Zebrafish Fins as a Model System for Skeletal Human Studies by Manuel Marí-Beffa, Jesús A. Santamaría, Carmen Murciano, Leonor Santos-Ruiz, José A. Andrades, Enrique Guerado, José Becerra

“…Many other groups have also shown that molecules from the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily (TGFβ), including BMP2, are effective in promoting chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo in higher vertebrates, including humans. …”
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Volume-regulated anion channels conduct ATP in undifferentiated mammary cells and promote tumorigenesis in xenograft nude mouse by Kishio Furuya, Kishio Furuya, Hiroaki Hirata, Hiroaki Hirata, Takeshi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Masahiro Sokabe, Masahiro Sokabe

“…The diffuse ATP release pattern changed to a transient-sharp pattern by cholera toxin treatment and the reverse change was induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) β treatment. DCPIB, an inhibitor of volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), suppressed the diffuse pattern. …”
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The Maternal Cytokine and Chemokine Profile of Naturally Conceived Gestations Is Mainly Preserved during In Vitro Fertilization and Egg Donation Pregnancies by Alicia Martínez-Varea, Begoña Pellicer, Vicente Serra, David Hervás-Marín, Alicia Martínez-Romero, José Bellver, Alfredo Perales-Marín, Antonio Pellicer

“…The main outcome measures were, firstly, to follow up plasma levels of interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL17, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1α), and decidual granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during the three trimesters of pregnancy during the three trimesters of pregnancy; secondly, to evaluate if the cytokine and chemokine pattern of ED pregnant women differs from that of those with autologous oocytes and, thirdly, to assess if women with preeclampsia show different cytokine and chemokine profile throughout pregnancy versus women with uneventful pregnancies. …”
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Rapidly In Situ Forming Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Enhances Angiogenic Responses and Augments Early Wound Healing after Open Abdomen by Bo Zhou, Jianan Ren, Chao Ding, Yin Wu, Dong Hu, Guosheng Gu, Jieshou Li

“…The concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor BB, transforming growth factor β-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor in PRP were significantly higher when compared with that of PPP. …”
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Qingfei Tongluo Mixture Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis through mTOR-Dependent Autophagy in Rats by Shuyu Ge, Zhenghong Guo, Ting Xiao, Pingping Sun, Bo Yang, Yin Ying

“…The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the hydroxyproline (HYP) assay kit were used to detect changes in proinflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and HYP. …”
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Endoplasmic reticulum protein TXNDC5 modulates thyroid eye disease TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation by Albert Y Wu, Hsun-I Chiu, Shi-Bei Wu, Chieh-Chih Tsai

“…Aim There remain limited therapies to treat thyroid eye disease (TED) orbital fibrosis, highlighting the urgency to develop novel targets. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from orbital fibroblasts are important pathogenetic factor of TED. …”
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The cellular response of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts to RB-PDT: Insights into cytokines, chemokines and related signaling pathw... by Ning Chai, Tanja Stachon, Sabrina Häcker, Tim Berger, Zhen Li, Maryam Amini, Shweta Suiwal, Berthold Seitz, Achim Langenbucher, Nóra Szentmáry

“…The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon alpha 2 (IFNA2), IFNB1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL-4), collagen I, collagen V, lysyl oxidase (LOX), transforming growth factor β 1(TGF-β1) were measured using qPCR, ELISA, or western blot. …”
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Modulation of Biomaterial‐Associated Fibrosis by Means of Combined Physicochemical Material Properties by Lisa E. Tromp, Torben A.B. van derBoon, Roderick H.J. deHilster, Ruud Bank, Patrick van Rijn

“…Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) are screened for cell density, area, and myofibroblast markers α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and Collagen type I (COL1) after 24 h and 7 days of culture, with or without transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β). Results demonstrated that material properties influence fibroblast behavior after 7 days with TGF‐β stimulation, with wettability emerging as the predominant factor, followed by stiffness. …”
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The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and miR17-5p Inhibitor on Multicellular Liver Fibrosis Microtissues by Farnaz Sani, Mina Soufi Zomorrod, Negar Azarpira, Masoud Soleimani

“…Furthermore, the expression of collagen I (COL I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as critical matrix components, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and miR-17-5p were measured. …”
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Ocular TGF-β, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and TIMP-1 Increase with the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Lucia Saucedo, Isabel B. Pfister, Souska Zandi, Christin Gerhardt, Justus G. Garweg

“…Even though its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, several studies suggested a role for transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the onset and progression of the disease. …”
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Improvement of Liver Transplantation Outcome by Heme Oxygenase-1-Transduced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats by Bin Wu, Hong-Li Song, Yang Yang, Ming-Li Yin, Bo-Ya Zhang, Yi Cao, Chong Dong, Zhong-Yang Shen

“…Interleukin- (IL-) 10 and transforming growth factor-β levels were significantly increased, while IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ levels were significantly decreased in the HO-1/MSCs group when compared to the other groups. …”
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Exploring a Chemotactic Role for EVs from Progenitor Cell Populations of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth for Promoting Migration of Naïve BMSCs in Bone Repair Process by Lin Luo, Steven J. Avery, Rachel J. Waddington

“…Moreover, different EV groups were found to be abundant with multiple growth factors including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) given the detections through ELISA. …”
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Focal adhesion kinase promotes aerobic glycolysis in hepatic stellate cells via the cyclin D1/c-Myc/MCT-1 pathway to induce liver fibrosis by Tao Huang, Ming-Yu Zhou, Gao-Liang Zou, Rui-Han Hu, Lu Han, Qing-Xiu Zhang, Xue-Ke Zhao

“…The migration, proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of LX-2 cells after stimulation and activation by transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) or suppression by PF562271 was assessed in vitro. …”
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Fenofibrate Enhances the In Vitro Differentiation of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Mice by Zhou Zhou, Ying Liang, Yanxiang Gao, Wei Kong, Juan Feng, Xian Wang

“…In the present paper, we found that fenofibrate dose-dependently increased transforming growth factor-𝛽 and interleukin-2-induced Treg differentiation in vitro, by 1.96-fold from 0 to 20 𝜇M (12.59±1.34% to 24.69±3.03%, 𝑃<0.05). …”
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Abdominal Aortic Occlusion and the Inflammatory Effects in Heart and Brain by Jun Xu, Sijie Li, Alexandra Wehbe, Xunming Ji, Yong Yang, Yu Yang, Linhui Qin, Feng-Yong Liu, Yuchuan Ding, Changhong Ren

“…In the serum, AAO increased the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (such as arginase-1), transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). …”
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KLF12 Aggravates Angiotensin II‐Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Male Mice by Transcriptionally Inhibiting SMAD7 by Min Hu, Shi‐Yu Huang, Yi‐Peng Gao, Yu‐Xin Hu, Sha‐Sha Wang, Teng Teng, Xiao‐Feng Zeng, Qi‐Zhu Tang

“…Mechanistically, we discovered that KLF12 directly binds to the promoter of Smad7, leading to the activation of the TGF‐β (transforming growth factor beta)‐Smad3 pathway. Conclusions In conclusion, KLF12 promoted the development of angiotensin II‐induced cardiac remodeling in male mice. …”
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Actinidia deliciosa as a complemental therapy against nephropathy and oxidative stress in diabetic rats by Ali Y. Naoom, Wenyi Kang, Nora F. Ghanem, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Fatma M. El-Demerdash

“…Moreover, STZ produced upregulation of inflammatory associated genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α and transforming growth factor β1; TGF-β1) and triggered apoptosis by upregulating apoptotic related gene [Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)] and downregulating anti-apoptotic related gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) based on real-time PCR data. …”
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TGFβ-specific T cells induced by a TGFβ-derived immune modulatory vaccine both directly and indirectly modulate the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts by Mads Hald Andersen, Inés Lecoq, Evelina Martinenaite, Maria Perez-Penco, Lucia Lara de la Torre

“…We recently developed a transforming growth factor (TGF)β-based immune modulatory vaccine that controlled tumor growth in a murine model of pancreatic cancer by targeting immunosuppression and desmoplasia in the TME. …”
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IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients by Kazunori Kubota, Sachio Takeno, Takayuki Taruya, Atsushi Sasaki, Takashi Ishino, Katsuhiro Hirakawa

“…Methods Homogenates of sinonasal mucosa from 20 non-ECRS patients and 36 ECRS patients were measured for levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using real-time RT-PCR and TaqMan gene expression assays. …”
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Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Mediators in Pediatric Asthma by Hui Du, Yonghong Wang, Yumin Shi, Jian Yu, Wen Sun, Yiqun Zhang

“…Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of interleukin- (IL-) 10, IL-17, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after treatment. …”
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