A Novel Approach for In Vitro Testing and Hazard Evaluation of Nanoformulated RyR2-Targeting siRNA Drugs Using Human PBMCs by Valeria Bettinsoli, Gloria Melzi, Angelica Crea, Lorenzo Degli Esposti, Michele Iafisco, Daniele Catalucci, Paolo Ciana, Emanuela Corsini

“…Positive controls for four toxicity pathways were identified through literature review, each associated with a specific type of cellular stress: oxidative stress (tert-butyl hydroperoxide), mitochondrial stress (rotenone), endoplasmic reticulum stress (thapsigargin), and autophagy (rapamycin). These controls were used to define specific mRNA signatures triggered in PBMCs, which were subsequently used as indicators of off-target effects. …”
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Identification of Critical Signature in Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses by Lifen Liu, Yang Liu, Rui Li, Yue Teng, Shuyang Zhao, Jinhong Chen, Changjiang Li, Xinyu Hu, Lin Sun

“…Notably enriched pathways included neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, nicotine addiction, and dopaminergic synapse. …”
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Molecular Mechanism of Local Drug Delivery with Paclitaxel-Eluting Membranes in Biliary and Pancreatic Cancer: New Application for an Old Drug by Sookhee Bang, Sung Ill Jang, Su Yeon Lee, Yi-Yong Baek, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Chang Woo Lee, Eun Ae Jo, Kun Na, Sugeun Yang, Don Haeng Lee, Dong Ki Lee

“…Paclitaxel from the PEM and its diffusion into the tumor inhibited angiogenesis, which involved suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) and increased apoptosis. …”
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Fetal and neonatal cardiac tumor diagnosed as Tuberous Sclerosis associated rhabdomyomas resulting from novel pathogenic missense variant detected in TSC2 gene: A case report by Aya Kawasaki, MD, Hidefumi Tonoki, MD, PhD, Osamu Sasaki, MD, PhD, Yoko Matsushita, MD, PhD, Michiko Watari, MD, PhD, Nobuhiro Takahashi, MD, Satoko Fujieda, MD

“…This pathogenic variant is located on exon 10 of the TSC2 gene, which encodes the hamartin binding domain, leading to impair inhibitory function of the hamartin-tuberin complex, which activates mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) activity. The cardiac tumors were diagnosed as rhabdomyomas, a major clinical feature of TS, since the penetrance of this gene variants are thought to be 100%. …”
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The Optimum Dietary Phenylalanine Requirement of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelusfuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinepheluslanceolatus ♂) Juveniles: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Micromorpholog... by Pinxian Yang, Haijiao Wang, Lei Ma, Haoran Yin, Zhanying Zhu, Cong Liu, Wei Huang, Zhiyu Zhou, Xiaoyi Wu, Sehrish Taj

“…The Phe 13.3 group had lower expression of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) than other groups. In addition, fish fed Phe 10.1 had lower levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the head kidney, and Cu/Zn-superoxide (Cu/ZnSOD) dismutases in the midgut compared to fish fed other Phe levels. …”
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Melatonin Alleviates LPS-Induced Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes by Activating Autophagy by Ya Qiu, Yan Ma, Min Jiang, Sulei Li, Jibin Zhang, Haixu Chen, Mengqi Xu, Shan Gao, Lei Tian, Bo Tao, Yabin Wang, Dong Han, Feng Cao

“…Furthermore, coincubation with rapamycin (an autophagy activator) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) accentuated and attenuated the antipyroptotic actions of Mel, respectively. …”
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GENI as an AMPK Activator Binds α and γ Subunits and Improves the Memory Dysfunction of Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models via Autophagy and Neuroprotection by Ying Wang, Lanjie Li, Danni Chen, Jiaheng Shan, Meijuan Yi, Hiroyuki Osada, Minoru Yoshida, Lan Xiang, Jianhua Qi

“…Meanwhile, the AMPK/unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1)/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways involved in anti-AD effects of GENI. …”
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Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replaced by Fish Steak Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Health and Microflora, Inflammatory Response, and Protein Metabolis... by Dianguang Zhang, Yunzong Zheng, Xuexi Wang, Dejuan Wang, Hongjie Luo, Wenbo Zhu, Weini Zhang, Zhengbang Chen, Jianchun Shao

“…In addition, the results of protein expression levels showed that the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in FSM75 and FSM100 groups were markedly reduced. …”
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Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis to provide insights into muscle atrophy of turbot Scophthalmus maximus by dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein by Shihui Pan, Nan Bai, Zezheng Qi, Chuwen Chen, Daisong Ma, Zhenlin Liang, Min Gu

“…Previous studies proved that high levels of dietary CAP retarded the muscle development in turbot through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/amino acid response (AAR)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. …”
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Roles of the <i>Sec2p</i> Gene in the Growth and Pathogenicity Regulation of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> by Yuhuan Liu, Shumi Shang, Cong Liu, Yichen Liu, Keyang Xu, Dan He, Li Wang

“…Furthermore, this gene positively regulated the autophagy pathway and enhanced CWI pathway gene expression to respond to rapamycin-induced autophagy. In summary, <i>Sec2p</i> positively regulated the autophagy pathway; it negatively regulated the CWI pathway during cell wall stress, coordinating the growth and pathogenicity of <i>A. fumigatus</i>.…”
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mTORC1-Activated Monocytes Increase Tregs and Inhibit the Immune Response to Bacterial Infections by Lijun Fang, Huaijun Tu, Wei Guo, Shixuan Wang, Ting Xue, Fei Yang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yazhi Yang, Qian Wan, Zhexin Shi, Xulong Zhan, Jian Li

“…Therefore, inhibiting mTORC1 signaling through rapamycin administration could rescue the harmful aspects of an overactive immune response, and this knowledge provides a new direction for clinical therapy.…”
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Human striatal progenitor cells that contain inducible safeguards and overexpress BDNF rescue Huntington’s disease phenotypes by Danielle A. Simmons, Sridhar Selvaraj, Tingshuo Chen, Gloria Cao, Talita Souto Camelo, Tyne L.M. McHugh, Selena Gonzalez, Renata M. Martin, Juste Simanauskaite, Nobuko Uchida, Matthew H. Porteus, Frank M. Longo

“…Activating the inducible safety switch with rapamycin safely eliminated the engrafted cells. These results demonstrate that BDNF delivery via a novel hPSC-based platform incorporating safety switches could be a safe and effective HD therapeutic.…”
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Molecular Docking Appraisal of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of PI3K/Akt Pathway for Breast Cancer Treatment by Magdalene Eno Effiong, Mercy Bella-Omunagbe, Israel Sunmola Afolabi, Shalom Nwodo Chinedu

“…The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial for understanding the BC development. …”
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Protective Effects of NaHS/miR-133a-3p on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiomyocytes Injury by Yi-Mei Jin, Ai-Rong Huang, Mei-qian Yu, Wan-Ding Ye, Xiao-guang Hu, Hua-min Wang, Zhi-wei Xu, Dong-shi Liang

“…The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) kit was used to detect ATP content; real-time quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the levels of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and miR-133a-3p, and Western blot (WB) was used to detect protein levels of mTOR, AMPK, myosin-like Bcl2 interacting protein (Beclin-1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3I/II), and P62 (sequestosome-1, sqstm-1/P62). …”
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ROS-ERK Pathway as Dual Mediators of Cellular Injury and Autophagy-Associated Adaptive Response in Urinary Protein-Irritated Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Jian-kun Deng, Xueqin Zhang, Hong-luan Wu, Yu Gan, Ling Ye, Huijuan Zheng, Zebing Zhu, Wei Jing Liu, Hua-feng Liu

“…Interestingly, we also found that the increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II (a key marker of autophagy) and the decreased expression of p62 (autophagic substrate) induced by urinary proteins were reversed by U0126, suggesting autophagy was activated by ERK pathway. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced urinary protein-induced NGAL and KIM-1 secretion and cell growth inhibition, while chloroquine played the opposite effect, indicating that autophagy activation by ERK pathway was an adaptive response in the exposure to urinary proteins. …”
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Guttiferone K Exerts the Anti-inflammatory Effect on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- (H37Ra-) Infected Macrophages by Targeting the TLR/IRAK-1 Mediated Akt and NF-κB Pathway by Qingwen Zhang, Jinxia Sun, Yan Fu, Weigang He, Yinhong Li, Hongsheng Tan, Hongxi Xu, Xin Jiang

“…Guttiferone K could also suppress the NLRP3 inflammasome activity and induce autophagy by inhibiting the protein kinase B (p-Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at Ser473 and Ser2448 in both cell lines. …”
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Construction of a radiogenomic signature based on endoplasmic reticulum stress for predicting prognosis and systemic combination therapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma by Huai-Yu Wu, Shu-Ya Cao, Zheng-Gang Xu, Tian- Wang, Gu-Wei Ji, Ke Wang

“…Drug sensitivity analysis found that most sensitive drugs target the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway. Further research revealed the expression of STC2 in the endothelial cells (ECs), particularly plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP) + ECs, and may regulate the reprogramming and function of macrophages. …”
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The Role of Autophagy in Copper-Induced Apoptosis and Developmental Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells by Lu Lu, Ying Zhang, Wei Shi, Qian Zhou, Zhuoqi Lai, Yuepu Pu, Lihong Yin

“…Compared with the 120 μM Cu²⁺ exposure group alone, autophagy activator rapamycin pretreatment increased expression of Wnt and β-catenin nuclear translocation, decreased expression of LC3BII/LC3BI and p62, as well as upregulated expression of Bcl2 and downregulated expressions of caspase 3 and PARP. …”
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Organic rare earth feed additive to enhance Penaeus monodon’s muscle quality: A comprehensive insights into texture, amino acid, and fatty acid composition by Jiaoping Yu, Wanqi Wang, Guowei Liao, Zhen Zhang, Yuanyuan Yao, Kaimin Cheng, Jun Hu, Yalin Yang, Zhigang Zhou, Lanfen Fan

“…Additionally, the relative expression levels of muscle growth-related genes PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), TOR (target of rapamycin), AKT (Protein kinase B), S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1) and 4E-BP1 (4E-binding protein 1) were significantly higher in shrimp muscle compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). …”
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Neuronal cell type specific roles for Nprl2 in neurodevelopmental disorder-relevant behaviors by Brianne Dentel, Lidiette Angeles-Perez, Abigail Y. Flores, Katherine Lei, Chongyu Ren, Andrea Pineda Sanchez, Peter T. Tsai

“…Loss of function in the subunits of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Rags-1 (GATOR1) complex, an amino-acid sensitive negative regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is implicated in both genetic familial epilepsies and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) (Baldassari et al., 2018). …”
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