Diagnostic validity of the fifth edition of the Wechsler intelligence scales for children in characteristics Neuro-psychology of students with learning disability by Marzieh Shiri Aminlou, Parviz Sharifi Avaradi, Javad Khalatbari

“…The collected data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and SPSS software (Version 23).The study finally revealed that vocabulary and information tests (from verbal comprehension index), Block design with time point (from Visual-spatial index),arithmetic (from fluid reasoning scale), number span (direct), number span (reverse), picture span, letter-digit sequencing and letter-number sequencing (from working memory scale),and coding, cancellation (random), cancellation (structural), (from Processing speed index), had diagnostic validity.The fifth version of the Wechsler IQ Scales for children has diagnostic validity in the neuropsychological characteristics of students with learning disabilities and can distinguish students with learning disabilities from normal students.…”
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Reconstructing J. L. Austin’s Method: ‘Linguistic Phenomenology’ as a Technology of Philosophical Research by S. N. Kasatkin

“…Some related limitations of the author’s method are also fixed, first of all, its focus not so much on creating a ‘high’ philosophical ‘theory’, as on ensuring a greater rigor, factual rootedness and thereby usefulness of philosophical reasoning.…”
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Research review of network defense decision-making methods based on attack and defense game by Xiaohu LIU, Hengwei ZHANG, Junqiang MA, Yuchen ZHANG, Jinglei TAN

“…Game theory studies the optimal decision-making problem under the condition of conflict confrontation.It is one of the basic theories of cyberspace security, and can provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of network defense decision-making.The six game characteristics of network attack and defense were defined, such as goal opposition, strategy dependence, non-cooperative relationship, incomplete information, dynamic evolution and interest drive.Based on the hypothesis of rational player and limited resources, a 5-tuple network attack and defense game model was formally defined by using player, attack and defense strategy set, attack and defense action set, attack and defense information set and attack and defense income.The existing conditions of game equilibrium were analyzed, and the general process of network defense decision-making based on attack and defense game model was summarized.The applicable scenarios of network defense decision-making methods based on eight different types of game models were analyzed, such as complete information static game, complete information dynamic game, incomplete information static game, incomplete information dynamic game, evolutionary game, differential game, time game and random game, and summarizes their research ideas.The advantages and disadvantages of network defense decision-making methods based on different types of game models were given.The development process of network defense decision-making method based on attack defense game was summarized, and the advantages and characteristics of defense decision-making method was explained.It were pointed out that there were three problems in the research process, such as the relationship between the number of factors considered in game modeling and the complexity of the model, the dependence of game reasoning on information and data, and the generalization and migration of game model.It also looked forward to the next research direction from the description mechanism of normative strategy, the calculation method of optimizing revenue and the integration with other network security technologies.And the problems that should be solved were explained.…”
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Was Copernicus an Astrologer? by George Borski, Ivan Kolkov

“…In general, while the pro lines of reasoning are normally based upon insecure or even faulty inductive logic, their contra counterparts often suffer from ex silentio inferences or even ad ignorantiam fallacy. …”
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Frequency of Different Types of Diagnostic Errors in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study by HamidReza Naderi, Fereshte Sheybani, Omid Khosravi, Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi

“…Although diagnosis and management of CNS infection in some patients are straightforward, clinical decision making in facing patients with complex scenarios often requires clinical reasoning instead of relying only on intuitive diagnosis. …”
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Rule-based ai system for early paediatric diabetes diagnosis using backward chaining and certainty factors by Al-Hakim Rosyid R., Setiawan Retno Agus, Hidayat Rachman, Arkananta Edgina R., Samodra Galih, Jayusman Hadi, Suryani Riska, Famuji Tri Styo

“…Backward Chaining is a reasoning method that starts with a hypothesis, then there is Certainty Factor method which is would make it become certainty by calculated the value from each symptom. …”
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The Spirit and Holy Spirit in The Quran and its Exegeses by Mohammad Makdod

“…The study relies on a combination of classical exegetical methods, incorporating both narration-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ma'thūr), such as the works of al-Ṭabarī and al-Baghawī, and reasoning-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ra'y), as exemplified by the works of Imām Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. …”
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The phenomenon of media violence: Historical and philosophical genesis by M.A. Marzan

“…The representatives of these movements criticized conflicts, wars, strife, inquisitions, scaffold executions, accepting the good, reasoning power, morals. 5. Empiricists, rationalists, irrationalists, French enlighteners, representatives of subjective idealism, and others view the phenomenon of violence from different points of view. 6. …”
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Enhancing zero-shot stance detection via multi-task fine-tuning with debate data and knowledge augmentation by Qinlong Fan, Jicang Lu, Yepeng Sun, Qiankun Pi, Shouxin Shang

“…This approach aims to learn and transfer the capability of zero-shot stance detection and reasoning analysis from relevant data. Additionally, we enhance the model’s semantic understanding of the given text and targets by retrieving relevant knowledge from external knowledge bases as context, alleviating the lack of relevant contextual knowledge. …”
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DynamicVLN: Incorporating Dynamics into Vision-and-Language Navigation Scenarios by Yanjun Sun, Yue Qiu, Yoshimitsu Aoki

“…By redefining the VLN task, we emphasize that a robust and generalizable agent should not rely solely on predefined instructions but must also demonstrate reasoning skills and adaptability to unforeseen events. …”
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The On-Freezing Phenomenon: Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects by Rita Moretti, Paola Torre, Rodolfo M. Antonello, Francesca Esposito, Giuseppe Bellini

“…In a group of patients with on-freezing, we have detected an alteration of focusing attention, an impairment of set-shifting, in addition to poor abstract reasoning and a reduction of planning. These aspects have been even more evident, when compared with the results obtained by a group of PD patients, without freezing.…”
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Division the Husband and Wife Roles to Live a Domestic Life During the Pandemic Covid 19 in the Mubadala Perspective by Nur Lailatul Musyafaah, Yeni Novitasari, Tri Leli Rahmawati

“…The data was collected through interviews and documentation, then analyzed with deductive reasoning. This research concluded the roles of husband and wife in the family during this pandemic were according to the agreement between husband and wife in the economy, educate children, fand house chores. …”
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Education as a Fundamental Element in Ensuring the National Security of the State by Vasilii A. Dadalko, Aleksandr G. Kostanyants, Gleb A. Neustroev

“…During the research, various methods such as logical reasoning, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, formalization, abstraction, observation, as well as the monographic approach were used. …”
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Die Vernunft in der Tradition: Neue mathematische Untersuchungen zu den alten Begriffen der Diatonizität by Thomas Noll

“…The engagement with the music-theoretical reasoning of Carl Dahlhaus encourages the elaboration of links between older and younger traditions of systematic thought in music theory. …”
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Legal certainty as a requirement for the formalization of legal norms by Adaskalytsia K.

“…Therefore, approaches to determining the minimum threshold and a reasonable balance, which depend on a specific field of law, are proposed in the study. …”
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Judges versus artificial intelligence in juror decision-making in criminal trials: Evidence from two pre-registered experiments. by Eiichiro Watamura, Yichen Liu, Tomohiro Ioku

“…<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined whether jurors are more likely to defer to judgments by human judges or AI, especially in cases involving mitigating circumstances in which human-like reasoning may be valued.<h4>Methods</h4>Two pre-registered online experiments were conducted with Japanese participants (Experiment 1: N = 1,735, Mage = 48.4; Experiment 2: N = 1,731, Mage = 48.5). …”
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Decoding the physics of observed actions in the human brain by Moritz F Wurm, Doruk Yiğit Erigüç

“…The high level of abstraction revealed by cross-decoding suggests a general neural code supporting mechanical reasoning about how entities interact with, and have effects on, each other.…”
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Working Memory Training to Address Language Impairments in Aphasia: A Case Study by Despina Kranou-Economidou, Maria Kambanaros

“…We found a beneficial effect of iTBS and WM training on naming, reading, WM, reasoning, narrative, communication efficiency, and quality of life (QoL). …”
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Wisdom of the Established Pattern by Joel Janhonen

“…Cognitive biases are deviations from reason-based judgment-formation. They are largely due to conflicts between our subjective image of the world and objective reality. …”
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Cockpit-Llama: Driver Intent Prediction in Intelligent Cockpit via Large Language Model by Yi Chen, Chengzhe Li, Qirui Yuan, Jinyu Li, Yuze Fan, Xiaojun Ge, Yun Li, Fei Gao, Rui Zhao

“…This significantly enhances the reasoning and interpretative capabilities of intelligent cockpits.…”
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