Preparation and Properties of Segmented Quasi-Dynamic Display Device by Dengwu Wang, Fang Wang

“…Through the combination of 555 counter and relay, quasi-dynamic electronic ink display was able to be achieved at the voltage of 15 V. …”
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Stations routières en Gaule romaine : architecture, équipements et fonctions by Fabien Colleoni

“…This collection aims to expand the literature on relay stations in Roman Gaul. The subject, which is of interest to both political and economic history, warrants a new perspective in the light of recent archaeological data emerging for the period from the end of the Republican era to late Antiquity. …”
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Delay-aware cross-layer optimization method for FANET by Shaojie WEN, Chuanhe HUANG

“…An asynchronous distributed cross-layer optimization (ADCO) method was proposed to solve the problem of jointly considering real-time routing,rate allocation and power control in FANET (flying ad hoc network).And a delay-constrained cross-layer optimization framework was designed to formally represent proposed problem.Then Lagrangian relaxation and dual decomposition methods was used to divide joint optimization problem into several sub-problems.ADCO allowed each relay node to perform the optimization operation for different sub-problems with local information,and the relay nodes could update the dual variables based on asynchronous update mechanism.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the network performance effectively in terms of energy efficiency,packet timeout ratio and network throughput.…”
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Grid Forming Inverter With Increased Short-Circuit Contribution to Address Inverter-Based Microgrid Protection Challenges by Maximiliano Ferrari, Leon M. Tolbert, Emilio C. Piesciorovsky

“…For the prototype testbed, this was sufficient to enable the use of traditional legacy overcurrent protection, achieving the fuse-to-relay and relay-to-relay minimum coordination time for the line-to-ground, line-to-line to ground, and three-phase electrical faults.…”
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PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM KONTROL KIPAS ANGIN DAN LAMPU OTOMATIS BERBASIS SAKLAR SUARA MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO by Pensi Asmaleni, Dedy Hamdani, Indra Sakti

“…kata kunci: Bluetooth HC-05, relay empat channel, saklar suara, arduino uno.   …”
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Fermat point based connectivity restoration strategy in networks by Zhaobin ZHOU, Hongyan ZHANG, Xiaoding WANG

“…The connectivity restoration ensures the availability and reliability of a network.Both of geometrical features and topological structures should be taken into consideration at the same time,without which previous works can hardly restore the connectivity with the least number of relay nodes.The Fermat point,the triangulation and the minimum spanning tree are integrated with the design of an efficient restoration strategy.The theoretical analysis indicate that the approximation ratio of the proposed strategy is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>3</mn><msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo><msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mfrac></math></inline-formula>and the complexity of which is O(n log n).Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms other strategies in the number of relay nodes required.…”
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Fundamental performance bounds for multi-performance criteria in wireless ad hoc networks by Qi WANG, Jaffrès-Runser Katia, Yi SUN, Jun LI, Jun ZHANG, Bin DA, Zhong-cheng LI

“…In wireless ad hoc networks,the fundamental performance bounds could provide insight to improve network routing or resource allocation protocol as well as an upper bound against which to compare the performance of existing protocols.This work addresses the problem of deriving fundamental performance bounds including Pareto optimal upper and lower bounds for wireless ad hoc networks when multiple criteria including throughput,delay and energy are of interest.It is based on a performance evaluation framework composed of a broadcast and interference-limited network model.Fundamental performance bounds derived for a 1-relay and a 2-relay with multi-flow topologies are assessed through simulations.The model is validated with highest RMSE lower than 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;.…”
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A load balanced and energy efficient underwater clustering protocol for UWSN by Xinbin LI, Mengling GAO, Lei YAN

“…Focused on the low energy efficiency and short lifetime of underwater wireless sensor network（UWSN）,a load balanced and energy efficient underwater clustering（LBEEUC）protocol for UWSN was proposed.For cluster head settings,due to the consideration of load balanced,the proportion of cluster heads based on experience-load was set.The area with high experience-load could obtain more cluster heads than other areas to process data forwarding.And then,for intra-cluster communication,some relay nodes were set to save energy of long range data transmission between cluster head and nodes.Relay nodes also could be used to eliminate redundant information by advance data fusion.Finally,for inter-cluster routing,Q-learning algorithm was used to implement optimal path planning based on the criterion of least energy consuming.The simulation results demonstrate that the LBEEUC protocol can efficiently improve the energy utilization,prolong the network lifetime and balance the energy consumption of the network.…”
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Assessing the Complexity of Intelligent Parks’ Internet of Things Big Data System by Jialu Liu, Renzhong Guo, Zhiming Cai, Wenjian Liu, Wencai Du

“…The traditional IoT systems are analyzed; on this basis, a relay node is added to the transmission path of the data information, and an intelligent park IoT big data system is constructed based on relay cooperation with a total of three hops. …”
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Optimal OCR coordination in a high penetration distribution power system using a refined immune algorithm with an auto-tuning reproductive mechanism by Tung-Sheng Zhan, Yih-Der Lee, Jheng-Lun Jiang

“…The strategy to optimize the operation time of overcurrent relays involved adjusting the time multiplier setting (TMS) and pickup current setting (PCS) for each relay, focusing on improving relay coordination. …”
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Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Diversity for Green UWB-Based WBSNs by Heba Shaban, Mohamad Abou El-Nasr

“…Numerical results are provided for the performance evaluation of optimal and suboptimal template-based nodes with and without relay cooperation. Results show that one relay node provides ~23 dB performance enhancement at BER, which mitigates the effect of the nondesirable non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links in WBSNs.…”
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Data transmission algorithm of vehicle Ad Hoc network based on channel switching by Tiaojuan REN, Jinhao WAN, Yourong CHEN, Siyi LU, Banteng LIU

“…A data transmission algorithm of vehicle Ad Hoc network based on channel switching (DTA) was proposed.In the DTA,three network layers were considered,such as vehicle nodes,relay nodes and sink nodes.The vehicle nodes were classified by the information of vehicle’s driving direction.The vehicle nodes channel distribution and switching mechanism was proposed to reduce the interference of communication.Then a rapid transmission of relay nodes was proposed.A priority transmission method for emergency information was proposed to classify data with different queues and send data as their queues’ priority.Simulation results show that DTA can effectively achieve the rapid transmission of useful information,reduce unnecessary losses of energy,improve the data received rate of sink nodes,reduce the average hop number of data packets and improve coverage rate of data transmission.Under certain conditions,DTA is better than AODV and AODV-L algorithm,and is more suitable for vehicle driving environment of rapid change.…”
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Covariance matrix opportunistic cooperative spectrum sensing of high detection probability by Shunlan LIU, Jing WANG, Jianrong BAO

“…In Rayleigh fading channel, the detection probability is increased by 0.19 and 0.13, which compared with the existing energy detection spectrum sensing algorithm without relay cooperative and the covariance matrix spectrum sensing algorithm without relay cooperation, when the SNR is −10 dB. …”
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Approximately optimum power allocation based on ergodic capacity for cooperative communication systems by LIN Fei1, LUO Tao1, LU An-qiong1, YUE Guang-xin1

“…Conventional half-duplex amplify-and-forward（AF） method always adopted cooperative communications model regardless the fading state of the channel,which made insufficient use of the degrees of freedom of the system in a way.So,the problem about "when to cooperate" and the optimum allocation of transmitted power were discussed.An exact ergodic capacity formulation and corresponding upper bound were first derived for a two-user AF cooperative communications system.And then an approximately optimum power allocation scheme（AOPA） was proposed by making use of the upper bound as cost function.Whether the AOPA scheme adopting the cooperative model or not based on the comparison about the channel gains of source-to-destination with that of relay-to-destination.Finally,the system per-formances were analyzed with AOPA scheme when the relay moved in terms of the random direction model.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the AOPA outperforms the EPA scheme both in ergodic capacity and symbol-error-rate（SER） performance.…”
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Les paons affrontés dans l’art lombard des viii e‑ix e siècles by Raphaël Demès

“…Gathered together at the threshold of the choir, the peacocks in confrontation relay the scope of the sacrament of communion and invite the faithful to cross the frontier of the material, the visible, the sensitive. …”
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Non-orthogonal multiple access wireless energy harvesting cooperative system by Xiaoping JIN, Qing WU, Wenchao ZHAI, Jianrong BAO

“…Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently attracted wide attention as a promising multiple access technology adopted in 5G cellular networks.In order to improve the spectrum efficiency, coverage and anti-noise performance of NOMA technology, while reduce the energy consumption of the system, a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) cooperative network uplink NOMA transmission system based on orthogonal index modulation multiple access (IMMA) technology was designed, hereafter was denoted as QIMMA-SWIPT.Specifically, the QIMMA system was formed by multiple remote users, and it improved the spectrum efficiency and anti-noise performance as well as expanded the communication coverage and reduced the energy consumption of the system by decoding and forwarding relay cooperative transmission with SWIPT technology.The theoretical upper bound of the average bit error rate of QIMMA-SWIPT was derived.Simulation and analysis demonstrate that, under the same spectrum efficiency, the bit error rate performance of the cooperative QIMMA-SWIPT system is better than that of the cooperative IMMA-SWIPT and SCMA-SWIPT systems.In addition, the effects of power cut factor and source-to-relay distance on bit error performance were also deeply analyzed.…”
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Reliable and Swift Message Broadcast Method in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks by Jaesung Park, Yujin Lim

“…In RSMB, to expedite message dissemination process, a relay node is selected in a distributed manner considering the progress made to a frame and the delay requirements of an application. …”
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On the Performance of Energy Harvesting Dual-Hop Free-Space Optical Communication Systems with Secrecy Analysis by Abdulgani A. Ibrahim, Serdar Özgür Ata, Lütfiye Durak-Ata

“…In this study, we present a dual-hop decode-and-forward relaying-based free-space optical (FSO) communication system. …”
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Fault Diagnosis Method for Control Circuit of ZDJ9 Double-machine Traction Speed-up Turnout Electric Switch Machine by TANG Shaojie, TANG Kaize, GUO Lei, CUI Chen

“…［Objective］ In the ZDJ9 double-machine traction speed-up turnout electric switch control circuit, 1DQJ is an instantaneous suction relay. When the outdoor switch circuit does not form a loop, that is, in the event of a fault, the 1DQJ relay only maintains a short-term suction state for about 1s. …”
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Sistem Kendali Perangkat Elektronik Jarak Jauh Berbasis Jaringan Nirkabel Menggunakan Secure Shell (SSH) dan robot Operating System (ROS) by Abdul Jalil

“…Pada saat ROS message mengirim perintah ke GPIO untuk aktif high, maka sistem akan memberikan instruksi kepada relay untuk menyalakan perangkat elektronik. Selanjutnya pada saat GPIO menerima perintah untuk aktif low, maka sistem akan memberikan instruksi kepada relay untuk mematikan perangkat elektronik. …”
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