Effect of In Situ Thermal Annealing on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition by Alaa Ayad Al-mebir, Paul Harrison, Ali Kadhim, Guanggen Zeng, Judy Wu

“…Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy show that the iTAP in the optimal processing window produces considerable CdTe grain growth and improves the CdTe crystallinity, which results in significantly improved optoelectronic properties and quantum efficiency of the CdS/CdTe solar cells. …”
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Maillard Reaction in Natural Rubber Latex: Characterization and Physical Properties of Solid Natural Rubber by S. Montha, P. Suwandittakul, A. Poonsrisawat, P. Oungeun, C. Kongkaew

“…Protein cross-linking in fresh NR latex and solid NR was confirmed by using sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that degree of protein cross-linking in NR increased with increasing C5H8O2 concentration. …”
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Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Aged All-Ceramic Materials by Ali Riza Tuncdemir, Tugba Temizci

“…Background: Our research aimed to compare the biaxial flexural strength of glass ceramic and two different monolithic zirconias after aging, examine the fracture surfaces with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and perform elemental analysis with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Methods: Two types of monolithic CAD/CAM materials (Katana UTML and Prettau Anterior) and a lithium disilicate material (IPS emax Press) were selected for this study. …”
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GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR NANOPARTICLES USING ZIZIPHUS-SPINA TREE LEAVES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY by R. M. Hasan, M. M. Sirhan, H. Kh. Ali

“…The prepared sulfur nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). …”
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Correlation between shear bond strength and degree of conversion of four orthodontic adhesives. by Hangaw Tariq Ibrahim, Bayan Abdulla Hassan

“…The mode of bond failure was determined by the adhesive remnant index (ARI) index and the DC was determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Result: There was a statistically significant difference between the SBS of only Transbond XT and Orthobond plus color change adhesive while the two remaining adhesives showed no significant difference. …”
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Eco-Friendly Approach and Potential Biodegradable Polymer Matrix for WPC Composite Materials in Outdoor Application by Alessia Quitadamo, Valerie Massardier, Marco Valente

“…In order to evaluate properties of blends and composites tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and infrared spectroscopy have been performed. Wood flour seems to affect heavy blend behaviour in process production of material suggesting that future studies are needed to reduce defectiveness.…”
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Live imaging of paracrine signaling: Advances in visualization and tracking techniques by Eriko Deguchi, Michiyuki Matsuda, Kenta Terai

“…Diffusion of paracrine factors has been studied using techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence decay after photoactivation (FDAP), and single-molecule tracking. …”
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Preparation and Evaluation of a Profile Control Agent Base on Waste Drilling Fluid by Xiaoping Qin, Haiwei Lu, Yilin Li, Tong Peng, Lijie Xing, Haixi Xue, Jing Xu

“…PCAWDF was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). …”
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Analysis of Human Kidney Stones Using Advanced Characterization Techniques by Jelena Brdarić Kosanović, Kristijan Živković, Vatroslav Šerić, Berislav Marković, Imre Szenti, Ákos Kukovecz, Nives Matijaković Mlinarić, Anamarija Stanković

“…The chemical analysis included powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DSC). …”
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Effect of Tetrahydrofuran Extraction on Surface Functional Groups of Coking Coal and Its Wettability by Jian Yao, Huaijun Ji, Huazhang Lu, Tongtong Gao

“…The raw and residual coals were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with curve-fitting analysis. The variation of main surface functional groups of coking coal before and after extraction and its effect on wettability were analyzed. …”
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Efficient Removing of Pharmaceutical Contaminants of Commercial Carbamazepine by Natural Pyrite-Induced Fenton Reaction in a Wide pH Range by Tingting Shi, Jianjun Xi, Yidan Shao, Qiao Tong, Xi Zou, Hongping Zhou, Shourong Liu, Xiaoya Gao

“…The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction apparatus, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The elements composition and chemical states of pyrite changed significantly after the Fenton reaction, which promoted the production of active species in the electron transfer process. …”
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Probing spin-electric transitions in a molecular exchange qubit by Florian le Mardelé, Ivan Mohelský, Jan Wyzula, Milan Orlita, Philippe Turek, Filippo Troiani, Athanassios K. Boudalis

“…Here we perform low-temperature magnetic far-IR spectroscopy on a molecular spin triangle (Fe 3 ) and provide initial experimental evidence suggesting spin-electric transitions in polynuclear complexes. …”
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Strain-free thin film growth of vanadium dioxide deposited on 2D atomic layered material of hexagonal boron nitride investigated by their thickness dependence of insulator–metal tr... by Boyuan Yu, Shingo Genchi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Hidekazu Tanaka

“…It is confirmed that VO _2 films on hBN with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 40 nm exhibit bulk like metal–insulator transition without degradation using Raman scattering spectroscopy and electric transport measurements. These results demonstrate the importance of the 2D material nature of hBN for producing strain-free oxide thin films.…”
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Analysis of Titania Nanosheet Adsorption Behavior Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor by Yuichiro Tashiro, Satoshi Komasa, Akiko Miyake, Hiroshi Nishizaki, Joji Okazaki

“…Scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the surface topology and chemical components of each sensor. …”
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Quality Assessment Method for Chromite Sand to Reduce the Number of Cast Steel Surface Defects by T. Wróbel, J. Jezierski, D. Bartocha, E. Feliks, A. Paleń

“…This paper discusses the ability to apply the test method using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) together with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis to assess the quality of fresh chromite sand delivered by various suppliers to Huta Małapanew Sp. z o.o. …”
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Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Epoxide and CO2 Catalyzed by Carbon Nanotubes Supported Fe1.5PMo12O40 by Tahani Al-Garni, Nada Al-Jallal, Ahmed Aouissi

“…The characterization of the resulting catalysts was investigated by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). …”
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Removal of Contaminants from Industrial Lean Amine Solvent Using Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Optimized by Response Surface Methodology by Priyabrata Pal, Fawzi Banat

“…Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the polymeric hydrogel explained the adsorption process. using the best-prepared hydrogel, the percentage removal of total metal ions and total organic acid anions was 74% and 24.26%, respectively. …”
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Investigating the effectiveness of a bacterial self-healing mechanism for repairing cracks in sustainable cement mortar at low temperatures by Mahmoud A. Elshazly, Ahmed A. Elakhras, Ahmed A. Elshami, Seleem S.E. Ahmad, Mohamed A.R. Elmahdy

“…The efficiency of the bacterial strains was evaluated using a variety of techniques, such as compressive and flexural strength tests, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). …”
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A mini-review on three-electrode configuration for Solid Oxide Cells by Jing Zhu, Bin Chen, Meng Ni, Haoran Xu

“…It starts with an introduction to the principles of polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in three-electrode experiments, providing guidance for cell structure design and experiment set. …”
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Improving asphalt concrete durability through soda lignin powder by Aya K. Albayati, Amjad H. Albayati

“…SLP was characterized using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), revealing significant changes in its chemical structure post-extraction. …”
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