Idiopathic Pulmonary Vein Thrombus Extending into Left Atrium: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Muhammad Asim Rana, Nicholas Tilbury, Yashwant Kumar, Habib Ahmad, Kamal Naser, Ahmed F. Mady, Awani Patel

“…It causes increased pulmonary venous pressure leading to pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and subsequent pulmonary arterial hypertension and subsequently can cause cor pulmonale if not addressed in timely fashion. …”
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Pulmonary hypertension in infants with congenital heart defects: are leukotrienes involved? by A. Serraf, J-P. Gascard, J. Bruniaux, C. Labat, C. Planche, C. Brink

“…The circulating levels of leukotriene E4 in infants with congenital heart defects, increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary arterial hypertension, were determined and compared with infants with decreased pulmonary blood flow (Tetralogy of Fallot). …”
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Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pulmonary Thromboembolism. by Aymara Marcia Hernández Cardoso, Maribel Misas Menéndez, Carlos Jaime Geroy Gómez, Diosdania Alfonso Falcón

“…This condition is caused by the obstruction of pulmonary arterial circulation as a result of an embolus originated in the profound venous system of the in the lower extremities (95%). …”
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Incidental Finding and Management of Intralobar Sequestration of the Lung in A 24-Year-Old Man by Dhanjit Litt, Sumeet Gandhi, Sacha Bhinder, Maurice Blitz, Kieran McIntyre

“…Pulmonary sequestration is described as a dysplastic mass of lung tissue that lacks communication with the tracheobronchial tree and receives systemic rather than pulmonary arterial blood supply. Two distinct classifications, intralobar and extralobar, have been described. …”
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Modulation of miRNAs in Pulmonary Hypertension by Sudhiranjan Gupta, Li Li

“…The pathology of PH involves vascular cell remodeling including pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. …”
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Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect Complicated by Eisenmenger Syndrome and the Role of Vasodilator Therapy by Amornpol Anuwatworn, Maheedhar Gedela, Edgard Bendaly, Julia A. Prescott-Focht, Jimmy Yee, Richard Clark, Orvar Jonsson

“…She was also found to have pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. …”
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Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations (PAVMs) and Pregnancy: A Rare Case of Hemothorax and Review of the Literature by Federica Di Guardo, Viviana Lo Presti, Giuliana Costanzo, Elisa Zambrotta, Luisa Maria Di Gregorio, Antonio Basile, Marco Palumbo

“…PAVMs tend to increase in size naturally; however, several factors can influence their growth such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, puberty, and pregnancy. …”
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Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in a Newborn: A Commonly Overlooked Diagnosis by Nathalie Jeanne Magioli Bravo-valenzuela, Guilherme Ricardo Nunes Silva, Marcela Pinto Varella

“…The diagnosis of primary pulmonary vein stenosis is often overlooked because its symptoms overlap lung diseases and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Its diagnosis may be difficult because the condition is progressive and associated with other defects. …”
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Transapical Approach for Mitral Valve Repair during Insertion of a Left Ventricular Assist Device by Mark J. Russo, Aurelie Merlo, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Shahab Akhter, Sean McCarney, Jennifer Steiman, Allen Anderson, Valluvan Jeevanandam

“…The average postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) decreased after the surgical procedure from 44/22 ± 14/5 mmHg to 57/28 ± 9/5 mmHg. …”
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Bone Mineral Density is Decreased in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Correlates With Serum Intact Parathormone Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study by Shefali Sharma, Aadhaar Dhooria, Tulika Singh, Varun Dhir, Arghya Chattopadhyay, Debashish Mishra, Sanjay Jain

“…Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension were seen in 48 and 18 patients, respectively. …”
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Pre-Anesthesia Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Two Lung Transplant Recipients with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension by Liu Minqiang, Gao Hong, Chen Jingyu, Wang Yanjuan, Xu Bo, Wang Guilong, Wu Qiang, Hu Chunxiao

“…Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a widely used cardiopulmonary support method that is usually implemented after anesthesia during the period of lung transplantation (LTx). In severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, however, anesthesia induction is a high-risk phase and can result in severe cardiorespiratory failure. …”
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Pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease by Srinivas Rajagopala, Molly Mary Thabah

“…CTDs may cause PH due to several mechanisms; pulmonary arterial hypertension, associated interstitial lung disease, neuromuscular disease, and/or sleep disordered breathing leading to hypoxia, associated thromboembolic PH, and pulmonary venous hypertension due to left ventricular dysfunction. …”
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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation causing lung sequestration and media infarction: a case report by Raffaella Griffo, Laura V. Klotz, Laura V. Klotz, Lena Brendel, Romina Rösch, Benedikt Niedermaier, Kai Schlamp, Mark Kriegsmann, Mark Kriegsmann, Martin M. Eichhorn, Martin M. Eichhorn, Hauke Winter, Hauke Winter

“…Direct communication of pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins is the defining characteristic allowing venous blood to bypass the pulmonary capillary system and avoiding an efficient oxygenation process. …”
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Effects of Fasudil on Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Left Ventricular Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Prospective Intervention Study by Xiang Zhang, Xueming Zhang, Saihua Wang, Jun Luo, Zhihong Zhao, Changzhu Zheng, Jieyan Shen

“…Besides, the RPH group demonstrated a greater transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than the PPH group (p<0.01 for both) as well as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (p<0.01 for both), which fits the feature of RPH. …”
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Trisacryl Gelatin Microembolism and Metastases in the Lung after Renal Artery Embolization and Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma by Andres Borja Alvarez, Jack P. Leventhal, Cherise Cortese, Barbara L. McComb, David D. Thiel, Andras Khoor

“…Wedge resections of the lung showed multiple foci of metastatic RCC and extensive involvement of the muscular pulmonary arteries by trisacryl gelatin microspheres.…”
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Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Mimicking Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia by Karthika R. Linga, Andras Khoor, Jonathan A. Phelan, Isabel Mira-Avendano

“…After an initial diagnosis of pneumonia and its nonimprovement with antibiotics, a surgical lung biopsy was done and interpreted as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) with vascular changes consistent with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Later, she was admitted to our institution where a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and subsequent computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the heart showed severe stenosis of all four pulmonary veins. …”
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Case Report: Dangerous liaisons between splenectomy and eltrombopag-induced chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: report of two ca... by Roberto Castelli, Enrico Atzori, Alessandro Palmerio Delitala, Salvatore Antonio Masala, Valentina Micheluzzi, Enrico Ponti, Enrico Ponti, Giuseppe Sanna, Dante Castro, Antonio Gidaro, Mattia Donadoni, Roberto Manetti, Pierluigi Merella, Nicia Isabella Profili, Andrea Maria D'Armini, Gavino Casu, Gavino Casu

“…Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a rare disease that results from a persistent, organized thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries due to an incompletely resolved pulmonary embolism.Case presentationsWe report two cases of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension induced by a thrombotic mechanism after treatment with splenectomy and Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, for refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia. …”
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The use of inhaled nitric oxide in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension by Cynthia Reyes Flores

“…The use of inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension has been investigated and questioned, however, it has been shown to be an effective treatment to improve oxygenation and reduce pulmonary arterial pressure in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension. …”
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Galectin-1 as an Emerging Mediator of Cardiovascular Inflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities by Ignacio M. Seropian, Germán E. González, Sebastián M. Maller, Daniel H. Berrocal, Antonio Abbate, Gabriel A. Rabinovich

“…Whereas Gal-1 administration emerges as a potential novel treatment option in acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, Gal-1 blockade may contribute to attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension.…”
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Transition from Hepatopulmonary Syndrome to Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Case Series of 3 Patients by Radhika Zopey, Irawan Susanto, Igor Barjaktarevic, Tisha Wang

“…One proposed mechanism for the occurrence of this phenomenon involves dysregulation of the same vascular signaling pathway, which may lead to both pulmonary vascular dilatations and pulmonary arterial remodeling in the same patient. Another theory involves the possible differential binding of endothelin-1, a vasoactive signaling peptide that induces vasoconstriction when bound to receptor A and vasodilation when bound to receptor B. …”
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