Viroids and Retrozymes: Plant Circular RNAs Capable of Autonomous Replication by Alexander A. Lezzhov, Anastasia K. Atabekova, Denis A. Chergintsev, Ekaterina A. Lazareva, Andrey G. Solovyev, Sergey Y. Morozov

“…The most studied regulatory mechanisms involving circRNAs are acting as miRNA sponges, forming R-loops with genomic DNA, and encoding functional proteins. In addition to circRNAs generated by back-splicing, two types of circRNAs capable of autonomous RNA-RNA replication and systemic transport have been described in plants: viroids, which are infectious RNAs that cause a number of plant diseases, and retrozymes, which are transcripts of retrotransposon genomic loci that are capable of circularization due to ribozymes. …”
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Goat milk-based infant formula regulates intestinal barrier function and promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids by Qingxue Chen, Ting Cao, Hongwei Tang, Linyi Zhou, Yuxuan Zheng, Jinju Cheng, Bailiang Li, Song Wang

“…The results showed that goat milk-based IF is associated with a functional immune advantage, due to the rise in the levels of immune-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10, decreased levels of intestinal permeability markers D-lactic acid and endotoxin, and increased mRNA levels of intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and claudin. In addition, the intestine of mice fed with goat milk -based IF contained 12.06 μmol/g acetate, 2.42 μmol/g propionate, and 1.72 μmol/g butyrate, which reached 69%, 79 %, and 60% of the levels in human milk, respectively. …”
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Modulation of gut microbiota, up-regulation of ZO-1, and promotion of metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of indole-3-carbinol against obesity in mice by XuWen Mao, Guliruoyi Paerhati, Yuche Wu, Lu Feng Cheng

“…Also, I3C notably up-regulated the levels of Claudin4, Occludin, and ZO-1 proteins and modulated the metabolism of argininosuccinic acid and galactose.ConclusionThe aforementioned findings suggest that I3C exerts a significant anti-obesity effect in mice by regulating abnormal gut microbiome, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and improving metabolic disorders.…”
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A Review on Current Aspects of Curcumin-Based Effects in Relation to Neurodegenerative, Neuroinflammatory and Cerebrovascular Diseases by Claudia-Andreea Moldoveanu, Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian, Gheorghe Tomoaia, Aurora Mocanu, Csaba Pal-Racz, Vlad-Alexandru Toma, Ioana Roman, Madalina-Anca Ujica, Lucian-Cristian Pop

“…Formulations have been discovered including curcumin’s complexes with brain-derived phospholipids and proteins, or its liposomal encapsulation. These novel strategies aim to improve curcumin’s bioavailability and stability, and its capability to cross the BBB, thereby potentially enhancing its efficacy in treating cerebrovascular diseases. …”
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Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells (Calu-3): A Model of Human Respiratory Function, Structure, and Inflammatory Responses by Yan Zhu, Aaron Chidekel, Thomas H. Shaffer

“…To model human respiratory conditions and treatment modalities, monolayers are placed in an environmental chamber, and exposed to specific levels of oxygen or other therapeutic modalities such as positive pressure and medications to assess the effect of interventions on inflammatory mediators, immunologic proteins, and antibacterial outcomes. Monolayer integrity and permeability and cell histology and viability also measure cellular response to therapeutic interventions. …”
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Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Characterisation of Gastric Schwannomas in 29 Cases by Lijun Zheng, Xiaojiang Wu, Martin E. Kreis, Zhen Yu, Lijin Feng, Chunqiu Chen, Bin Xu, Zhaode Bu, Ziyu Li, Jiafu Ji

“…All tumors were positive for S-100 and CD56 proteins, displaying a diffuse staining pattern. Vimentin was expressed in 100% cases and all schwannomas were negative for smooth muscle actin, c-kit, and HMB-45. …”
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Synthetic peptides as valuable and versatile tools for research: our 20 year journey in Chile by Constanza Cárdenas, Paula Santana, Claudio Álvarez, Luis Mercado, Sergio Marshall, Fernando Albericio, Fanny Guzmán

“…According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), peptides are small proteins with a size between 2 and 50 amino acids residues. …”
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Laser Irradiation Alters the Expression Profile of Genes Involved in the Extracellular Matrix In Vitro by Sandra M. Ayuk, Nicolette N. Houreld, Heidi Abrahamse

“…Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) stimulates gene expression in various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular proteins at 660 nm in wounded fibroblasts in vitro.…”
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Research Progress on the Digestion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Whole Grain Brown Rice by WANG Dan, ZHAI Xiao-tong, ZHANG Na, WU Na-na, TAN Bin

“…Additionally, these health effects also result from alterations in the digestion and absorption efficiency of dietary nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins, mediated by these bioactive compounds. The digestion process of food is a key link related to the aforementioned effects. …”
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Crosstalk between Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulated by Biomaterials and Its Role in Bone Regeneration by Fan Gong, Thomas Groth, Chenlin Tu, Mingyan Zhao, Xinqia Huang, Jiaqi Chu

“…The interfacial properties of biomaterials that affect the adsorption of proteins and the adhesion function of cells require great attention in the field of bone tissue engineering because they are related to the crosstalk with the immune and bone or stem cells. …”
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Glyoxylate, a New Marker Metabolite of Type 2 Diabetes by Victoria J. Nikiforova, Pieter Giesbertz, Jan Wiemer, Bianca Bethan, Ralf Looser, Volker Liebenberg, Patricia Ruiz Noppinger, Hannelore Daniel, Dietrich Rein

“…Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a variety of metabolic impairments that are closely linked to nonenzymatic glycation reactions of proteins and peptides resulting in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). …”
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Smac127 Has Proapoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by D. Lattuada, R. Gualtierotti, K. Crotta, P. Seneci, F. Ingegnoli, C. Corradini, R. Viganò, O. Marelli, C. Casnici

“…In this context, Smac127 induces apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis proteins (IAPs). This inhibition activates caspase 3 and restores the apoptotic pathway. …”
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Andrographolide suppresses cervical cancer progression by targeting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis in a CAM-PDX model by Wanwan Zou, Jun Lou, Yun Yi, Yiming Cui, Xiaoyan Chu

“…Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AND downregulated key proteins associated with cancer cell proliferation and survival, including Ki67, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and Erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG). …”
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Improvement of Renal Function by Long-Term Sustained Eculizumab Treatment in a Patient with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria by Haruhiko Ninomiya, Naoshi Obara, Akiko Niiori-Onishi, Yasuhisa Yokoyama, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Yuichi Hasegawa, Shigeru Chiba

“…CKD in PNH is induced mainly by intravascular hemolysis of PNH-affected red blood cells (RBC) missing the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins with complement-regulatory activities, CD55 and CD59. …”
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The Effect of long-term rapamycin administration on intracellular calcium quantification and RhoA activity in kainic acid epilepsy model by Machlusil Husna, Kusworini Handono, Hidayat Sujuti, Aulanni’am Aulanni’am, Rumman Karimah, Afiyfah Kiysa Waafi, Alya Satira

“…RhoA signaling pathway is regulated through the mTORC2 pathway; thus we hypothesized that long-term exposure to rapamycin could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ and RhoA activity as one of the mTORC2 downstream proteins, in a temporal lobe epilepsy model. This study used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) which were exposed to 20 nM rapamycin treatment for 3, 5, 8, and 10 days after induction of epilepsy by 7 μM kainic acid administration for 48 hours. …”
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Function, Structure, and Transport Aspects of ZIP and ZnT Zinc Transporters in Immune Cells by Bum-Ho Bin, Juyeon Seo, Sung Tae Kim

“…First, Zrt-/Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) mediate the zinc influx from the extracellular or luminal side into the cytoplasm. …”
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Characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-human lung cancer properties of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized by fennel extract following the PI3K/... by Tao Huang, KaiLi Ma, Yihua Wang

“…Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR results indicated a widespread degradation of the proteins in this pathway upon CuNP exposure. Interestingly, there was a declined phosphorylation up to 75% of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR at 100 μg/ml (p<0. 001). …”
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Regulation of Expression of Oxacillin-Inducible Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Staphylococcus aureus by Kyle R. Baum, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Vineet K. Singh

“…In S. aureus strain COL, the highest level of β-galactosidase activity was observed under the conditions when both MsrA1 and MsrB proteins were absent. The data suggest that the msrA1/msrB locus, in part, is negatively regulated by MsrA1, MsrB, and SigB in S. aureus.…”
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The Design of New Adjuvants for Mucosal Immunity to Neisseria meningitidis B in Nasally Primed Neonatal Mice for Adult Immune Response by Tatiane Ferreira, Elizabeth De Gaspari

“…The aim of this study was to determine the value of detoxified Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2 (toxoids of Escherichia coli) as mucosal adjuvants in neonatal mice for immunogenicity against the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Neisseria meningitidis B. Mucosal immunization has been shown to be effective for the induction of antigen-specific immune responses in both the systemic and mucosal compartments. …”
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Microbiota awareness levels of medical students: the case of Trakya university by İsmail Davarci, Pınar Zehra Davarci

“…Abstract Background Human microbiota is noteworthy for its ability to encode a much greater variety and quantity of proteins than human cells. Despite its dynamic and complex nature, it has been associated with healthy living for over a century. …”
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