An Evaluation of Deep Learning Methods for Small Object Detection by Nhat-Duy Nguyen, Tien Do, Thanh Duc Ngo, Duy-Dinh Le

“…In this study, we evaluate current state-of-the-art models based on deep learning in both approaches such as Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, RetinaNet, and YOLOv3. We provide a profound assessment of the advantages and limitations of models. …”
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Infectious scleritis: a review of etiologies, clinical features, and management strategies by Supriya Sharma, Jay U. Sheth, Somasheila I. Murthy, Somasheila I. Murthy

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Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy-Related Disease-Causing Genes and Norrin/β-Catenin Signal Pathway: Structure, Function, and Mutation Spectrums by Hongtao Xiao, Yuna Tong, Yuxuan Zhu, Min Peng

“…Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization/abnormality of peripheral retina. Four of the identified disease-causing genes of FEVR were NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12, the protein coded by which were the components of the Norrin/β-catenin signal pathway. …”
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The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitor on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy by Wenjun Sha, Song Wen, Lin Chen, Bilin Xu, Tao Lei, Ligang Zhou

“…Recent studies have found that SGLT2 is also expressed in the human retina. Now, the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy with SGLT2i while reducing blood sugar has become a new research field. …”
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A Comprehensive Review on Methodologies Employed for Visual Evoked Potentials by Ruchi Kothari, Pradeep Bokariya, Smita Singh, Ramji Singh

“…The visual evoked potential (VEP) is among those evoked potentials that are the bioelectric signals generated in the striate and extrastriate cortex when the retina is stimulated with light which can be recorded from the scalp electrodes. …”
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Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS: Adult Neurogenesis by Sukla Ghosh, Subhra Prakash Hui

“…Zebrafish is an excellent animal model, which can repair several organs like damaged retina, severed spinal cord, injured brain and heart, and amputated fins. …”
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Mechanisms of Inflammation in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: From Bench to Bedside by Stavros N. Moysidis, Aristomenis Thanos, Demetrios G. Vavvas

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EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER INFECTED WITH A PATHOGENIC WOLBACHIA STRAIN by A. A. Strunov, Yu. Yu. Ilinskii, I. K. Zakharov, E. V. Kiseleva

“…The pathogenic Wolbachia strain wMelPop is detected in the central nervous system, muscles, and retina of Drosophila melanogaster. It reduces the host lifetime twofold. …”
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Diabetic Retinopathy and BDNF: A Review on Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications by Mehrdad Afarid, Ehsan Namvar, Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi

“…They have neuroprotective effects on the retina. However, there are controversial results on the relation between these two factors. …”
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The role of neurotrophic factors in retinal ganglion cell resiliency by Alan K. Abraham, Alan K. Abraham, Michael Telias, Michael Telias

“…The death of RGCs in either case will irreversibly cause loss of vision, as RGCs are the sole output neurons of the retina. RGC neurodegeneration affects certain neurons preferentially, resulting in subpopulations of resilient and susceptible cells. …”
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Factores de riesgo para enfermedades oculares. Importancia de la prevención by Armando Rafael Milanés Armengol, Katia Molina Castellanos, Marla Milanés Molina, Ángel Miguel Ojeda León, Alina González Díaz

“…El aumento de la incidencia de enfermedades oculares es multifactorial; los factores de riesgo relacionados con el individuo, el medio ambiente y la luminancia solar inciden en su génesis. La retina absorbe millares de fotones que provienen de los rayos ultravioletas y del espectro azul que son los causantes de una mayor fototoxicidad y provocan lesiones irreversibles. …”
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Quantitative Multiparameter Evaluation of Vacuoles in Intraocular Lenses Employing a High-Magnification Digital Microscopy Method by Vincent Spiezio, Bennett N. Walker, Don Calogero, Ilko K. Ilev

“…This unwanted scatter is of particular concern for patients viewing bright light in reduced-light conditions such as when driving at night, as the scattered light toward the retina can cause temporary blindness. In this study, we have developed and implemented an accurate test methodology based on a high-magnification digital microscopy approach for quantitative multiparameter evaluation and classification of IOL vacuoles depending on their critical optical characteristics including vacuole size, density, shape, and orientation within the IOL material. …”
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A Unique Case of Autoimmune Retinopathy Associated with Anti-Alpha-Enolase Antibodies by Paul A. Kurz, Rachel E. Reem, Daryl E. Kurz, Richard G. Weleber

“…Biomicroscopy revealed subtle small reddish spots in areas of the peripheral retina corresponding to the areas of the patient’s visual field where he noted symptoms. …”
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Quantifying monochromatic and polychromatic optical blur anisotropy in the periphery of myopes and emmetropes using a radial asymmetry metric by Chloe Degre Kendrick, Dibyendu Pusti, Geunyoung Yoon

“…Myopes were significantly more likely to have vertically oriented blur than emmetropes under monochromatic conditions in the temporal peripheral retina beyond 20°. These differences were minimized when chromatic aberrations were included, though the trend remained the same.ImplicationsA trend of more vertical optical blur in the temporal periphery of myopes strengthens the hypothesis that myopes experience different peripheral optical blur than emmetropes, though the small sample size of the current study limits generalizability of the results. …”
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An Update on Corneal Biomechanics and Architecture in Diabetes by María A. del Buey, Paula Casas, Constanza Caramello, Nuria López, Marisa de la Rica, Ana B. Subirón, Elena Lanchares, Valentín Huerva, Andrzej Grzybowski, Francisco J. Ascaso

“…Although the main and most widely recognized ocular effect of diabetes is on the retina, the structure of the cornea (the outermost and transparent tissue of the eye) can also be affected by the poor glycemic control characterizing diabetes. …”
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Inhibition of Src signaling induces autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii via PTEN-mediated deactivation of Akt. by Alyssa Hubal, Anusha Vendhoti, Charles N Shaffer, Sarah Vos, Yalitza Lopez Corcino, Carlos S Subauste

“…However, EGFR expression is limited in the brain and retina, organs affected in toxoplasmosis. This raises the possibility that T. gondii activates a signaling mechanism independently of EGFR to avoid autophagic targeting. …”
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Five-Month Observation of Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema after Intravitreal Injection of Ozurdex Implant by Dominik Zalewski, Dorota Raczyńska, Krystyna Raczyńska

“…The average thickness of the retina at baseline was 632 μm, the medial BCVA was 0.8 logMAR, and corrected intraocular pressure was 13.7 mmHg. …”
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Regulation of Posttranscriptional Modification as a Possible Therapeutic Approach for Retinal Neuroprotection by Yoko Ozawa, Toshihide Kurihara, Kazuo Tsubota, Hideyuki Okano

“…In diabetic retinopathy, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling activates ERK in the inner layers of the retina, causing UPS-mediated excessive degradation of the synaptic vesicle protein, synaptophysin. …”
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Quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) analysis of macular microvascular alterations in Bietti crystalline dystrophy by Shiyi Yin, Jinyuan Wang, Haihan Zhang, Xuan Yang, Jingting Luo, Wenbin Wei

“…OCTA parameters of the retina and choroid demonstrate varying degrees of correlation with visual function, underscoring their potential as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic efficacy.…”
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Capacitance Measurements of Exocytosis From AII Amacrine Cells in Retinal Slices by Espen Hartveit, Margaret Veruki

“…The AII is an important inhibitory interneuron of the mammalian retina that plays an important role in integrating rod and cone pathway signals. …”
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