Diabetes Treatment with Dapagliflozin and Its Combinations: Insights from Clinical Practice by Akshay Bafna, Ajit Mehta, Rajeev Garg, Jayagopal Pathiyil Balagopalan, Rajesh Rajput, Nitin Zalte, Preethi Naik, Amarnath Sugumaran, Senthilnathan Mohanasundaram

“…As the initial choice of oral antidiabetic class (other than metformin), 43.86% of clinicians preferred sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Dapagliflozin is the most effective SGLT2i in reducing mortality/hospitalization in T2DM patients with HF (70.38%). …”
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Impact of Hospitalization on Continuation of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Comorbidities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Bethany Murphy, Simran Chahal, Elleigh Shepherd, Nicole Taylor, Austin Camp

“…Purpose: In the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), select sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are recommended based on comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). …”
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Integrated Management of Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic Syndrome: Expanding Roles of SGLT2is, GLP-1RAs, and GIP/GLP-1RAs by Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou

“…This review addresses the following critical question: How can novel anti-diabetic agents, including sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and dual gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA, offer an integrated approach to managing CRHM syndrome beyond the boundaries of traditional specialties? …”
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BDNF Levels and Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with SGLT2 Inhibitors by Betül SÜMBÜL ŞEKERCİ, Şeymanur DEMİRHAN, Esra ÇALIŞICI, Abdüsselam ŞEKERCİ

“…Clinical research on this topic is particularly limited regarding sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein essential for cognitive functions and glucose metabolism. …”
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Effect of Repetitive Glucose Spike and Hypoglycaemia on Atherosclerosis and Death Rate in Apo E-Deficient Mice by Kenichi Nakajima, Tomoya Mita, Yusuke Osonoi, Kosuke Azuma, Toshiyuki Takasu, Yoshio Fujitani, Hirotaka Watada

“…Administration of ipragliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, in the mouse model of repetitive glucose spikes inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis, whereas long-term repetitive glucose spikes, repetitive hypoglycaemia, and their combination had no significant impact on atherosclerosis. …”
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The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Vasiliki Tsampasian, Ranu Baral, Rahul Chattopadhyay, Maciej Debski, Shruti S Joshi, Johannes Reinhold, Marc R Dweck, Pankaj Garg, Vassilios S Vassiliou

“…Recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown a significant prognostic benefit of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the cardiovascular (CV) profile of patients with diabetes. …”
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The Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1RA in Frail Older People with Diabetes: A Personalised Approach Is Required by Alan J. Sinclair, Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz

“…<b>Background:</b> Frailty is an increasingly recognised complication of diabetes in older people and should be taken into consideration in management plans, including the use of the new therapies of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). …”
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Endothelial AGGF1 promotes retinal angiogenesis by coordinating TNFSF12/FN14 signalling by Ying Cheng, Man Zhang, Chenguang Li, Long Su, Lingli Fu, Shi Wu, Chaofei Xu, Bei Sun, Liming Chen

“…Additionally, we discover that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) could inhibit the AGGF1 signalling pathway early to achieve therapeutic effects. …”
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Exacerbation of diabetes due to F. Nucleatum LPS-induced SGLT2 overexpression in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells by Aiko Seki, Koichiro Kajiwara, Jumpei Teramachi, Masahiko Egusa, Takuya Miyawaki, Yoshihiko Sawa

“…Abstract Background Diabetes treatments by the control of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is commonly conducted while there are still uncertainties about the mechanisms for the SGLT2 overexpression in kidneys with diabetes. …”
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The SGLT-2 Inhibitors and their Role in the Treatment of Heart Failure - A Review of Literature by Silvia Ciraolo, Agnieszka Kulczycka-Rowicka, Joanna Wojda, Katarzyna Lesiczka-Fedoryj, Anna Walczak, Zuzanna Kościuszko, Adam Sobiński, Matylda Czerwonka, Katarzyna Kurza, Julianna Podolec

“…The development of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has shown promising cardiovascular and renal benefits beyond glucose control. …”
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Prescription pattern, glycemic control status, and predictors of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease in Ethiopia: a facility-based cr... by Oumer Sada Muhammed, Minimize Hassen, Samuel Mamusha

“…Insulin, metformin, and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed anti-diabetic drug classes which accounted for 80.2%, 59.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. …”
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Empagliflozin and Gemigliptin on LPS-Stimulated Macrophage via the IKK/NF-κB, MKK7/JNK, and JAK2/STAT1 Signalling Pathways by Nami Lee, Yu Jung Heo, Sung-E Choi, Ja Young Jeon, Seung Jin Han, Dae Jung Kim, Yup Kang, Kwan Woo Lee, Hae Jin Kim

“…Background. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs whose anti-inflammatory properties have recently become useful in tackling metabolic syndromes in chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and obesity. …”
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Effect of Combination Therapy of Canagliflozin Added to Teneligliptin Monotherapy in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study by Yoshiro Fushimi, Atsushi Obata, Junpei Sanada, Yuichiro Iwamoto, Akiko Mashiko, Megumi Horiya, Akiko Mizoguchi-Tomita, Momoyo Nishioka, Yuki Kan, Tomoe Kinoshita, Seizo Okauchi, Hidenori Hirukawa, Kenji Kohara, Fuminori Tatsumi, Masashi Shimoda, Shuhei Nakanishi, Tomoatsu Mune, Kohei Kaku, Hideaki Kaneto

“…Recently, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been very often used in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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Incidence of hyperkalemia RAASi and SGLT-2i treatment in individuals with diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis by Yahui Yuan, Yahui Yuan, Yahui Yuan, Chun Chen, Yuping Lin, Yehao Luo, Yehao Luo, Yehao Luo, Zhaojun Yang, Zhaojun Yang, Zhaojun Yang, Jingyi Guo, Jingyi Guo, Jingyi Guo, Qiaoyun Liu, Qiaoyun Liu, Qiaoyun Liu, Lu Sun, Guanjie Fan, Guanjie Fan, Guanjie Fan

“…BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the incidence of hyperkalemia and serum potassium levels associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and concurrent use of these medications in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).MethodsA comprehensive systematic search was performed in EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed database, covering studies up to March 2024. …”
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Temporal trends in guideline-recommended medical therapy after an acute heart failure decompensation event: an observational analysis from Generator Heart Failure DataMart by Antonio Gasbarrini, Giuseppe Patti, Filippo Crea, Giovanni Scambia, Domenico D'Amario, Vincenzo Valentini, Gianluigi Savarese, Alfredo Cesario, Jacopo Lenkowicz, Stefano Patarnello, Renzo Laborante, Agni Delvinioti, Andrada Mihaela Tudor, Chiara Iacomini, Antonio Iaconelli, Donato Antonio Paglianiti, Mattia Galli, Daniele Rodolico, Attilio Restivo, Giuseppe Ciliberti, Gaetano Rizzo, Emiliano Bianchini, Matteo Busti, Luca Sensini

“…The entire cohort was divided into three time periods based on two time points: September 2021 (ie, the release of the latest European guidelines) and January 2022 (ie, reimbursement for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors).Primary and secondary outcome measures Trends and predictors of the prescription of each of the four foundational therapies and of the composite of all-cause death and rehospitalisation for urgent causes at 30 days.Results Among the 999 included patients, β-blockers were prescribed in 93% of patients, ACE inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/angiotensin–neprilysin receptor inhibitor (ARNi) in 73%, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in 30% and SGLT2 inhibitors in 18%. …”
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The Protocol for the Multi-Ethnic, multi-centre raNdomised controlled trial of a low-energy Diet for improving functional status in heart failure with Preserved ejection fraction (... by Noelle Robertson, Melanie J Davies, Thomas Yates, Gerry P McCann, Gaurav Singh Gulsin, Emer M Brady, Joanne V Wormleighton, Eylem Levelt, Oliver Rider, Jiliu Pan, Christopher Miller, Iain Squire, Mehak Asad, Fardad Soltani, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou, Rachel L Brown, Joanna M Bilak

“…Randomisation is stratified by sex, ethnicity, and baseline Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i) use, using the electronic database RedCap with allocation concealment. …”
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SGLT2-inhibitors in diabetic patients with severe aortic stenosis and cardiac damage undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by Pasquale Paolisso, Marta Belmonte, Emanuele Gallinoro, Roberto Scarsini, Luca Bergamaschi, Leonardo Portolan, Matteo Armillotta, Giuseppe Esposito, Elisabetta Moscarella, Giovanni Benfari, Claudio Montalto, Monika Shumkova, Elayne Kelen de Oliveira, Francesco Angeli, Mateusz Orzalkiewicz, Margherita Fabroni, Nurcan Baydaroglu, Andrea Raffaele Munafò, Daniele Oreste D’Atri, Matteo Casenghi, Lucia Scisciola, Michelangela Barbieri, Raffaele Marfella, Felice Gragnano, Edoardo Conte, Dario Pellegrini, Alfonso Ielasi, Daniele Andreini, Martin Penicka, Jacopo Andrea Oreglia, Paolo Calabrò, Antonio Bartorelli, Carmine Pizzi, Tullio Palmerini, Marc Vanderheyden, Francesco Saia, Flavio Ribichini, Emanuele Barbato

“…We aimed to investigate cardiac remodeling and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients with severe AS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, and extra-valvular cardiac damage (EVCD) undergoing TAVI treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus other glucose-lowering strategies (no-SGLT2i users). …”
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Optimizing Prescribing for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Through the Development and Validation of Algorithms for Community Pharmacists by Jennifer Morris, Marisa Battistella, Karthik Tennankore, Steven Soroka, Cynthia Kendell, Penelope Poyah, Keigan More, Mathew Grandy, Thomas Ransom, Natalie Kennie-Kaulbach, Daniel Rainkie, Jaclyn Tran, Syed Sibte Raza Abidi, Samina Abidi, Nicole Fulford, Heather Neville, Heather Naylor, Lisa Woodill, Andrea Bishop, Glenn Rodrigues, Diane Harpell, Michelle Stewart, Jo-Anne Wilson

“…Best evidence was collated with literature searches, and experts in nephrology, endocrinology, family medicine, nursing, and pharmacy revised the algorithms until there was consensus agreement on 4 final algorithms (detection of T2D and CKD, initiation/titration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and initiation/management of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and finerenone). Six community pharmacists per round for 3 rounds were needed to validate the algorithms. …”
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SGLT-2 Inhibitors—a Culprit of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Postbariatric Surgery by Qasim Zafar Iqbal, Danil Mishiyev, Muhammad Raphay Niazi, Zeeshan Zia, Saud Bin Abdul Sattar, Abdullah Jahanghir, Shahed Quyyumi

“…Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that are currently being recommended as second-line therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. …”
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The challenges of using Escherichia coli as a host in recombinant insulin production by Muhammad Taher

“…The drugs are mainly fall under the following segment: biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dopamine-d2 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransport-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and meglitinides (Malaysia Oral Anti-Diabetic Drug Market Size | Mordor Intelligence, 2025). …”
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