Flavouring group evaluation 418 (FGE. 418): 3‐[3‐(2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐cyclohexyl)‐ureido]‐butyric acid ethyl ester by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Laurence Castle, Monica Andreassen, Gabriele Aquilina, Maria Bastos, Polly Boon, Biagio Fallico, Reginald FitzGerald, Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Ursula Gundert‐Remy, Rainer Gürtler, Eric Houdeau, Marcin Kurek, Henriqueta Louro, Patricia Morales, Sabina Passamonti, Romualdo Benigni, Kevin Chipman, Eugenia Cordelli, Gisela Degen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Paul Fowler, Maria Carfí, Gabriele Gagliardi, Agnieszka Mech, Salvatore Multari, Carla Martino

“…In a prenatal developmental toxicity study, no maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. …”
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Flavouring group evaluation 420 (FGE.420): Hesperetin dihydrochalcone by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Laurence Castle, Monica Andreassen, Gabriele Aquilina, Maria Bastos, Polly Boon, Biagio Fallico, Reginald FitzGerald, Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Ursula Gundert‐Remy, Rainer Gürtler, Eric Houdeau, Marcin Kurek, Henriqueta Louro, Patricia Morales, Sabina Passamonti, Gisela Degen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Paul Fowler, Maria Carfí, Consuelo Civitella, Borana Dino, Gabriele Gagliardi, Agnieszka Mech, Panagiota Zakidou, Carla Martino

“…In a prenatal developmental toxicity study, no maternal or foetal toxicity was observed. …”
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Safety of a change of specifications of phytosterols/phytostanols as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 by EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Dominique Turck, Torsten Bohn, Montaña Cámara, Jacqueline Castenmiller, Stefaan De Henauw, Karen Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst, Ángeles Jos, Alexandre Maciuk, Inge Mangelsdorf, Breige McNulty, Androniki Naska, Kristina Pentieva, Alfonso Siani, Frank Thies, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Francesco Cubadda, Thomas Frenzel, Marina Heinonen, Monika Neuhäuser‐Berthold, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Morten Poulsen, Miguel Prieto Maradona, Josef Rudolf Schlatter, Alexandros Siskos, Henk vanLoveren, Wolfgang Gelbmann, Harry J. McArdle

“…No evidence was found from the literature for the genotoxicity, subchronic toxicity, chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity of four phytosterols which have been identified by the applicant in the NF when produced from sunflower oil. …”
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Kinomic profiling to predict sunitinib response of patients with metastasized clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Jeannette C. Oosterwijk-Wakka, Liesbeth Houkes, Loes F.M. van der Zanden, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney, Kerstin Junker, Anne Y Warren, Tim Eisen, Ulrich Jaehde, Marius T Radu, Rob Ruijtenbeek, Egbert Oosterwijk

“…With modest OS improvement and variable response and toxicity predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers are needed to personalize patient management: Prediction of individual TKI therapy response and resistance will increase successful treatment outcome while reducing unnecessary drug use and expense. …”
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REVIEW by Claudia-Ştefania Bala

“…Iron, ferroptosis and association with tumoral evolution and potential therapeutic impact Decision making in Merkel cell carcinoma – surgical oncologist point of view Cardiac toxicity of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) used in cancer immunotherapy Immune-mediated complications of monoclonal antibodies used in onco-hematology …”
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Application of cold atmospheric plasma for decontamination of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins: a systematic review by Amanda Cristina Dias de Oliveira, Sher Ali, Carlos Humberto Corassin, Sana Ullah, Karina Nascimento Pereira, James Leon Walsh, Nataša Hojnik, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira

“…Additionally, cold atmospheric plasma-driven degradation of mycotoxins involves structural modifications, breaking key molecular bonds that reduce toxicity. The effectiveness of cold plasma depends on operational parameters and the specific characteristics of the treated food, with notable efficacy in degrading aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol by converting them into less toxic substances and inhibiting their spores and DNA responsible for their biosynthesis. …”
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Real-world outdoor air exposure effects in a model of the human airway epithelium – A comparison of healthy and asthmatic individuals using a mobile laboratory setting by Pavel Rossner, Helena Libalova, Tereza Cervena, Michal Sima, Zuzana Simova, Kristyna Vrbova, Antonin Ambroz, Zuzana Novakova, Fatima Elzeinova, Anezka Vimrova, Lubos Dittrich, Michal Vojtisek, Martin Pechout, Michal Vojtisek-Lom

“…In samples originating from healthy and asthmatic individuals, we assessed the parameters of toxicity, lipid peroxidation and immune response; we further performed comprehensive monitoring of air pollutants at sampling sites. …”
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Control of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on strawberry by integrating with cyetpyrafen and Phytoseiulus persimilis by Shan Zhao, Qiuyu Zhao, Xiaoyan Dai, Bing Lv, Ruijuan Wang, Zhenjuan Yin, Feng Zhang, Yan Liu, Long Su, Hao Chen, Li Zheng, Hongmei Li, Lixia Xie, Yifan Zhai

“…In this study, we examined the toxicity of six common acaricides on TSSM and P. persimilis, and cyetpyrafen was selected due to its highest relative toxicity value. …”
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Toxicological Characterization of Six Plants of the Beninese Pharmacopoeia Used in the Treatment of Salmonellosis by Boris Legba, Victorien Dougnon, Esther Deguenon, Jerrold Agbankpe, Maximin Senou, Alidah Aniambossou, Carène Gbaguidi, Kevin Sintondji, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Jacques Dougnon

“…Unfortunately, very little data exists on the toxicity of these species. This study aims to evaluate chemical characteristic of six Benin pharmacopoeial plants used in the traditional treatment of salmonellosis in Benin. …”
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Maturation and detoxification of synphilin-1 inclusion bodies regulated by sphingolipids by Xiuling Cao, Xiang Wu, Lei Zhao, Ju Zheng, Xuejiao Jin, Xinxin Hao, Joris Winderickx, Shenkui Liu, Lihua Chen, Beidong Liu

“…Due to proteostasis stress induced by aging or disease, misfolded proteins can form toxic intermediate species of aggregates and eventually mature into less toxic inclusion bodies (IBs). …”
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Rutin Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis in Porcine Endometrial Stromal Cells by Promoting the Expression of Nrf2 by Chuangjiang Chen, Chenlong Wang, Hui Jiang, Mengya Wang, Sajid Ur Rahman, Changjiang Chen, Hongyan Ding, Chang Zhao, Wanyue Huang, Xichun Wang

“…Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in moldy cereals and has a range of toxic effects that have seriously affected animal husbandry. …”
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Anticancer Drugs Induced Severe Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions: An Updated Review on the Risks Associated with Anticancer Targeted Therapy or Immunotherapies by Chau Yee Ng, Chun-Bing Chen, Ming-Ying Wu, Jennifer Wu, Chih-Hsun Yang, Rosaline Chung-Yee Hui, Ya-Ching Chang, Chun-Wei Lu

“…Anticancer drugs, including chemotherapy, target therapy, and recent immunotherapy causing skin reactions ranging from mild skin rash to life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) with increase morbidity and mortality while they are receiving cancer treatments, have been proposed to be a result of direct skin toxicity or drug hypersensitivity reactions (these are proposed mechanism, not definite). …”
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Reduced Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Levels and the Advent of an Acute Lung Injury in Mice after Intravenous or Enteral Oleic Acid Administration by Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves de Albuquerque, Patrícia Burth, Mauricio Younes Ibrahim, Diogo Gomes Garcia, Patrícia Torres Bozza, Hugo Caire Castro Faria Neto, Mauro Velho Castro Faria

“…Although exerting valuable functions in living organisms, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) can be toxic to cells. Increased blood concentration of oleic acid (OLA) and other fatty acids is detected in many pathological conditions. …”
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Phytochemical content, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, of leaves extracts of Eucalyptus globulus, Peltophorum africanum and Vangueria infausta by Portia Mamothaladi Moshidi, Johnfisher Mupangwa, Claude Mukengela Muya, Soul Washaya

“…The antibacterial activity was lower (P < 0.05) for P. africanum and E. globulus oil, and was strongly related to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. The lack of toxicity of plant extracts suggests that extracts can be used as animal feed additives with no risk of toxicity. …”
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Comprehensive analysis of ionomic profiling in Chlorella exposed to chlorpyrifos by Qing-Qing Yu, Yulong Zhang, Shiyuan Zhao, Min Pang, Pei Jiang, Pei Qu

“…IntroductionChlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus insecticide, is highly toxic to non-target aquatic organisms and has relatively high persistence in water, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems. …”
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The potential of Mitragyna speciosa leaves as a natural source of antioxidants for disease prevention by Arief Ihsanul, Sunnardianto Gagus Ketut, Khairi Syahrul, Saputri Wahyu Dita

“…The ADMET profiles of the three compounds exhibit good drug ability and toxicity. The trajectories study from MD simulations predicts that the complexes of these three compounds with their respective target proteins are stable. …”
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A Comparative Analysis of 2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)-Benzothiazole Degradation Using Electro-Fenton and Anodic Oxidation on a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode by Armando Vázquez, Lucía Alvarado, Isabel Lázaro, Roel Cruz, José Luis Nava, Israel Rodríguez-Torres

“…The results showed that both AO and EF processes could be useful strategies for TCMTB toxicity reduction in wastewaters.…”
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Study on the antifungal potential of Piper betle methanol extract against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cutinase by Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai, Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh, Quang Thanh Bui, Vinh Phu Nguyen, Tu Quy Phan

“….; dipole moment 2.61 Debye; no toxicity; content 49.90 %) and 6 (DS -10.9 kcal.mol-1; ground-state energy -652.15 a.u.; dipole moment 2.82 Debye; no toxicity; content 13.23 %), given by both their natural contents and predicted properties. …”
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The Hazard Content of Cadmium, Lead, and Other Trace Elements in Some Medicinal Herbs and Their Water Infusions by Fuad A. Ababneh

“…The estimated daily intake calculated for the toxic elements Pb and Cd through the consumption of herbal infusions was far below the tolerable daily intake set by the World Health Organization (WHO).…”
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Long-Term Natural History and Complications of Collagenous Colitis by Hugh J Freeman

“…However, rare fatalities have been reported and several complications, some severe, have been attributed directly to the colitis. Toxic colitis and toxic megacolon may develop. Concomitant gastric and small intestinal inflammatory disorders have been described including celiac disease and more extensive collagenous inflammatory disease. …”
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