KCNJ11: Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus by Polin Haghvirdizadeh, Zahurin Mohamed, Nor Azizan Abdullah, Pantea Haghvirdizadeh, Monir Sadat Haerian, Batoul Sadat Haerian

“…Numerous studies have reported the involvement of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the KCNJ11 gene and their interactions in the susceptibility to DM. This review discusses the current evidence for the contribution of common KCNJ11 genetic variants to the development of DM. …”
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The Danger Model Approach to the Pathogenesis of the Rheumatic Diseases by César Pacheco-Tena, Susana Aideé González-Chávez

“…However recent insights in the proteomics of diverse tissular cells have revealed that under stressful conditions they have a significant potential to initiate, coordinate, and perpetuate autoimmune processes, in many cases, ruling over the adaptive immune response cells; this ruling potential can also be confirmed by observations in several genetically manipulated animal models. Here, we review the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease and provide realistic approaches based on the logic of the danger model. …”
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Comparison of Primary Simple Closure and Limberg Flap Technique in Pilonidal Sinus by Hafiza Kiran Saleem Butt, Aamna Nazir, Muhammad Atif Khan, Muhammad Idrees Anwar, Hira Waris, Shahzaib Maqbool

“…Materials and methods It was a randomized prospective study conducted at the Department of Surgery—removed for blind review-- from December 2018 to June 2021. Sixty male patients aged 15-30 years presenting with pilonidal sinus for the first time were included in the study. …”
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The Utility of Endoscopic Biopsies in Patients with Normal Upper Endoscopy by Anouar Teriaky, Abdullah AlNasser, Carolyn McLean, James Gregor, Brian Yan

“…Clinical, procedural, and pathology reports were reviewed to identify patient demographics, procedure information, and pathology diagnosis. …”
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Long-Term Common Resources Management and Resilience in a Local Community: How Kinosaki Onsen could Quickly Respond to COVID-19? by Ayako MORISHITA, Toshio GOTO

“…Focusing on the case of Kinosaki Onsen, Hyogo Prefecture, our literature review and interviews with CEOs of family-owned hot spring inns in operation for centuries, reveal this community of 3,125 habitants developed a governance mechanism of shared hot spring resources to solve the social dilemma starting in the 18th century, which was developed into a community resilience system through their experiences with major earthquakes and other crises, under the leadership of community-embedded family business members over generations, based on their generational social capital in the community. …”
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A Molecular and Whole Body Insight of the Mechanisms Surrounding Glucose Disposal and Insulin Resistance with Hypoxic Treatment in Skeletal Muscle by R. W. A. Mackenzie, P. Watt

“…There is little doubt that acute hypoxia increases glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and does so using the same pathway as muscle contraction. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an insight into the mechanisms underpinning the observed effects and to open up discussions around the conflicting data surrounding hypoxia and glucose control.…”
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Genetic and molecular mechanisms of hydrocephalus by Xuehai Deng, Xuehai Deng, Yiqian Chen, Yiqian Chen, Qiyue Duan, Qiyue Duan, Jianlin Ding, Jianlin Ding, Zhong Wang, Zhong Wang, Junchi Wang, Xinlong Chen, Liangxue Zhou, Long Zhao

“…Several studies have demonstrated that modulating the expression of key proteins, including TGF-β, VEGF, Wnt, AQP, NF-κB, and NKCC, can significantly influence the onset and progression of hydrocephalus. This review summarizes and discusses key mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus at both the genetic and molecular levels. …”
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Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion: Challenges and Proposed Solutions by Mohammad Izadi Najafabadi, Nuraini Abdul Aziz

“…In this study a literature review on HCCI engine has been performed and HCCI challenges and proposed solutions have been investigated from the point view of Ignition Timing that is the main problem of this engine. …”
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The Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy, 670 nm, on Epiphyseal Growth in Rats by Adriana Regina de Andrade, Anamaria Meireles, Elisangela Lourdes Artifon, Rose Meire Costa Brancalhão, José Roberto Leonel Ferreira, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini

“…No differences were observed in any of the reviews (radiological and histological), when comparing the right sides (treated) to the left (untreated). …”
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Plasticity and Awareness of Bodily Distortion by Mariella Pazzaglia, Marta Zantedeschi

“…The origins of such distortions are unclear. In this review, we consider three possible sources of awareness that inform body distortion. …”
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Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration by R. C. Patra, Amiya K. Rautray, D. Swarup

“…Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects.…”
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Stem Cells by Nima Purvis, Andrew Bahn, Rajesh Katare

“…Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of miRs in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as other physiological and pathological processes related to stem cell function. This review summarises the current understanding of the role of miRs in CSCs. …”
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Large language models for causal hypothesis generation in science by Kai-Hendrik Cohrs, Emiliano Diaz, Vasileios Sitokonstantinou, Gherardo Varando, Gustau Camps-Valls

“…Specifically, we introduce a spectrum of integration methods for experts, LLMs, and data-driven approaches. We review existing approaches for causal hypothesis generation and classify them within this spectrum. …”
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Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO Classification, Assessment, and Management by Jesús Barrio-Barrio, Alfonso L. Sabater, Elvira Bonet-Farriol, Álvaro Velázquez-Villoria, Juan C. Galofré

“…Current treatments are reviewed and management guidelines according to the severity and activity of the disease are provided. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Aleksandar Arsenijevic, C. Randall Harrell, Crissy Fellabaum, Vladislav Volarevic

“…Due to their immunomodulatory characteristics, MSCs are considered as promising therapeutic agents for the therapy of autoimmune liver diseases, including PBC. In this review, we have summarized the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the treatment of these diseases, emphasizing molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for MSC-based effects in an animal model of PBC and therapeutic potential observed in recently conducted clinical trials. …”
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Plasma membrane and nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signalling in cancer by Agnieszka Chytła, Stephanie Rattay, Baki Akgül, Martin Sztacho

“…Elevated levels of membrane lipids, including sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), in the PM, contribute to changes in membrane rigidity, lipid raft formation, and actin polymerisation dynamics, processes that drive cell invasion. This review discusses the relationship between well-studied cytoplasmic phosphoinositides and their lesser-known nuclear counterparts, highlighting their functional role in metastatic progression. …”
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Relapsed childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma by Andrew D. Hughes, Petri Pölönen, David T. Teachey

“…Given these insights into disease biology and the development of targeted and immune-based treatments, it is reasonable to hope for improved patient outcomes, although challenges still exist. In this review, we summarize the present state of understanding of the risk factors for relapse of T-ALL/LBL, established treatment regimens, and the promising small molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of relapsed/refractory T-ALL/LBL. …”
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GenAI synthesis of histopathological images from Raman imaging for intraoperative tongue squamous cell carcinoma assessment by Bing Yan, Zhining Wen, Lili Xue, Tianyi Wang, Zhichao Liu, Wulin Long, Yi Li, Runyu Jing

“…The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions. Independently reviewed by three pathologists, the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%. …”
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Inducers of Autophagy and Cell Death: Focus on Copper Metabolism by Weikang Ling, Shuo Li, Yang Zhu, Xin Wang, Dongmei Jiang, Bo Kang

“…Furthermore, autophagy may be activated by a disruption in copper homeostasis, while it plays a dual role in regulating copper-induced cell death by acting both as an inhibitor of cell death and as a promoter of cytotoxicity. This review summarizes research progress on copper metabolic patterns, molecular mechanisms of copper-induced cell death, and mechanisms of copper-induced autophagy-cytotoxicity interactions. …”
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First Principles Study of Electronic, Vibrational, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Sc‐X (X = P, S, Se) Compounds by S. K. Yadav, S. Dahal, R. Khadka, B. Guragain, P. Pokharel, P. Oli, D. Adhikari

“…ABSTRACT The available literature on Sc‐X (X = P, S, Se) compounds was comprehensively reviewed which revealed the unavailability of temperature‐dependent mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the materials to date. …”
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