Theoretical understanding of gradients of spike functions as boolean functions by DongHyung Yoo, Doo Seok Jeong

“…Unfortunately, the error-backpropagation algorithm with this gradient function fails to outperform popularly employed surrogate gradients, which may arise from the narrow peak of the gradient function and consequent potential undershoot and overshoot around the spiking threshold with coarse timesteps. We provide theoretical grounds of this hypothesis.…”
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Sociology of Students: A Theoretical Perspective and Research Practice by A. R. Tuzikov, R. I. Zinurova

“…This makes constant research of students relevant and important, both at the theoretical and academic level of sociological science and at the level of applied knowledge focused on the constant monitoring of social well-being, lifestyle, values, opinions and activity of students in specific universities and in a whole country. …”
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Hypermedia as an experiential learning tool: a theoretical model by Jose Miguel Baptista Nunes, Susan P. Fowell

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Competition: Theoretical and Practical Aspects on the Example of the Republic of Belarus by O. V. Sinyak

“…The article considered the theoretical and practical examples of the Republic of Belarus on the development ofcompetition, the role of competition in the life of society is indicated. …”
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Internationalization and the Need of Business Model Innovation - Theoretical Approach by Moema Pereira Nunes, Fernanda Kalil Steinbruch

“…Based on the literature review, a theoretical model is proposed to relate entry modes and the need of business model innovation. …”
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On the External Failure Surface in PSEs: Numerical and Theoretical Methods by Jiaqing Liu, Zeyu Xu, Shuai Zhou

“…In this study, the evolution of external failure surfaces was investigated by both numerical and theoretical methods. To begin with, numerical simulations of trapdoor tests were carried out by a two-dimensional discrete element method. …”
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Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures by Shaik. Babu

“…Theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity in the binary mixtures of chlorobenzene with benzene have been evaluated at different temperatures from 303.15 K-323.15 K using Nomoto's relation, ideal mixture relation, Junjie's method, collision factor theory and free length theory. …”
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THEORETICAL POSITIONS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIAN COMPANIES by N. Bocharov

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Theoretical Evaluation of Refractive Index in Binary Liquid Mixtures by Shipra Baluja, Nirmal Pandaya, Nikunj Kachhadia, Asif Solanki

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Ethnicity in Censuses as an Instrument of Institutional Change: Theoretical Aspect by Mariya V. Nazukina

“…The article aims to characterize the census as a tool for constructing ethnic groups, which leads to institutional changes in the very concepts of belonging, as well as to the reform of political institutions. Based on the theoretical foundation of the socio-constructivist approach, it is shown that the census not only and not so much reflects social reality in its ethnic aspect, but rather constructs it. …”
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Experiment and Theoretical Analysis Study of ETFE Inflatable Tubes by YanLi He, WuJun Chen

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A Lattice-Theoretic Approach to Multigranulation Approximation Space by Xiaoli He, Yanhong She

“…In this paper, we mainly investigate the equivalence between multigranulation approximation space and single-granulation approximation space from the lattice-theoretic viewpoint. It is proved that multigranulation approximation space is equivalent to single-granulation approximation space if and only if the pair of multigranulation rough approximation operators (Σi=1nRi¯,Σi=1nRi_) forms an order-preserving Galois connection, if and only if the collection of lower (resp., upper) definable sets forms an (resp., union) intersection structure, if and only if the collection of multigranulation upper (lower) definable sets forms a distributive lattice when n=2, and if and only if ∀X⊆U,  Σi=1nRi_(X)=∩i=1nRi_(X). …”
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Evolutionary determinants of reproductive seasonality: A theoretical approach by Burtschell, Lugdiwine, Dezeure, Jules, Huchard, Elise, Godelle, Bernard

“…Overall, this study contributes a powerful theoretical framework and modelling tool that may apply across the life-history space, as well as sheds new light on the emergence and maintenance of non-seasonal breeding in slow-living species, including humans. …”
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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY MICROORGANISMS by A. V. Bryanskaya, Yu. E. Uvarova, N. M. Slynko, E. A. Demidov, A. S. Rozanov, S. E. Peltek

“…The paper deals with the theoretical issues of biological oxidation of oil hydrocarbons from alkanes to polycyclic aromatics. …”
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Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in Organic Liquid Mixtures by R. Uvarani, S. Punitha

“…Theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity in the binary mixtures of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol have been evaluated at 303 K using Nomoto’s relation, collision factor theory, free length theory, ideal mixture relation, Junjie’s method. …”
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Theoretical and Practical Fundamentals for Armenia’s National Security Strategy by K. P. Marabyan

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THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES POTENTIAL by Yu. A. Zinnurova, E. M. Shironina

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National Digital Resource Market: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations by I. A. Zubritskaya

“…The article indicates theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a new economic concept of “digital resources market”. …”
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Theoretical Studies of Substitutionally Doped Single-Walled Nanotubes by Charles See Yeung, Ya Kun Chen, Yan Alexander Wang

“…Herein, we present theoretical studies of both main group element and transition metal-doped HSWCNTs. …”
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Theoretical and Experimental Study of an Electrokinetic Micromanipulator for Biological Applications by Reza Hadjiaghaie Vafaie, Ali Fardi-Ilkhchy, Sobhan Sheykhivand, Sebelan Danishvar

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