Description of the New Species <i>Laccaria albifolia</i> (Hydnangiaceae, Basidiomycota) and a Reassessment of <i>Laccaria affinis</i> Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analys... by Francesco Dovana, Roberto Para, Gabriel Moreno, Edoardo Scali, Matteo Garbelotto, Bernardo Ernesto Lechner, Luigi Forte

“…Consequently, we propose that these two taxa be considered synonymous. This study not only contributes to the understanding of <i>Laccaria</i> diversity but also proposes the formal designation of an epitype for <i>L. affinis</i>, thereby providing a foundation for future research on this ecologically significant genus. …”
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Sequence Variation in Toxoplasma gondii rop17 Gene among Strains from Different Hosts and Geographical Locations by Nian-Zhang Zhang, Ying Xu, Si-Yang Huang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Rui-Ai Wang, Xing-Quan Zhu

“…Analyses of sequence variations in nucleotides and amino acids among these strains revealed high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphisms (>1), indicating that rop17 shows signs of positive selection. …”
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Decline in Memory, Visuospatial Ability, and Crystalized Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: Normative Aging or Terminal Decline? by R. Bendayan, A. M. Piccinin, S. M. Hofer, D. Cadar, B. Johansson, G. Muniz-Terrera

“…Measures of cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination and the Swedish Clock Test) and tests of crystallized (knowledge and synonyms), memory (verbal memory, nonverbal long-term memory, recognition and correspondence, and short-term memory), and visuospatial ability were included. …”
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Combining extracellular matrix proteome and phosphoproteome of chickpea and meta‐analysis reveal novel proteoforms and evolutionary significance of clade‐specific wall‐associated e... by Kanika Narula, Arunima Sinha, Pooja Choudhary, Sudip Ghosh, Eman Elagamey, Archana Sharma, Atreyee Sengupta, Niranjan Chakraborty, Subhra Chakraborty

“…Furthermore, protein families differ in nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates. Our study pointed towards the matrix proteoform functionality, sequence divergence variation, interactions between wall remodelers and molecular evolution using a phylogenetic framework. …”
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Impact of Obesity-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on COVID-19 Severity and Clinical Outcomes by Ana B. Martínez-Martinez, Alexander Tristancho-Baró, Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez, Marina Clavel-Millan, Maria Pilar Palacian, Ana Milagro, Antonio Rezusta, Jose M. Arbones-Mainar

“…Interestingly, all three mutations were synonymous, suggesting adaptive roles in obesity-driven environments despite not altering viral protein structures. …”
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Diversity and Multigene Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Floccularia</i> (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) by Zai-Wei Ge, Hua Qu, Malka Saba, Tian Gao, Martin Ryberg

“…According to our result, in addition to <i>F. luteovirens</i>, three new species, <i>F. asiatica</i>, <i>F. flava</i> and <i>F. sinensis</i>, were distributed in Asia, while in North America, <i>F. pitkinensis</i> and <i>F. fusca</i> could be synonyms of <i>F. albolanaripes</i>, as both species are phylogenetically intermingled within <i>F. albolanaripes</i>. …”
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Characterization of Somatic Mutations in Malaysian Luminal Breast Cancer by Yock Ping Chow, Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos, Isa Mohd Rose, Norlia Abdullah, Rohaizak Muhammad, Shahrun Niza Abdullah Suhaimi, Saladina Jaszle Jasmin, Norshahidah Mahamad Nadzir, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Rahman Jamal

“…Kinases and phosphatases were found as the most significantly enriched mutated genes (enrichment score = 3.12), with all nine luminal breast cancer samples harboring at least one non-synonymous mutation in this cluster of genes. This profile suggested that alteration in protein phosphorylation processes is among the key drivers in luminal breast cancer pathogenesis. …”
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I. KANT, T. PARSONS AND POSTPOSITIVISM IN SOCIAL THEORY by Zenonas Norkus

“… Why does modern sociological theory designate itself with two names ("sociological theory" and "social theory")? These synonyms are interpreted in the article as a semantic symptom of the traditionally peculiar relations of sociology with other social sciences and philosophy. …”
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Economic Studies by A. V. Kholopov

“…The research in the field is conducted at the synonymous chair; - An important direction of development of economic studies at MGIMO is a risk management and insurance. …”
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Codon Usage Bias and Cluster Analysis of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 Genes in Seven Mammals by Tanliang Ouyang, Jincheng Zhong, Zhixin Chai, Jiabo Wang, Ming Zhang, Zhijuan Wu, Jinwei Xin

“…By comparing the content of synonymous codon bases amongst seven mammals, we found that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were low-expression genes in mammals with high codon conservation, and their third codon preferred the G/C base. …”
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Quantitative Evaluation of Vocabulary Emotional Color in Language Teaching by Zhong Caihong

“…With the increase of the vocabulary of intermediate and advanced learners, many words with similar colors and meanings appear, which brings a lot of difficulties for students to distinguish between synonyms. If the use of words with emotional meanings is not accurate, it is easy to cause communication barriers.…”
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Deep-Sea Ecosystems as an Unexpected Source of Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Wei Zhang, Yingdong Li, Yunmeng Chu, Hao Liu, Hongmei Jing, Qianfeng Xia

“…The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (pN/pS) values of these genes suggest different evolutionary strategies in response to deep-sea conditions and possible human impacts. …”
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Reimbursement or compensation for damages caused by war: the civil law aspect by M. О. Parii

“…The author highlights the issue of distinguishing between the concepts of reimbursement and compensation as synonymous categories. It is determined that the term “compensation” is broader in scope and includes the narrower term “reimbursement”, as well as additional features – remuneration or payments. …”
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Evaluation of common COL2A1 gene variants in Iranian patients suspected with Stickler syndrome type I by Fatemeh Abolhasani, Hossein Abdali, Mohammad Kazemi, Bijan Movahedian Attar, Fatemeh Derakhshandeh, Majid Hosseinzadeh

“…Molecular analysis which conducted to screen the COL2A1 gene of patients, identified two different variants, including a novel nonsense variant, (c.1030C>T), consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome type I, also synonymous mutation (c.213C>T) affecting in exon 2, which have been reported in database. …”
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How to resolve cryptic species of polypores: an example in Fomes by Ursula Peintner, Regina Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Viana Wille, Franco Biasioli, Anton Shiryaev, Claudia Perini

“…A syntype of an obscure and previously synonymized name, Polyporus inzengae, represents the Mediterranean lineage that we recognize as Fomes inzengae, a distinct species. …”
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Kdr genotyping (V1016I, F1534C) of the Nav channel of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito populations in Harris County (Houston), Texas, USA, after Permanone 31-66 field tests and its infl... by Jonathan R Hernandez, Michael Longnecker, Chris L Fredregill, Mustapha Debboun, Patricia V Pietrantonio

“…Target site insensitivity to pyrethroids caused by non-synonymous knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel is a predominant mechanism of resistance in mosquitoes. …”
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Feasibility of integrated, multilevel care for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A scoping review. by Temitope Ojo, Lynette Lester, Juliet Iwelunmor, Joyce Gyamfi, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Deborah Onakomaiya, Angela Aifah, Shreya Nagendra, Jumoke Opeyemi, Mofetoluwa Oluwasanmi, Milena Dalton, Ucheoma Nwaozuru, Dorice Vieira, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Bernadette Boden-Albala

“…Eighty percent of the studies reported feasibility, using descriptive sentences that included words synonymous with feasibility terminologies in existing definition recommended by Proctor and colleagues. …”
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Identification of Olfactory Receptors Responding to Androstenone and the Key Structure Determinant in Domestic Pig by Peidong Yang, Tingting Luo, Shuqi Yang, Anjing Zhang, Yuan Tang, Li Chen, Jinyong Wang, Yongju Zhao, Zhining Zhong, Xuemin Li, Ziyin Han, Yupei Zhang, Yue Tang, Jideng Ma, Long Jin, Keren Long, Mingzhou Li, Lu Lu

“…Nevertheless, the natural non-synonymous mutation M133V (rs696400829) of pig OR7D4 was proven to significantly impair the respondence to androstenone. …”
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Retrieval of NO2 Columns by Exploiting MAX-DOAS Observations and Comparison with OMI and TROPOMI Data during the Time Period of 2015–2019 by Ahmad Iqbal, Naveed Ahmad, Hassan Mohy ud Din, Michel Van Roozendael, Muhammad Shehzaib Anjum, Muhammad Zeeshan Ali Khan, Muhammad Fahim Khokhar

“…MAX-DOAS reveals that TROPOMI data is more synonymous to MAX-DOAS than OMI data. The error analysis indicates that for TROPOMI measurements calculated biases are significantly improved in case of TROPOMI as compared to OMI measurements. …”
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Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulations of the HLA-G Gene by Erick C. Castelli, Luciana C. Veiga-Castelli, Layale Yaghi, Philippe Moreau, Eduardo A. Donadi

“…The overall structure of the HLA-G coding region has been maintained during the evolution process, in which most of its variable sites are synonymous mutations or coincide with introns, preserving major functional HLA-G properties. …”
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