Deux questions à propos de l’implication mutuelle de l’esprit critique et de la laïcité dans l’appréhension républicaine de l’éducation morale et civique by Roger Monjo

“…In the republican understanding of the missions assigned to school, both concepts of secularism and critical thinking are traditionally associated to each other: the development of critical thinking can only happen in an educational institution obeying to the principle of secularism and vice versa; the development of critical thinking allows the reinforcement and strengthening of the legitimacy of this principle. …”
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Predicting the Image of Turkey and the Prime Minister Erdoğan Through Content Analysis of National News Media Coverage of Davos Incident by Elif Engin, Güler Şener

“…The analysis showed that the newspapers differ in their portrayal of the incident and in their construction of the image of Prime Minister Erdoğan and Turkey. Newspapers in the republican-laic side of the political spectrum in Turkey assessed the incident in negative terms and reflected a more negative image for both Prime Minister Erdoğan and Turkey, whereas newspapers with a conservative-democrat line portrayed more positive images.…”
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The Use of L-Menthol in Endoscopic Transpapillary Interventions. Prospective Randomized Dual-Center Study by M. A. Anishchenko, M. A. Nazmeev, S. G. Shapovalyants, S. A. Budzinsky, A. V. Rogov, R. R. Zaynutdinov, A. S. Melnikova, E. D. Fedorov, E. N. Platonova

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Occupational burn-out, fatigue and stress in professional rescuers: a cross-sectional study in Kazakhstan by Denis Vinnikov, Zhangir Tulekov, Gulnara Kapanova, Zhanna Romanova, Ilya Krugovykh, Sundetgali Kalmakhanov, Aliya Ualiyeva, Kaini Baigonova, Damet Ongarbaeva

“…Objectives To find predictors of burn-out in a cohort of rescuers.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting Republican Rescue Squad (N=105) and Republican Mudslide Rescue Service under the Ministry of Emergency Situations (N=480) in Almaty, Kazakhstan.Participants In total, we included 268 (80% men, median age 38 (IQR 22) years) rescuers from both organisations.Primary and secondary outcome measures We offered a questionnaire to rescuers, which included Maslach Burnout Inventory, quantifying emotional exhaustion (EX), cynicism (CY) and professional efficacy (PE) along with fatigue, stress and health-related quality of life (HRQL) tools.Results Lower scores of HRQL (Physical Component Score (PCS) beta −0.04 (95% CI −0.06 to −0.02); Mental Component Score beta −0.03 (95% CI −0.05 to −0.01)), higher fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score beta 0.03 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.04)) and stress (Perceived Stress Score-10 beta 0.04 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.06)) independently predicted greater EX. …”
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Contribution de la philosophie de Nicolas Grimaldi à la réflexion éducative by Yoann Daumet

“…This spirituality was a central dimension of classical republican thought. It was part of a humanistic faith and seems to have been swept away by the criticism of this humanism by the human sciences to the point that founding a secular spirituality of the school may seem today a challenge. …”
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Les États-Unis à l’heure du choix. Entre conservatisme républicain et pragmatisme démocrate by Meriem Naili

“…Far from a mere partisan contest, the election of November 3, 2020 represented a moment of truth for a Republican presidency marked by the appearance and affirmation of “Trumpism” and a Democratic opposition on the path to structural and ideological reinvention ever since Donald Trump’s 2016 election. …”
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Rafael del Riego, mártir en vida by Maud Le Guellec

“…His sacrificial death enabled him to be immortalised as the most emblematic victim of tyranny, and this status was widely used by the defenders of liberalism and later on by republicans. The question raised by this article is whether he obtained the title of «martyr» even before the 7th of November 1823. …”
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Scientific Relations Between Turkey and Germany: Turkish-German Universities by Fahri Türk, Servet Çınar

“…Following a brief history of Turkish-German relations, the importance of the republican period as well as Turkish-German universities regarding the relations between both countries will be analysed through expert opinions and empirical data.…”
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El semanario Vida Socialista. ¿Una empresa generacional? by Alberto Núñez Rodríguez

“…Meliá, was also one of the main press organs of the PSOE during the period of the Republican Socialist Coalition.…”
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La spiritualité à l’école laïque : donner forme au sentiment de l’infini  by Jean-Marc Lamarre

“…Initially (Quinet, Buisson, Jaurès), the secular education was a spiritual secular education and the republican school was a school without any religion but not without any spirituality. …”
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Des compétences clés européennes au Socle commun français : importation d’un nouveau paradigme et réaffirmation des fondamentaux de l’École républicaine by Jean-François Nordmann

“…But this comparison also brings forth that the French decree undertakes an important rewriting work which deeply modifies its spirit and allows a reassessment of the fundamental educational missions proper to French Republican school. In this respect, the reconfigurations within the statement of the 6th and 7th French competences are particularly significant as well as those regarding the 5th competence.…”
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Sobre a recepção de O Antigo Regime e a Revolução pela historiografia da Revolução Francesa: da publicação da obra ao contexto do Bicentenário de 1789 by José Miguel Nanni Soares

“…The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview –although summary– of The Old Regime and the Revolution by the historiography of the French Revolution, from its publication to the context of the Bicentennial celebration (1789-1989).Among other aspects, it was demonstrated how, in spite of relevant and favorable opinions from eminent historians and literary critics, the famous Tocqueville work faced serious editorial and ideological challenges in the period between June 1856 and the first centenary of its appearance.In the wake of the postwar changes of the 1950s and, to a large extent, due to the important contributions of the eminent republican and socialist historian Georges Lefebvre, Tocqueville’s historical work began to attract a growing consideration of academic historians and the general public, becoming a pivotal author in both historiography and contemporary political debate during and after the celebration of the Bicentenary of the Revolution of 1789.…”
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El ocaso de un siglo: representaciones de Emilia Pardo Bazán en el diario El Pueblo (1899) by Blanca Cerdá Aznar

“…This article is interested in the representations of these events in the republican newspaper El Pueblo. It approaches the compendium of cultural, visual and textual products on the public figure of a woman of letters. …”
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Paganism in Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure: The Possibility of Faith and Ethics in a Darwinian World by Marie Panter

“…By using Darwin, he relates to the early romantic debates with Deism, natural philosophy, and the foundation of republican ethics and politics.…”
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Official Status As a Tool of Language Revival? A Study of the Language Laws in Russia’s Finno-Ugric Republics by Konstantin Zamyatin

“…The aim is to understand whether the republican authorities intended to use the official designation of state language as a policy device with which to ensure the revival of titular languages. …”
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BUSINESS IN THE REPUBLIC NORTHERN OSSETIA-ALANYA: STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS by V. Balikoyev, Z. Dzakoev, M. Kantemirova

“…For the purpose of providing a sustainable development of business authors consider expedient development of republican strategy of development of small and medium-sized enterprises and creation of conditions of its realization taking into account further expansion of opportunities of public-private partnership. …”
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Historia y memorias de la posguerra. Paracuellos y el recuerdo del Auxilio Social by Ángela Cenarro, Elena Masarah

“…In its most emblematic institution, the children’s homes, the children of the Republicans and the victims of war, reprisals or exile, as well as those of families devastated by destitution in the post-war, should become «active servants of a fair Spain». …”
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Modern transcriptome data processing algorithms: a review of methods and results of approbation by M. V. Sprindzuk, L. P. Titov, A. P. Konchits, L. V. Mozharovskaya

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ANTHROPOPHILOUS REPRESENTATIVES OF BRASSICACEAE BURNETT OF THE NORTHERN TURAN (CONSPECTUS OF SPECIES) by P. V. Vesselova

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The Emotional Museum. Thoughts on the “Secular Relics” of Nineteenth-Century History Museums in Paris and their Posterity by Felicity Bodenstein

“…Indeed this museographical tradition still holds an important place in museums today, especially in biographical or personal museums, its appearance during the Revolution and its subsequent development will be considered as the transposition of a commemorative practice taken from Catholicism and introduced into the secular world of French Republican museum but also as a transfer from the private to the public sphere. …”
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