Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…This review aims to summarize the most recent knowledge on the function of exosomes in the ocular system in healthy individuals and the role they play during pathological processes of a degenerative, infectious, neurodegenerative, vascular and inflammatory nature, such as keratoconus, keratitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and uveitis. Furthermore, given their unique characteristics, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic agents and their application in clinical ophthalmology are also explored, along with the main limitations that researchers face today in the field.…”
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Unusual Late Onset of Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet Disease by Wai Wai Miller, Demetrios Konstas, Chetan Gandhy, Derrick Robertson

“…Neuro-Behçet disease (NBD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by oral lesions, genital lesions, uveitis, and neurological deficits. If left untreated, it may lead to worsening neurological function and can be fatal. …”
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Palmitoylethanolamide, a Natural Retinoprotectant: Its Putative Relevance for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy by Jan M. Keppel Hesselink, Ciro Costagliola, Josiane Fakhry, David J. Kopsky

“…PEA has been evaluated for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, pathological states based on chronic inflammation, respiratory disorders, and various pain syndromes in a number of clinical trials since the 70s of 20th century. …”
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Outcomes of Vitrectomy in Pediatric Retinal Detachment with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy by Robert Rejdak, Dominika Nowakowska, Katarzyna Wrona, Ryszard Maciejewski, Anselm G. Junemann, Katarzyna Nowomiejska

“…The most common etiology was trauma (57%), the second—myopia (36%) and one case of uveitis (7%). At the day of presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was worse than hand motion (50%); macula was detached in 86% of cases. …”
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Purinergic Receptors in Ocular Inflammation by Ana Guzman-Aranguez, Xavier Gasull, Yolanda Diebold, Jesús Pintor

“…Then, ATP will activate purinergic P2 receptors present in sensory nerve endings, the iris, the ciliary body, or other tissues surrounding the anterior chamber of the eye to produce uveitis/endophthalmitis. In summary, adenosine and nucleotides can activate receptors in ocular structures susceptible to suffer from inflammatory processes. …”
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Graft-repositioning technique using infusion and small bubbles during Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty by Toshiki Shimizu, Itaru Oyakawa, Daisuke Tomida, Hideaki Yokogawa, Akira Kobayashi, Satoru Yamagami, Takahiko Hayashi

“…However, one eye developed recurrent uveitis and required a sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection. …”
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Adalimumab-induced optic neuropathy in a patient with Behçet’s syndrome by Sofia Miranda, Daniel Calado, Joana Rua, Fernando Salvador

“…A 37-year-old woman with a diagnosis of Behçet’s syndrome, treated with colchicine and prednisolone, maintained low disease activity for a period of 10 years, after which, she developed a new episode of anterior uveitis. A cycle of high dose systemic corticosteroids was required but the patient presented with a new flare during dose tapering. …”
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Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in HTLV-1 patients without spastic paraparesis and the association with psychiatric symptoms by Maedeh Kamrani, Narges Niazi Rad, Fariba Zemorshidi, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan

“…Patients with spastic paraparesis, leukemia, and uveitis, and those with an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score higher than 2 were excluded. …”
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Fuchs’ Heterochromic Iridocyclitis in an Italian Tertiary Referral Centre: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Prognosis by Massimo Accorinti, Giovanni Spinucci, Maria Pia Pirraglia, Simone Bruschi, Francesca Romana Pesci, Ludovico Iannetti

“…Results. Average age at uveitis diagnosis was 27.2 years and 18.3% of patients were children. …”
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Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Aspergillosis with Transvitreal Retinochoroidal Biopsy by Krishi Peddada, Nida M. Khan, Jascha Rubin, Haykanush Zakaryan, Yaobin Liu, Nikolay Popnikolov, Roshun Sangani, Weiye Li

“…Transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy can play a role in the diagnosis of a case of posterior uveitis and can be particularly effective in diagnosing a fungal endophthalmitis.…”
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Management and Clinical Outcome of Penetrating Keratoplasty for Long-Term Corneal Changes in Sympathetic Ophthalmia by Saraswathi Ramamurthi, Ebube E. Obi, Gordon N. Dutton, Kanna Ramaesh

“…The grafts remain clear to date, and there has been no recurrence of uveitis or rejection. Conclusion. Penetrating keratoplasty can be considered as a surgical option to restore useful vision in a stable sympathizing eye in sympathetic ophthalmitis, and this depends on the extent of the pathology. …”
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Clinical Profile of Bilateral Optic Neuritis by M. Hidayat

“…Kriteria eksklusi mencakup multiple sclerosis atau myelopathy sebelumnya, kelainan sistemik yang dikenal atau pengobatan yang terkait dengan neuropati optik, uveitis, atau neoplasma. Pasien mendapatkan metilprednisolon intravena yang diikuti oleh tappering off metilprednisolon oral. …”
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IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease Presenting as Meningitis and Panuveitis by Maria A. Mavrommatis, Sarah A. Avila, Richard France

“…Exam at that time was consistent with bilateral anterior uveitis for which he was given topical prednisolone and cyclopentolate. …”
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Interleukin-1 as a Common Denominator from Autoinflammatory to Autoimmune Disorders: Premises, Perils, and Perspectives by Giuseppe Lopalco, Luca Cantarini, Antonio Vitale, Florenzo Iannone, Maria Grazia Anelli, Laura Andreozzi, Giovanni Lapadula, Mauro Galeazzi, Donato Rigante

“…An overview of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders, PFAPA syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, uveitis, pericarditis, Behçet’s disease, gout, Sjögren’s syndrome, interstitial lung diseases, and Still’s disease is presented to highlight the fundamental points that interleukin-1 displays in the cryptic interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems.…”
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Human leukocyte Antigen-B*27 allele subtype prevalence and disease association of ankylosing spondylitis among south indian population by Vikram Haridas, Praveenkumar Shetty, M Nirmal Kumar, K C Vasanthakumar, Kiran Haridas, Vitthal Khode, Anil Bargale

“…HLA B27 associated AS patients presented more severe axial manifestations such as bilateral sacroiliitis, erosions, and extra-articular features such as uveitis than non-HLA types. Positivity for HLA B27 allele predicts more severe disease course in South Indian patients with AS, similar to that in other populations. …”
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Assessment of Vascular Change Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A New Theory Explains Central Visual Loss in Behcet’s Disease by Thanapong Somkijrungroj, Sritatath Vongkulsiri, Wijak Kongwattananon, Peranut Chotcomwongse, Sasivarin Luangpitakchumpol, Korrawan Jaisuekul

“…OCTA is an alternative noninvasive method to monitor macular ischemia in Behcet. Behcet’s uveitis affects DCP more than SCP. Decreasing SCP : DCP ratio and decrease FRT correlates with poor visual acuity. …”
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Targeting Endothelial Adhesion Molecule Transcription for Treatment of Inflammatory Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study by Liam M. Ashander, Binoy Appukuttan, Yuefang Ma, Dione Gardner-Stephen, Justine R. Smith

“…Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mediates leukocyte migration across the retinal endothelium in noninfectious posterior uveitis. We observed an increase in the transcription factor, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NF-κB1), in parallel with ICAM-1, in human retinal endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and identified putative binding sites for NF-κB1 within the ICAM-1 regulatory region. …”
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Application of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ophthalmology by Ricardo Salles Cauduro, Caroline do Amaral Ferraz, Maira Saad Ávila Morales, Patricia Novita Garcia, Yara Cristina Lopes, Paulo Henrique Souza, Norma Allemann

“…Clinical diagnosis of anterior segment abnormalities included cornea disease (n=7), congenital anterior segment conditions (n=10), ocular trauma (n=1), anterior segment surgeries (n=2), iridocorneal angle abnormalities (n=4), intermediate uveitis (n=2). The most common OCT findings were corneal hyperreflectivity and thickening (n=15), shallow anterior chamber with iris-lens diaphragm anterior displacement (n=4), atypical corneal curvature (n=4), corneal thinning (n=4), peripheral synechiae with angle closure (n=3), increased anterior chamber depth (n=2), and proximal portion of glaucoma drainage tube (n=2). …”
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Extra-Articular Symptoms in Constellation with Selected Serum Cytokines and Disease Activity in Spondyloarthritis by Hanna Przepiera-Będzak, Katarzyna Fischer, Marek Brzosko

“…Patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) had higher VAS (P=0.0008), BADSDAI (P=0.0001), ASDAS-ESR (P=0.04), CRP (P=0.006), IL-6 (P=0.02), and IL-18 (P=0.03) levels. …”
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Job satisfaction and burnout level analysis among ophthalmologists by Shaimaa Arfeen, Yomna A. Alahmadawy, Amanne F. Esmael, Dalia Khalifa, Abdussalam M. Abdullatif

“…Seventy two percent of participants reported average secondary traumatic stress level, which was highest among cornea and uveitis specialists and lowest among glaucoma specialists (P=0.027). …”
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