawla

“…Public health initiatives concentrate on vector management and supportive care because there is no particular antiviral medication or vaccine available. Recently, Gujrat has witnessed the biggest outbreak of Chandipura virus in 2024 and it may become a big health concern. …”
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De novo design of protein minibinder agonists of TLR3 by Chloe S. Adams, Hyojin Kim, Abigail E. Burtner, Dong Sun Lee, Craig Dobbins, Cameron Criswell, Brian Coventry, Adri Tran-Pearson, Ho Min Kim, Neil P. King

“…Several nucleic acid-based TLR3 agonists have been explored clinically as vaccine adjuvants in cancer and infectious disease, but present substantial manufacturing and formulation challenges. …”
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Research Progress of Fuzheng Jiedu Huayu Method in Reducing Toxicity and Enhancing Efficacy of Immunotherapy by Yufan CHEN, Sicong LI, Yiyuan CUI, Li FENG

“…Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccine therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and adoptive cell therapy, has made remarkably breakthroughs in the field of oncology. …”
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Different Transcriptional Profiles of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Infected with Distinct Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-... by Nunzia Sanarico, Alessia Colone, Manuela Grassi, Viviana Speranza, Daniela Giovannini, Antonio Ciaramella, Vittorio Colizzi, Francesca Mariani

“…In order to analyze dendritic cells (DCs) activation following infection with different mycobacterial strains, we studied the expression profiles of 165 genes of human monocyte-derived DCs infected with H37Rv, a virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) laboratory strain, CMT97, a clinical MTB isolate, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), Aventis Pasteur, and BCG Japan, both employed as vaccine against tuberculosis. The analysis of the gene expression reveals that, despite a set of genes similarly modulated, DCs response resulted strain dependent. …”
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The 5th Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus: We Are Not Done Yet—Remaining Challenges in Hepatitis C by Nicholas van Buuren, Lorraine Fradette, Jason Grebely, Alexandra King, Mel Krajden, Sonya A. MacParland, Alison Marshall, Sahar Saeed, Joyce Wilson, Marina B. Klein, Selena M. Sagan

“…Comprehensive prevention strategies, including enhanced harm reduction, broader screening, widespread treatment, and vaccine development, are far from being realized. …”
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Expression of Proinflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines via NF-κB and MAPK-Dependent and IFN Regulatory Factor-3-Independent Mechanisms in Human Primary Monocytes Infected by Mycob... by Elena Giacomini, Maria Elena Remoli, Marta Scandurra, Valérie Gafa, Manuela Pardini, Lanfranco Fattorini, Eliana M. Coccia

“…Thus, by inducing a specific cytokine profile, Mtb can influence the immunoregulatory properties of monocytes, which represent important target of novel vaccinal strategies against Mtb infection.…”
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Quinoline and Quinazoline Alkaloids against COVID-19: An In Silico Multitarget Approach by Esraa M. O. A. Ismail, Shaza W. Shantier, Mona S. Mohammed, Hassan H. Musa, Wadah Osman, Ramzi A. Mothana

“…Although, recently, vaccines have been approved for the prevention of COVID-19, there is still an urgent need for the discovery of more efficacious and safer drugs especially from natural sources. …”
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An HPLC-based Assay to Study the Activity of Cyclic Diadenosine Monophosphate (C-di-AMP) Synthase DisA from Mycobacterium smegmatis by Avisek Mahapa, Sudhanshu Gautam, Arti Rathore, Dipankar Chatterji

“…Additionally, c-di-AMP demonstrates potent adjuvant properties, particularly when administered alongside the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine through mucosal routes. Because of its pivotal role in bacterial signaling and host immune response, this molecule has garnered significant interest from the pharmaceutical industry. …”
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Passive Protection of Diabetic Rats with Antisera Specific for the Polysaccharide Portion of the Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Pseudomonas pseudomallei by Larry E Bryan, Sallene Wong, Don E Woods, David AB Dance, W Chaowagul

“…The wide distribution of the polysaccharide antigen among isolates of P pseudomallei used in this study and the protective role of antibody to the conjugated polysaccharide antigen suggest potential as a vaccine.…”
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Optimal control of chikungunya disease: Larvae reduction, treatment and prevention by Djamila Moulay, M. A. Aziz-Alaoui, Hee-Dae Kwon

“…Three main efforts are considered in order to limit the virus transmission. Indeed, there is no vaccine nor specific treatment against chikungunya, that is why the main measures to limit the impact of such epidemic have to be considered. …”
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Lipid Antigens: Revealing the Hidden Players in Adaptive Immune Responses by Tamana Eskandari, Yasamin Eivazzadeh, Fatemeh Khaleghinia, Fatemeh Kashi, Valentyn Oksenych, Dariush Haghmorad

“…These advancements have paved the way for lipid-based vaccines and immunotherapies through the application of nanoparticles and synthetic lipid antigens designed to boost immune responses against cancers and infectious diseases. …”
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Fundamentals and Methods for T- and B-Cell Epitope Prediction by Jose L. Sanchez-Trincado, Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Pedro A. Reche

“…There is great interest in identifying epitopes in antigens for a number of practical reasons, including understanding disease etiology, immune monitoring, developing diagnosis assays, and designing epitope-based vaccines. Epitope identification is costly and time-consuming as it requires experimental screening of large arrays of potential epitope candidates. …”
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The Prospects for the Therapeutic Implications of Genetically Engineered Probiotics by Sayyeda Farwa Mazhar, Muhammad Afzal, Ahmad Almatroudi, Samman Munir, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Maria Rasool, Hammad Raza, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Munir, Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka, Mohsin Khurshid

“…The lactic acid bacilli are predominantly opposite as they already have gained attention owing to their health-promoting benefits and their safety for human consumption; therefore, their use, especially as a delivery agent of vaccines and drugs, is gaining attention. The tailoring of probiotic strains will not only improve the data regarding the probiotic potential of these strains but also clinch the doubts concerning these probiotics. …”
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Virulence and pathogenicity of group B Streptococcus: Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection by Christina J. Megli, Sophia M. Carlin, Elizabeth J. Giacobe, Gideon H. Hillebrand, Thomas A. Hooven

“…We conclude by addressing current efforts in vaccine development, underscoring the need for effective prevention strategies against this pervasive pathogen.…”
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