Comparison of Gelation Time and Polyalcohol Effect on Hydrogels from Domestic and Wild Silk Fibroins by Huijing Zhao, Siyong Xiong, Mingzhong Li, Qiang Zhang, Guiyang Liu

“…After freeze-drying, the hydrogels were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that the addition of polyalcohol did not change the main secondary structure of the hydrogels. …”
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Sulphuric Acid-Modified Coal Fly Ash for the Removal of Rhodamine B Dye from Water Environment: Isotherm, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies by G. Bharath Balji, P. Senthil Kumar

“…The nature of the adsorbent was characterized by techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). …”
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Structural Characterization of Silica Particles Extracted from Grass Stenotaphrum secundatum: Biotransformation via Annelids by A. Espíndola-Gonzalez, R. Fuentes-Ramirez, A. L. Martínez-Hernández, V. M. Castaño, C. Velasco-Santos

“…The characterization of the silica particles was performed using Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). …”
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Biological Studies on New Zirconium(IV) Porphyrins with Axial Ligand by Gauri D. Bajju, Gita Devi, Sapna Katoch, Madhulika Bhagat, Deepmala, Ashu, Sujata Kundan, Sunil Kumar Anand

“…A detailed analysis of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), proton nulcear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis suggested the transformation from free base porphyrins to zirconium(IV) porphyrins. …”
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Investigating the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles with varying charges green-synthesized from Tabebuia rosea flower by Trung Dien Nguyen, Thao Phuc-Nguyen Nguyen, Nhung Thi-Tuyet Thai, Yen Hai Hoang, Gia Thi-Ngoc Trinh

“…These biosynthesized nanoparticles, presenting negative, neutral, and positive charges, were thoroughly analyzed by means of a number of techniques including Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. …”
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Ecofriendly remediation of cadmium, lead, and zinc using dead cells of Microcystis aeruginosa by Mohamad S. Abdelkarim, Mohamed H. H. Ali, Doaa A. Kassem

“…Some physical characterization of the dead biomass was performed, including scanning electron microscope (SEM) which revealed that, the cells form a dense, amorphous cluster, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are the predominant elements in the biomass, Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified several active function groups, including hydroxyl, aliphatic C–H amide I and amide II bands, carboxylate and carbonyl (C=O). …”
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Investigating the Effect of Temperature and Time of the Process of Producing Graphene Quantum Dots by Carbonization on Structural, Microstructural, and Optical Properties by M. Nazari, H. R. Baharvandi, N. Ehsani

“…Next, the Raman test and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, photoluminescence, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were performed to investigate the properties of graphene quantum dots of the product. …”
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Fluorescence Diagnostics of Colon Malignant and Premalignant Lesions Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Elena V. Filonenko, Andrey D. Kaprin, Antonina A. Raszhivina, Antonina N. Urlova, Andrey M. Nechipai

“…The application of local fluorescence spectroscopy as a step of the combined approach allows increasing the specificity of fluorescence colonoscopy from 62.5% up to 93.7%.…”
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Catalytic efficiency of GO-PANI nanocomposite in the synthesis of N-Aryl-1,4-Dihydropyridine and hydroquinoline derivatives by Hossein Ghafuri, Moghadaseh keshvari, Fatemeh Eshrati, Peyman Hanifehnejad, Atefeh Emami, Hamid Reza Esmaili Zand

“…The GO-PANI nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by various techniques, including Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), all of which confirmed the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. …”
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Employing algal extract for the fabrication of bimetallic nanoparticles: A powerful solution against tomato pathogenic fungi by Reham M. Aldahasi, Kawther Aabed, Sahar S. Alghamdi, Afrah E. Mohammed

“…The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques, including UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. …”
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Green Strategy–Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications by Keneth Iceland, Kasozi

“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra exhibited bands corresponding to different organic functional groups confirming the capping of AgNPs by PAE and CSE phytochemicals. …”
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Compatibility and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Lycopersicon esculentum peels by Esraa Ali, Samah H. Abu-Hussien, Esraa Hesham, Shimaa Ahmed, Habiba Mostafa, Ahmed Gamal, Salwa M. El-Sayed, Bahaa Hemdan, Ashraf Bakry, Naglaa M. Ebeed, Hesham Elhariry, Ahmed Galal, Basma T. Abd-Elhalim

“…Results of UV–visible spectroscopy recorded surface plasmon resonance at 310 nm for SPR of 2.5. …”
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Sustainable geopolymer adsorbents utilizing silica fume as a partial replacement for metakaolin in the removal of copper ion from synthesized copper solution by Pilomeena Arokiasamy, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Eva Arifi, Noorina Hidayu Jamil, Md Azree Othuman Mydin, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Andrei Victor Sandu, Shafiq Ishak

“…Characterization techniques such as Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the physicochemical properties of the developed geopolymer. …”
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Organotin(IV) trifluoromethanesulfonate chemistry: isolation and characterization of novel 1,10-phenanthroline-based derivatives by Cattey, Hélène, Plasseraud, Laurent

“…Salts 5 and 6 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy as well as 1H, 19F, 13C{1H}, and 119Sn{1H} NMR spectroscopy. …”
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Degradation of low-density polyethylene by a novel strain of bacteria isolated from the plastisphere of marine ecosystems by F.A. Febria, A. Syafrita, A. Putra, H. Hidayat, C. Febrion

“…Bacterial degradation ability was analyzed quantitatively based on weight loss percentage and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy values, as well as qualitatively based on changes in physical and chemical structures using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. …”
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Mathematical Fundamentals of Modern Linear Optics by Andrey V. Gitin

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Study for the Effect on Structure and Properties of Highland Barley Proteins During Stir-frying by HUANG Liang-liang, JIANG Kang-hui, LI Qi, YANG Jie, HU Yun, LI Liang

“…To investigate the effect of frying on the protein structure and properties of highland barley, the proteins extracted from highland barley before and after frying were analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, chemical bonding, microstructure and rheological property analyses. …”
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Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing by Luciana de Souza Freire, Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla, Yonny Romaguera Barcelay, Camila Macena Ruzo, Barbara Batista Salgado, Ana P. M. Tavares, Francisco Xavier Nobre, Julio Nino de Souza Neto, Spartaco Astolfi-Filho, Ștefan Țălu, Pritesh Lalwani, Niranjan Patra, Walter Ricardo Brito

“…The characterization of the CG was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). …”
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Incorporation of Capecitabine Into Extended Chain of N-Acylated Chitosan Carrier by Anita Marlina, Misni Misran, Witta Kartika Restu

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that there is no nitrogen atom in ChC18, which means that the acyl group is oriented inward and bound to the stearoyl group via van der Waals forces. …”
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Photofunctional Co-Cr Alloy Generating Reactive Oxygen Species for Photodynamic Applications by Kang-Kyun Wang, Bong-Jin Kim, Mi Hee Lee, Byeong-Ju Kwon, Dong Hoon Choi, Jong-Chul Park, Yong-Rok Kim

“…Fabrication of the photofunctionality of the Co-Cr alloy plate was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflectance UV-Vis absorption, and emission spectroscopy. …”
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