Alleviating Tumor Hypoxia and Immunosuppression via Sononeoperfusion: A New Ally for potentiating anti-PD-L1 blockade of solid Tumor by Guoliang Yang, Hui Li, Jiabei Yin, Lei Yao, Jun Yang, Jiawei Tang, You Wu, Meng Zhou, TingTing Luo, Yi Zhang, Jing Zhang, Xuezhi Yang, XiaoXiao Dong, Zheng Liu, Ningshan Li

“…Moreover, the sononeoperfusion effect reduced the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), and decreased the production of immune inhibitory factors like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), chemoattractant chemokines CC-chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), CCL28, adenosine and lactate within tumors. …”
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Associations between TGF-β1 Levels and Markers of Hemolysis, Inflammation, and Tissue Remodeling in Pediatric Sickle Cell Patients by Rayra P. Santiago, Magda O. S. Carvalho, Camylla V. B. Figueiredo, Luciana M. Fiuza, Rodrigo M. Oliveira, Sètondji C. M. A. Yahouédéhou, Valma M. L. Nascimento, Isa M. Lyra, Théo Araujo-Santos, Nívea F. Luz, Milena M. Aleluia, Caroline C. Guarda, Valéria M. Borges, Marilda S. Goncalves

“…Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine with important involvement in biological processes related to the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD), including endothelial and vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and hematopoietic homeostasis. …”
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CD8+T cells and monocytes were associated with brain alterations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with cognitive impairment by Xin Zhang, Zhen Li, Jiahao Ji, Yundong Ma, Guangqiang Sun, Xue Chen, Ling Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yulin Zhang, Yang Zhang

“…The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in a specific brain region of frontal-middle lobe was negatively correlated with the frequencies of non-classical monocytes (nCM) and their subpopulations (CCR2lownCM, CD57lownCM and CD127+nCM), and positively associated with the plasma interleukin 25 and transforming growth factor-α levels. These findings suggest the association between peripheral immunity and the brain abnormalities in PLWH, highlighting a potential role of the immune-brain-cognition axis in the pathogenesis of CI in Chinese PLWH.…”
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Polysaccharides of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Alleviate LPS-Induced Bursa of Fabricius Injury in Goslings by Inhibiting EREG Expression by Shuying Gong, Bingqi Zhang, Xiang Sun, Weijun Liang, Longsheng Hong, Xiang Zhou, Wanyan Li, Yunbo Tian, Danning Xu, Zhongping Wu, Bingxin Li

“…The cytokine and antioxidant marker analyses in the BF cells demonstrated that the PAMK treatment mitigated the LPS-induced increase in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, as well as the decrease in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. …”
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Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression mediates targeted therapy resistance and formation of drug tolerant microenvironment by Bassel Alsaed, Linh Lin, Jieun Son, Jiaqi Li, Johannes Smolander, Timothy Lopez, Pinar Ö. Eser, Atsuko Ogino, Chiara Ambrogio, Yoonji Eum, Tran Thai, Haiyun Wang, Eva Sutinen, Hilma Mutanen, Hanna Duàn, Nina Bobik, Kristian Borenius, William W. Feng, Behnam Nabet, Satu Mustjoki, Sanna Laaksonen, Benjamin K. Eschle, Michael J. Poitras, David Barbie, Ilkka Ilonen, Prafulla Gokhale, Pasi A. Jänne, Heidi M. Haikala

“…The EGFR-low cells secrete Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family cytokines, leading to increased recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune suppression, thus contributing to the drug-tolerant tumor microenvironment. …”
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Jianpi Yiqi Busui prescription alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th17 through the TAK1/P38 MAPK/eIF-4E signaling pathway by Zhuming Chen, Jing Lu, Tianying Chang, Dongmei Zhang, Yibin Zhang, Miao Liu, Tong Wu, Peng Xv, Jian Wang

“…Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression levels of key proteins and their phosphorylated forms, such as transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E). …”
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Cerebral microvascular density, blood-brain barrier permeability, and support for neuroinflammation indicate early aging in a Marfan syndrome mouse model by Tala Curry-Koski, Tala Curry-Koski, Liam P. Curtin, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas

“…IntroductionMarfan Syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder due to mutations in fibrillin-1 (Fbn1), where a Fbn1 missense mutation (Fbn1C1039G/+) can result in systemic increases in the bioavailability and signaling of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In a well-established mouse model of MFS (Fbn1C1041G/+), pre-mature aging of the aortic wall and the progression of aortic root aneurysm are observed by 6-month-of-age. …”
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Effect of Shangke Zhitong Ointment Kinesio Tape on Ankle Sprain by WANG Qiang, LIU Zhiyang, JU Shaohua, LI Xiaodong, HUANG Jichao, XIANG Ning

“…Before treatment and after two weeks of treatment, visual analogue score (VAS), swelling degree measurement, American orthopedic foot and ankle society-ankle hindfood scale (AOFAS-AHS), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score (local tenderness, local swelling, local blood stasis, limited activity) were evaluated, and laboratory index test [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) , matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9)] were performed and skin adverse reactions were observed.Results(1) VAS score, swelling degree of ankle joint and AOFAS-AHS score: compared with before treatment, VAS score and swelling degree in the three groups decreased significantly after treatment, while AOFAS-AHS score increased significantly after treatment (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). …”
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Case Report: Efficacy and safety of recombinant growth hormone therapy in a girl with Loeys–Dietz syndrome by Kamil Dyrka, Aleksander Jamsheer, Michal Bartecki, Waldemar Bobkowski, Malgorzata Pawelec-Wojtalik, Justyna Rajewska-Tabor, Andzelika Tomaszewska, Justyna Balcerzak, Zuzanna Aniol, Marek Niedziela, Monika Obara-Moszynska

“…We present the case of a 16.5-year-old girl with LDS type 2 (LDS2) caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant, c.1582C&gt;T (p.Arg528Cys), in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) gene who was treated with recombinant growth hormone (rGH) due to coexisting GH deficiency (GHD). …”
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Cooling and Sterile Inflammation in an Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury Model in BV-2 Microglia by Jana Lücht, Nele Rolfs, Sylvia J. Wowro, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt, Giang Tong

“…Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), CIRBP, and RBM3 gene expressions were assessed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β releases into the cultured supernatants were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). …”
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Platelet–Monocyte Aggregate Instigates Inflammation and Vasculopathy in Kawasaki Disease by Yuan Zhang, Cuiping Jia, Manli Guo, Qian Chen, Ying Wen, Ting Wang, Yinyin Xie, Xuejiao Fan, Jingwen Gao, Timur O. Yarovinsky, Renjing Liu, Zhiyong Jiang, Mengmeng Wang, Jin Zhou, Di Che, Lanyan Fu, Richard Edelson, Xiaoqiong Gu, John Hwa, Wai Ho Tang

“…Monocyte‐activated platelets initiate transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 release, which results in nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappaB in monocytes, therefore, driving the phenotypic conversion of classical monocytes (CD14+CD16−) into proinflammatory monocytes (CD14+CD16+). …”
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Exploring Azithromycin’s Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation by Mohannad A. Almikhlafi, Nehad A. Abdallah, Aakash Kumar, Tarun Sharma, Zuber Khan, Haifa A. Fadil, Sultan Althagfan, Ahmed K. B. Aljohani, Sara A. Almadani, Samar F. Miski, Tahani Saeedi, Rayan S. Alharbi, Abdulrahman M. Al-Harthe, Mohammed H. Alsubhi, Hanaa Wanas, Ahmed Aldhafiri, Sidharth Mehan, Hossein M. Elbadawy

“…Neurochemical analyses included oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, MDA, catalase), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2), mitochondrial complexes (complex I, II, III, IV, and V), and the transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-β) as a neurofilament marker. …”
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Effect of Ginkgolide B on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease based on Notch Signaling Pathway by Hong YU, Junzi WU, Bo SONG, Jun LI

“…After intervention for four weeks, some indexs such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared; the differences of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in liver and plasma were compared; HE staining method was used to observe liver histopathological changes; Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method and Western blot method were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of Notch-3, Hes-1. …”
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Network and systems biology approaches help investigate gene regulatory interactions between Salmonella disease and host in chickens: Model‐based in silico evidence combined with g... by Reza Tohidi, Hoda Javaheri Bargourooshi, Arash Javanmard

“…These include inducible nitric oxide synthase, NRAMP1, immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), transforming growth factor B family (TGFb2, TGFb3 and TGFb4), interleukin 2 (IL2), apoptosis inhibitor protein 1 (IAP1), TLR4, myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), IFNγ, caspase 1 (CASP1), lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF), cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) and prosaposin (PSAP). …”
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CYTOKINES AND PROTEINS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE BLOOD OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES AFTER FILLING THE DEFECT IN THE FEMORAL METAPHYSIS WITH ALLOGENEIC BONE IMPLANTS SATURATED... by Petro Vorontsov, Frida Leontieva, Vladyslav Tulyakov, Igor Husakov

“…On the model of a transcortical defect in the metaphysis of the femur, the content in the blood serum of 3 and 12 months white rats of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) on the 14th, 28th and 90 days was investigated. …”
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The Characteristics Variation of Hepatic Progenitors after TGF-β1-Induced Transition and EGF-Induced Reversion by Ping Wang, Min Cong, Tianhui Liu, Aiting Yang, Guangyong Sun, Dong Zhang, Jian Huang, Shujie Sun, Jia Mao, Hong Ma, Jidong Jia, Hong You

“…Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. …”
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Altered AKT1 and MAPK1 Gene Expression on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Correlation with T-Helper-Transcription Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients by Sonia Garcia-Rodriguez, Jose-Luis Callejas-Rubio, Norberto Ortego-Centeno, Esther Zumaquero, Raquel Ríos-Fernandez, Salvador Arias-Santiago, Pilar Navarro, Jaime Sancho, Mercedes Zubiaur

“…AKT1 and MAPK1 expressions were upregulated in SLE patients and correlated with Th17-(Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-C), T-regulatory-(Treg)-(Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFB)-2), and Th2-(interleukin (IL)-5)-related genes. …”
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Effect of Acupuncture on the Expression of Heme Oxygenase 1 and Inflammatory Factors in Rats with Intracerebral Hemorrhage by CHEN Qiuxin, KONG Ying, YU Tingting, ZHANG Yu, LIU Peng, ZHANG Xin

“…The expression of HO-1, nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） protein in hematoma tissue was detected by Western blot method at three time points of 1 d, 3 d and 7 d.Results1） There were no obvious neurological deficits in the sham operation group at all time points; the rats in the model group showed neurological deficit symptoms on the 1st day, and there were still obvious neurological deficits on the 3rd and 7th days; compared with the model group, the acupuncture group had significantly lower neurological scores at each time point （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. 2） Normal nerve cells and glial cells were seen in the basal ganglia of rats in the sham operation group. …”
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Cartilage structure-inspired nanofiber-hydrogel composite with robust proliferation and stable chondral lineage-specific differentiation function to orchestrate cartilage regenerat... by Yaqiang Li, Xiaowei Xun, Liang Duan, Erji Gao, Jiaxin Li, Lei Lin, Xinping Li, Aijuan He, Haiyong Ao, Yong Xu, Huitang Xia

“…Additionally, a biomaterial system was developed based on this composite, featuring dual-release functionality of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to facilitate step-wise maturation of neo-cartilage tissue. …”
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Effect of lncRNA H19 on Rats with Chronic Heart Failure Based on TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway by WANG Lingyan, CAO Guojun, MEI Yang, ZHANG Bin, ZHOU Shijing

“…ObjectiveTo explore the effect of long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) and microRNA (miRNA)-200a on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rats with chronic heart failure based on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad homolog 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway.MethodsA total of 60 clean grade adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group and model group. …”
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