Comparison of Aging Performances and Mechanisms: Super-Durable Fire-Resistant “Xuan Paper” Versus Chinese Traditional Xuan Paper by Li-Ying Dong, Ying-Jie Zhu, Jin Wu, Han-Ping Yu

“…Paper is a thin nonwoven material made from cellulose fibers as the main raw material together with some additives. Paper is highly flammable, leading to the destruction of countless precious ancient books, documents, and art works in fire disasters. …”
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Room Temperature Gas Sensor Based on GaN/PANI Micro Composite with Ultrahigh NH3 Gas Sensibility by LIU Xiaoru, JIA Zhengyang, GUANG Juxu, HAN Dan, SANG Shengbo

“…[Methods] The GaN micron blocks were prepared by in-situ nitridation by using gallium oxide (Ga2O3) as the raw material, then GaN/PANI gas sensing prototypes were fabricated by in-situ polymerization after pre-composition between GaN and PANI. …”
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Hybrid Models of Atmospheric Block Columns of Primary Oil Refining Unit Under Conditions of Initial Information Deficiency by Batyr Orazbayev, Zhadra Kuzhuhanova, Kulman Orazbayeva, Gulzhan Uskenbayeva, Zhanat Abdugulova, Ainur Zhumadillayeva

“…The linguistic models developed in Fuzzy Logic Toolbox allow for the assessment of the quality of gasoline from the atmospheric block depending on the content of chloride salts and the mass fraction of sulfur in the raw material. The results obtained using the proposed modeling method show their advantages in comparison with known modeling methods.…”
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BACKHAUL GAS TO UKRAINE: THE ESSENCE OF THE PROMLEM AND ITS IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR by R. Murgas

“…Another point of view regarding virtual backhaul is Russian, which initially opposed virtual reverse on the grounds that the raw material is the property of the state-owned company OAO Gazprom until it crosses the western border of Ukraine. …”
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Efficient Production of Methyl Oleate Using a Biomass-Based Solid Polymeric Catalyst with High Acid Density by Anping Wang, Heng Zhang, Hu Li, Song Yang

“…In this work, in order to prepare green, low-cost and high-efficient catalysts under mild conditions, we chose biomass-based chitosan as raw material and prepared a new solid acidic catalyst by an acid functionalization method. …”
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Cumulative Energy Demand Analysis of Commercial and Hybrid Metal-Composite Gears at Different End-of-Life Strategies by Francesco Borda, Rocco Adduci, Domenico Mundo, Francesco Gagliardi

“…The CED has been evaluated for each gear configuration quantifying the impact of each unit process involved in the production of the gear, from raw material extraction to product manufacturing and from use phase to different EoL scenarios. …”
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FEATURES OF BIOELEMENTS ACCUMULATION BY FUNGI L. EDODES DURING CULTIVATION IN SUBSTRATES ENRICHED WITH Cr, Se, Ge, Fe CITRATES by I. Andrusyshyna, O. Velikanov, D. Bakhlukov

“…Edodes to synthesise a balanced raw material base enriched with bioavailable trace elements for the creation of functional foods.…”
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不同温度烫制红油辣椒的风味研究 Flavor of chili oil poured at different temperatures by 张峰轶，王浩文，田浩，刘琨，王传明 ZHANG Fengyi, WANG Haowen, TIAN Hao, LIU Kun, WANG Chuanming

“…Raw Capsicum annuum powder was used as raw material to make chili oil with three-grade rapeseed oil at different temperatures. …”
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Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of High-purity Isomaltooligosaccharides by Sequential Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography by Shenghui RUAN, Xiqun ZHENG, Xiaolan LIU, Liangyu LI

“…In this paper, isomaltooligosaccharides 50 syrup was used as raw material and purification of isomaltooligosaccharides by sequential simulated moving bed chromatography, and the related physical and chemical properties of high-purity isomaltooligosaccharide were analyzed. …”
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Impact of the unconventional extraction on antioxidants and antimicrobial characteristics of hibiscus and olive leaves extracts by Abdel-Aziz R.E. El-Hadary, Ayat M.A. Abulmakarm, A.M. Sulieman, Gehan A. El-Shorbagy, Alaa S. Mohamed

“…HPLC assay, scavenging radical activity by DPPH˙ (IC50), inhibition lipid peroxidation by both β-Carotene/Linoleic Acid Bleaching (βCB) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) assays, antibacterial and antifungal activities measured for different concentrations of ethanolic extracts by conventional extraction (CE) and difference in pressure extraction (DPE) methods, and the results shown a considerable in mean difference (P < 0.05) between the mean values of all extracts of same raw material and also extraction methods, a positive effect for the extracts by DPE method. …”
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High-quality instant black tea manufactured using fresh tea leaves by two-stage submerged enzymatic processing by Junhao Kong, Xiufang Yang, Xiaobo Zuo, Xiaoqin Su, Bing Hu, Xinle Liang

“…Utilization of fresh leaves as raw material in IBT manufacture at low temperature may become an alternative to conventional extraction methods. …”
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Safe-and-sustainable-by-design redox active molecules for energy storage applications by Clemens Wolf, Janine Maier, Julia Wenger, Georg Rudelstorfer, Christian Leypold, Julia Voglhuber-Höller, Matiss Reinfelds, Andrea Weiner, Arantza Muriana, Susanne Lux, Claudia Mair-Bauernfeind, Andreas Falk, Stefan Spirk

“…However, we also faced severe challenges regarding access to reliable LCA data on the raw material sourcing. Conclusion Taken together, the modified designs led to safer and more sustainable redox active materials for both humans and the environment at lab scale. …”
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Experimental characterization of chemical mineral composition and morphology of titanium in carbonized slag particles by Jianxin Wang, Dong Yue, Liangying Wen, Liwen Hu, Xueming Lv

“…Based on the analysis of chemical mineral composition and particles size, it is concluded that the carbonized slag is a low-grade titanium raw material with high impurity content, uneven particle size and wide distribution range, and the only crystal phase obtained by detection is TiCxOy. …”
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Optimization of the Fermentation Process for Pine-needle Sweet-potato Glutinous Rice Wine and Analysis of Its Antioxidant Activity by Jie YOU, Rusheng XIE, Weibin WU

“…Results: The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows: pine needle mass addition of 3.3%, initial sugar content of 22.5°Bx, fermentation time of 7 d, yeast mass addition of 0.20%, solid (raw material mass):liquid (distilled water volume) ratio of 1:3 (g/mL), and fermentation temperature of 30 ℃. …”
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Advances in carbon dioxide capture and conversion technologies: Industrial integration for sustainable chemical production by Okezie Emmanuel, Rozina, Thaddeus C. Ezeji

“…It can serve as a solvent, a preservative, a raw material for producing fuels, carbonates, polymers, and chemicals, and as a recovery agent for processes such as enhanced coal bed methane and oil recovery. …”
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Valorization of raw papaya (Carica papaya) and citrus peels for development of antimicrobial and biodegradable edible film by Prathamesh Pawle, Surabhi Pandey, Arvind Kumar, Aparna Agarwal, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi, Mohd Saeed, Safia Obaidur Rab, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle

“…The present study examined that starch can be effectively used as raw material to develop biodegradable, edible films. …”
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Optimization of the Solid-state Fermentation Process for Morchella esculenta Fermented Wheat and Analysis of Its Nutritional Components, Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant... by Dandan GU, Xue DONG, Jinxiu ZHANG, Xiaoru WANG, Zongshuo ZHAO, Li'an WANG

“…Using wheat grains as the raw material and Morchella esculenta as the fermentation strain, fungus fermented wheat (FFW) was prepared through a solid-state fermentation process. …”
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Kinetics of Sphalerite Leaching by MnO₂-KI Oxidation System in Sulfuric Acid by Mladen Bugarčić, Aleksandar Jovanović, Dimitrije Anđić, Ivana Jelić, Milica Miletić, Branislav Marković, Miroslav Sokić

“…While cyclic oxidation systems like the Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ pair are known, they often fail to achieve high leaching rates, especially when the raw material contains multiple sulfide minerals. In this study, we developed a novel oxidation system using manganese dioxide (MnO₂) as the primary oxidizing agent and potassium iodide (KI) as a supporting material to create an I₂/I⁻ oxidation cycle in a sulfuric acid medium, at an atmospheric pressure between 40 °C and 80 °C. …”
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Nutritional Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Two Indigenous Quince Ecotypes from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir by Noosheen Zahid, Mehdi Maqbool, Majid Mahmood Tahir, Abdul Hamid, Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Shafique Khalid, Haseeb ur Rehman, Nasir Masood, Shahid Iqbal Awan, Javaid Riffat Khan, Asgar Ali, Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah

“…Recently, the value of this crop has increased due to demand as industrial raw material. The state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and specifically Rawalakot, District Poonch, is blessed with climatic conditions which are very much suitable for quince production, and therefore, a huge plantation could be found in wild. …”
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Bioethanol production from coconut husk using DES-NADES pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis method by Yerizam, Muhammad, Jannah, Asyeni Miftahul, Aprianti, Nabila, Yandriani, Yandriani, Rendana, Muhammad, Ernas, Annisa Qonita, Tamba, Juice Lowise

“…Among the available biomass resources for bioethanol production, coconut husk is an interesting raw material due to its high cellulose content. This study aims to evaluate the coconut husk conversion into bioethanol using DES (ChCl:MEA) and NADES (Be:La) solvents for the delignification process. …”
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