Letter to the Editor by Michelle Shuel, Raymond SW Tsang

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Determination of FMDV 146S particle concentration by spectrometric method during viral RNA quantification by M. I. Doronin, D. V. Mikhalishin, V. A. Starikov, D. A. Lozovoy, Yu. S. El’kina, A. V. Borisov

“…During FMD vaccine production, special attention is paid to the concentration of 146S particles bearing the critical biological features of FMDV and being the main components that have an effect on vaccine immunogenicity. …”
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Longitudinal Evaluation of Humoral Immunity and Bacterial and Clinical Parameters Reveals That Antigen-Specific Antibodies Suppress Inflammatory Responses in Active Tuberculosis Pa... by Mamiko Niki, Takashi Yoshiyama, Yuji Miyamoto, Masao Okumura, Makoto Niki, Ken-ichi Oinuma, Yukihiro Kaneko, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Yuka Sasaki, Hideo Ogata, Hajime Goto, Shoji Kudoh, Yoshihiko Hoshino

“…A novel tuberculosis vaccine to replace BCG has long been desired. However, recent vaccine trials focused on cell-mediated immunity have failed to produce promising results. …”
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The Application of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Vaccinology by Andrés Noé, Tamsin N. Cargill, Carolyn M. Nielsen, Andrew J. C. Russell, Eleanor Barnes

“…The power of single-cell RNA sequencing offers various opportunities to decipher the immune response to infectious diseases and vaccines. Here, we describe the potential uses of single-cell RNA sequencing methods in prophylactic vaccine development, concentrating on infectious diseases including COVID-19. …”
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Canada’s National Advisory Committee on Immunization: Celebrating 50 Years by Shalini Desai, Shainoor J lsmail, Robert Lerch, Bryna F Warshawsky, Ian Gemmill

“…Vaccines have saved more lives than any other innovation in modern medicine. …”
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Covid-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images and Hybrid Model Recommendation with Convolutional Neural Networks by Furkan Eryılmaz, Hacer Karacan

“…The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged at the end of 2019, continues to be effective. Although various vaccines have been developed, uncertainties remain over vaccine sharing, supply, storage and effect. …”
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Characteristics and clinical significance of immune cells in omental milky spots of patients with gastric cancer by Yasunobu Mano, Yasunobu Mano, Yuka Igarashi, Yuka Igarashi, Keisuke Komori, Keisuke Komori, Itaru Hashimoto, Itaru Hashimoto, Hayato Watanabe, Kosuke Takahashi, Kazuki Kano, Hirohito Fujikawa, Takanobu Yamada, Hidetomo Himuro, Hidetomo Himuro, Taku Kouro, Taku Kouro, Feifei Wei, Feifei Wei, Kayoko Tsuji, Kayoko Tsuji, Shun Horaguchi, Shun Horaguchi, Shun Horaguchi, Mitsuru Komahashi, Mitsuru Komahashi, Mitsuru Komahashi, Takashi Oshima, Tetsuro Sasada, Tetsuro Sasada

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A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Southern Africa, 2014 to 2018 by Elliot Mpolokang Fana, Sununguko Wata Mpoloka, Melvin Leteane, LaToya Seoke, Kelebogile Masoba, Mokganedi Mokopasetso, Aobakwe Rapharing, Tshephang Kabelo, Patricia Made, Joseph Hyera

“…Therefore, the vaccines are still fit-purpose for the control FMD in the region. …”
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The Evolution of Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy against HIV-1 Infection: Improvements and Outlook by Hager Mohamed, Vandana Miller, Stephen R. Jennings, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs

“…Dendritic cells have thus been recognized as a valuable tool in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches and vaccines effective against HIV-1. The advancements in dendritic cell vaccines in cancers have paved the way for applications of this form of immunotherapy to HIV-1 infection. …”
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Development of a Novel Sensor System Based on Magnetic Microspheres to Detect Cardiac Troponin T by Junrong Zhang, Hongxiang Liu, Baofeng Xu, Sijun Huang, Rui Liu, Jinming Zhu, Yi Guo, Li Xu

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Conspiracy theories and COVID-19: Coping mechanism or cognitive dissonance? A longitudinal study by Livio TARCHI, Francesco CHIRICO, Eleonora ROSSI, Emanuele CASSIOLI, Kavita BATRA, Pietro CRESCENZO, Amelia RIZZO, Giovanni CASTELLINI, Valdo RICCA

“…In turn, this belief was also associated with vaccine hesitancy.…”
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Indirect determination of FMDV 146S component concentration in non-inactivated suspension by comparison of graphs of the second derivative for real-time RT-PCR curves by M. I. Doronin, D. V. Mikhalishin, V. A. Starikov, D. A. Lozovoy, A. V. Borisov

“…In the process of industrial production of FMD vaccines, special attention is paid to the number of whole virions, which have the most important biological properties of FMD virus and are the main components that determine the immunogenicity of vaccine preparations. …”
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Rectal mucosal inflammation, microbiome, and wound healing in men who have sex with men who engage in receptive anal intercourse by Vanessa E. Van Doren, Cassie G. Ackerley, Robert A. Arthur, Phillip M. Murray, S. Abigail Smith, Yi-Juan Hu, Colleen F. Kelley

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Advances in Immunotherapy for Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review by Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Miguel Carnero Gregorio, Adriana López-Barcenas, Elena Sánchez-Blanco, Beatriz Sánchez-Blanco, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Brunilda Bardhi, Ardiana Sinani, Roberto Arenas Guzman

“…Several types of vaccines, including peptide, viral, and dendritic cell vaccines, are currently under investigation for the treatment of melanoma. …”
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Enhanced Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication in Nsp4- or Nsp2-Overexpressed Marc-145 Cell Lines by Zhengqin Ye, Zhenbang Zhu, Liangzheng Yu, Zhendong Zhang, Xiangdong Li

“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. The killed PRRSV vaccine has been reported to be safe and could elicit humoral responses. …”
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SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence in routine surveillance patients, healthcare workers and general population in Kita region, Mali: an observational study 2020–2021... by Ulla Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Nigel Klein, Samba O Sow, Camilla Ducker, Elaine Cloutman-Green, Dagmar Alber, Fadima Cheick Haidara, Juho Luoma, Laura Adubra, Henry Badji, Fatoumata Diallo, Rikhard Ihamuotila, Owen Martell, Uma U Onwuchekwa, Oumar Samaké, Awa Traore, Kevin Wilson, Yue-Mei Fan

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Genetic Detection of Quinolone Resistance in Haemophilus parainfluenzae: Mutations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of gyrA and parC by Dennis KS Law, Michelle Shuel, Sadjia Bekal, Elizabeth Bryce, Raymond SW Tsang

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Preparation and application of porcine broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in an immunoassay for efficiently detecting neutralizing antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease... by Yimei Cao, Fengjuan Li, Xiangchuan Xing, Huiyan Zhang, QiongQiong Zhao, Pu Sun, Yuanfang Fu, Pinghua Li, Xueqing Ma, Jing Zhang, Zhixun Zhao, Hong yuan, Jian Wang, Tao Wang, Huifang Bao, Xingwen Bai, Dong Li, Qiang Zhang, Kun Li, Zengjun Lu

“…The neutralizing antibody titers in primo-vaccinated animals are directly related to their level of protection against a virus challenge. …”
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Antigen Gene Transfer to Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using Recombinant Adenovirus and Vaccinia Virus Vectors by Hetty J. Bontkes, Janneke J. Ruizendaal, Marco W. J. Schreurs, Duco Kramer, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Erik Hooijberg

“…Recombinant adenoviruses (RAd) and recombinant vaccinia viruses (RVV) expressing tumour-associated antigens (TAA) are used as anti-tumour vaccines. It is important that these vaccines deliver the TAA to dendritic cells (DC) for the induction of a strong immune response. …”
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Divergent Effects of <i>Circoviridae</i> Capsid Proteins on Type I Interferon Signaling by Anon H. Kosaka, Chen-Yu Huang, Zih-Ying Lu, Hua-Zhen Hsing, Amonrat Choonnasard, Rissar Siringo Ringo, Kuo Pin Chuang, Akatsuki Saito

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