Rescue of in vitro models of CSF1R-related adult-onset leukodystrophy by iluzanebart: mechanisms and therapeutic implications of TREM2 agonism by Kelley C. Larson, Frederick W. Gergits, Abigail J. Renoux, Elizabeth J. Weisman, Borislav Dejanovic, Liyue Huang, Bhaumik Pandya, Donald G. McLaren, Berkley A. Lynch, Richard Fisher, Evan Thackaberry, David Gray, Francois Gaudreault, Christian Mirescu

“…Similar functions have also been ascribed to triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which shares an analogous microglia enrichment profile and converging intracellular signaling pathway mediated by spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). …”
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Invariant Natural Killer T Cells as Key Players in Host Resistance against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by Joes Nogueira-Neto, Flavio V. Loures, Alessandra S. Schanoski, David A. G. Andrade, Michelangelo B. Gonzatti, Tania A. Costa, Bruno C. Vivanco, Patrícia Xander, Daniela S. Rosa, Vera L. G. Calich, Alexandre C. Keller

“…The deficient innate immune response of Jα18-/- mice to Pb18 infection resulted in increased fungal burden in the lungs and spleen. Besides, the activation of iNKT cells in vivo by administration of the exogenous iNKT ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) improved host resistance to P. brasiliensis infection. …”
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Correlation and diagnostic significance of CD4 T cell subsets and NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: the role of the NLRP3/T-bet/GATA3 axis by Yingnan Hu, Jingyi Tang, Dian Yu, Shuo Su, Jintao Fang, Linying Xia, Wenjun Xu, Weihan Zhu, Ninping Song, Fengyong Wang, Dechang Diao, Wei Zhang

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Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L. by Mohammed Al Bratty, Hafiz A. Makeen, Hassan A. Alhazmi, Sohier M. Syame, Ashraf N. Abdalla, Husham E. Homeida, Shahnaz Sultana, Waquar Ahsan, Asaad Khalid

“…It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. …”
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Immunogenic Evaluation of Ribosomal P-Protein Antigen P0, P1, and P2 and Pentameric Protein Complex P0-(P1-P2)2 of Plasmodium falciparum in a Mouse Model by Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska, Leszek Wawiórka, Dawid Krokowski, Nikodem Grankowski, Łukasz Jarosz, Urszula Lisiecka, Marek Tchórzewski

“…An in vitro exposure of spleen lymphocytes from the immunized mice especially to the P1, P2, and P0-(P1-P2)2 protein caused 2-3-fold higher cell proliferation than that in the case of lymphocytes from the nonimmunized animals, suggesting development of immune memory. …”
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Aberrant B cell receptor signaling responses in circulating double-negative 2 B cells from radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients by Rick Wilbrink, Stefan F.H. Neys, Rudi W. Hendriks, Anneke Spoorenberg, Frans G.M. Kroese, Odilia B.J. Corneth, Gwenny M.P.J. Verstappen

“…Next, we explored B cell subset distribution and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling responses in circulating B cells from 28 r-axSpA patients and 15 HCs, by measuring spleen tyrosine kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation upon α-Ig stimulation using phosphoflow cytometry. …”
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Impact of heavy metal pollution on the use of fishing pond land, a former site of used battery smelting by E. Riani, N.A. Butet, M. Ansori, M.R. Cordova

“…Contaminating heavy metals also cause various damage to fish organs, namely, edema in the kidneys, melano-macrophage centers in the spleen and liver, edema and hyperplasia in the epithelial gills, and fatty degeneration in the liver and its lysed ovary cells.CONCLUSION: Consequently, land in Cinangka Village is still categorized as hazardous, and toxic waste and should not be converted into a fishing pond because the soil is a point source of pollution that contaminates fish with high concentrations of heavy metals and damages their organs. …”
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Robust collection and processing for label-free single voxel proteomics by Reta Birhanu Kitata, Marija Velickovic, Zhangyang Xu, Rui Zhao, David Scholten, Rosalie K. Chu, Daniel J. Orton, William B. Chrisler, Tong Zhang, Jeremy V. Mathews, Benjamin M. Bumgarner, Demirkan B. Gursel, Ronald J. Moore, Paul D. Piehowski, Tao Liu, Richard D. Smith, Huiping Liu, Clive H. Wasserfall, Chia-Feng Tsai, Tujin Shi

“…This method enables reproducible, label-free quantification of approximately 900 and 4600 proteins for single voxels at 20 µm × 20 µm × 10 µm (~1 cell region) and 200 µm × 200 µm × 10 µm (~100 cell region) from fresh frozen human spleen tissue, respectively. It can reveal spatially resolved protein signatures and region-specific signaling pathways. …”
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A High-Salt Diet Disturbs the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells in Mice by Xiaokang Zeng, Yan Li, Weibiao Lv, Xinhuai Dong, Chong Zeng, Liming Zeng, Zibo Wei, Xu Lin, Yanning Ma, Qiang Xiao

“…Our results show that the number of NK cells in the spleen and lungs of HSD-fed mice was significantly reduced, which may be due to the inhibition of NK cell proliferation. …”
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The regulatory role of cystatin C in autophagy and neurodegeneration by T. A. Korolenko, A. B. Shintyapina, A. B. Pupyshev, A. A. Akopyan, G. S. Russkikh, M. A. Dikovskaya, V. A. Vavilin, E. L Zavjalov, M. A. Tikhonova, T. G. Amstislavskaya

“…In an experiment on C57Bl/6J mice, cystatin C concentration was significantly higher in brain tissue than in the liver and spleen: an indication of an important function of this cysteine protease inhibitor in the brain. …”
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Tissue- and Cell Type-Specific Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA Klhl14-AS in Mouse by Sara Carmela Credendino, Nicole Lewin, Miriane de Oliveira, Swaraj Basu, Barbara D’Andrea, Elena Amendola, Luigi Di Guida, Antonio Nardone, Remo Sanges, Mario De Felice, Gabriella De Vita

“…We examine the whole expression level of Klhl14-AS in a panel of adult mouse tissues, showing that it is expressed in the thyroid, lung, kidney, testis, ovary, brain, and spleen, although at different levels. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that, in the context of each organ, Klhl14-AS shows a cell type-specific expression. …”
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Validation of a Real Time PCR for Classical Swine Fever Diagnosis by Natanael Lamas Dias, Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior, Anapolino Macedo Oliveira, Érica Bravo Sales, Bruna Rios Coelho Alves, Fernanda Alves Dorella, Marcelo Fernandes Camargos

“…The tissues tested were spleen, kidney, blood, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Sequencing of the positive samples for 5′NTR region was performed to evaluate the specificity of the RT-qPCR. …”
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Mechanistic investigation and the optimal dose based on baicalin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis–A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis by Jinchen Chong, Zepeng Chen, Jiaze Ma, Linhai He, Yijia Zhu, Zhihua Lu, Zhengxi Qiu, Chen Chen, Yugen Chen, Feng Jiang

“…Baicalin significantly modulated various biomarkers: HCS (SMD = -3.91), DAI (MD = -2.75), spleen index (MD = -12.76), MDA (SMD = -3.88), IL-6 (SMD = -10.59), IL-1β (SMD = -3.98), TNF-α (SMD = -8.05), NF-κB (SMD = -5.46), TLR4 (MD = -0.38), RORγ (MD = -0.89), MCP-1 (MD = -153.25), MPO (SMD = -7.34), Caspase-9 (MD = -0.93), Caspase-3 (MD = -0.45), FasL (MD = -1.20)) and enhanced BWC (MD = 0.06), CL (MD = 1.39), ZO-1 (MD = 0.44), SOD (SMD = 3.04), IL-10 mRNA (MD = 3.14), and FOXP3 (MD = 0.45) levels. …”
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A systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence and clinical implications of anatomical variants of the hepatic portal vein by Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Benjamín Rodríguez-Osorio, Cristian Salgado-Torres, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandro Bruna-Mejías, Roberto Avila-Sepulveda, Álvaro Becerra-Farfán, Macarena Rodríguez-Luengo, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, Guinevere Granite, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza

“…Abstract The hepatic portal vein is the main vascular route responsible for collecting blood from the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. …”
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The Role of Dectin-1-Akt-RNF146 Pathway in β-Glucan Induced Immune Trained State of Monocyte in Sepsis by Guo C, Xu P, Luo W, Zhang J, Sun X, Hoang H, Ma D, Wu D, Zhong J, Miao C

“…Murine double-hit models (pretreatment or post-treatment of β-glucan in septic mice) and murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were used then.Results: scRNA-seq revealed that Ring finger protein 146 (RNF146) and protein kinase B (Akt) were downregulated in the immunosuppression period of septic patients and were verified to be decreased in bone marrow and spleen monocytes from septic mice. While β-glucan pretreatment improved the immunosuppressed state in septic mice and increased dectin-1/Akt/RNF146 expressions in monocytes, along with the increased survival rate, inflammatory factors and aerobic glycolysis, indicating a change from immunosuppression to immune training. …”
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Investigating shared risk variants and genetic etiology between Alzheimer’s disease and three stress-related psychiatric disorders: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis by Weijia Dang, Tianqi Hao, Ning Li, Hualin Zhang, Ziqi Li, Hongmei Yu, Yalu Wen, Deqiang Zheng, Long Liu

“…Functional annotation and gene-set enrichment analysis indicated that 12 genes for comorbidity shared between patients with AD and all three stress-related psychiatric disorders were enriched in the spleen, pancreas, and whole blood.ConclusionThese results advance our knowledge of the shared genetic origins of comorbidities and pave the way for advancements in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of stress-related AD.…”
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Enhanced effect of radiofrequency ablation on HCC by siRNA-PD-L1-endostatin Co-expression plasmid delivered by Pengfei Chen, Kun Li, Jinwei Chen, He Hei, Jiaxin Geng, Nannan Huang, Mengyu Lei, Huijie Jia, Jianzhuang Ren, Chenwang Jin

“…There was also a notable rise in T and NK cell populations in the spleen. In conclusion, combining RFA with siRNA-PD-L1-endostatin delivered by attenuated Salmonella synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects, boosts the anti-tumor immune response, and improves RFA efficacy for HCC.…”
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Effect of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Nanoparticles Added to Low- or High-Fat Diets on Chromium Biodistribution and the Blood Level of Selected Minerals in Rats by Anna Stępniowska, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Krzysztof Tutaj, Joanna Fotschki, Bartosz Fotschki, Katarzyna Ognik

“…The additional dietary Cr, irrespective of its form and diet type, was not accumulated in the analyzed internal organs, i.e. brain, spleen, kidneys, liver, thigh bone, and thigh muscle. …”
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Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by Yunlan Deng, Fengli Wu, Fengli Wu, Qianqian Li, Lidie Yao, Chengzhi Yang, Long Ma, Xinsheng Yao, Jun Li

“…The CDR3 repertoires were constructed using genomic DNA extracted from spleen samples of five healthy buffaloes. High-throughput sequencing of multiplex PCR products enabled repertoire analysis, and MiXCR software was used for alignment and CDR3 extraction. …”
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Effects of deoxynivalenol contaminated corn distiller's dried grains with solubles on growth performance, body composition, immunological response, and gastrointestinal health in y... by Deependra Paneru, Milan K. Sharma, Hanyi Shi, Doyun Goo, Venkata S.R. Choppa, Ishwari Gyawali, Revathi Shanmugasundaram, Woo K. Kim

“…Immunologically, a significant increase in the CD4+:CD8+ ratio in spleen was observed in the 20% DDGS group compared to the 0% DDGS group (P = 0.013), whereas both 15 and 20% DDGS inclusion levels significantly increased the ratio in cecal tonsil (P < 0.001). …”
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