Cytokines as cellular communicators by R. Debets, H. F. J. Savelkoul

“…The activity of cytokines is controlled at the level of transcription, translation, storage, processing, posttranslational modification, trapping, binding by soluble proteins, and receptor number and/or function. Translation of this diverse regulation in strategies aimed at the control of cytokine activity will result in the development of more specific and selective drugs to treat diseases.…”
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Fluorescent DNA Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters as Biosensors by Alfonso Latorre, Romina Lorca, Álvaro Somoza

“…Moreover, since oligonucleotides can be designed to have binding properties (aptamers) a variety of sensors for proteins and cells have been developed using silver nanoclusters. …”
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A bacteriophage model based on CRISPR/Cas immune system in a chemostat by Mengshi Shu, Rui Fu, Wendi Wang

“…Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) along with Cas proteins are a widespread immune system across bacteria and archaea. …”
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Alternative Macroautophagic Pathways by Katrin Juenemann, Eric A. Reits

“…Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived proteins, aggregates, or even whole organelles. This process includes the formation of autophagosomes, double-membrane structures responsible for delivering cargo to lysosomes for degradation. …”
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Characteristics and multi-omics analysis of spontaneous spondyloarthritis in non-human primates: Case report by Lei Cai, Qing Lv, Ronghua Ma, Wei Liu, Yalun Guan, Zhongqiang Huang, Qingyu Liu, Yunfeng Li, Shuhua Liu, Ge Li, Yu Zhang

“…Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on these co-expressed genes and proteins, indicating a predominant enrichment in the IL-17 signaling pathway, with S100A8 and S100A9 identified as the core proteins. …”
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Synthesis and Properties of Sulfhydryl-Reactive Near-Infrared Cyanine Fluorochromes for Fluorescence Imaging by Yuhui Lin, Ralph Weissleder, Ching-Hsuan Tung

“…Such NIRF must have high quantum yield, be biocompatible, and be conjugatable to a wide variety of proteins, peptides, and other affinity ligands. Here, we describe the synthesis of four new nonsymmetrical sulfhydryl-reactive cyanine NIRF with excellent optical and chemical properties. …”
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ETosis: A Microbicidal Mechanism beyond Cell Death by Anderson B. Guimarães-Costa, Michelle T. C. Nascimento, Amanda B. Wardini, Lucia H. Pinto-da-Silva, Elvira M. Saraiva

“…Netosis is a recently described type of neutrophil death occurring with the release to the extracellular milieu of a lattice composed of DNA associated with histones and granular and cytoplasmic proteins. These webs, initially named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), ensnare and kill microorganisms. …”
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Interface Molecules of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Their Role in Parasite Survival and Modulation of Host Defenses by Alessandra L. Morassutti, Carlos Graeff-Teixeira

“…In this paper we discuss the role of ES proteins on disease exacerbation and their potential use as therapeutic targets.…”
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Single-Molecule Assay to Analyze the Motility of Kinesin by Tomoki Kita, Shinsuke Niwa

“…The motile parameters of kinesin superfamily proteins are fundamental to intracellular transport. …”
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The Mechanical Components of the Dynein Motor by Peter Höök

“…Unlike our understanding of the other two classes of cytoskeletal motor proteins, the myosins and kinesins, we have only recently begun to comprehend the molecular mechanism for how dynein produces force and movement. …”
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Apoptotic Pathways in Pemphigus by Meryem Bektas, Puneet Jolly, David S. Rubenstein

“…Current data suggest that apoptosis is not required for blister induction, but that activation of proapoptotic proteins, including caspase cysteine proteinases, may sensitize cells to the acantholytic effects of pemphigus IgG.…”
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BCL-2 overexpression exosomes promote the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic environment for skin injury in rats by Ying Wang, Guang Li, Guofeng Li, Yutao Pan, Zhongmin Liu

“…The horizontal of apoptosis-related proteins in skin lesions was checked by Western blot. …”
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Long-term correction of hemophilia A via integration of a functionally enhanced FVIII gene into the AAVS1 locus by nickase in patient-derived iPSCs by Do-Hun Kim, Sang-Hwi Choi, Jin Jea Sung, Sieun Kim, Hanui Yi, Sanghyun Park, Chan Wook Park, Young Woo Oh, Jungil Lee, Dae-Sung Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, Chul-Yong Park, Dong-Wook Kim

“…Genome editing in conjunction with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising cell therapy strategy, as it replaces dysfunctional proteins resulting from genetic mutations with normal proteins. …”
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Intestinal oxygen utilisation and cellular adaptation during intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury by Paraschos Archontakis‐Barakakis, Theodoros Mavridis, David‐Dimitris Chlorogiannis, Georgios Barakakis, Eleni Laou, Daniel I. Sessler, George Gkiokas, Athanasios Chalkias

“…The primary cellular mechanism for sensing hypoxia and for activating a cascade of cellular responses to mitigate the injury is a family of heterodimer proteins called hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). The HIF system is connected to numerous biochemical and immunologic pathways induced by IRI and the concentration of those proteins increases during hypoxia and dysoxia. …”
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Akkermansia muciniphila Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Cisplatin in Lewis Lung Cancer Mice by Zhuo Chen, Xiang Qian, Shasha Chen, Xiaoxuan Fu, Guanjun Ma, Aiqin Zhang

“…Compared with the CDDP group, CDDP combining with Akk slowed down the growth of tumor volume, downregulated the levels of ki-67, p53, and factor-associated suicide (Fas) ligand proteins and upregulated Fas proteins, increased the levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and suppressed the expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in mouse peripheral blood and spleen. …”
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Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut by Xina Xiao, Meng Hu, Li Gao, Huan Yuan, Baochen Chong, Yu Liu, Rou Zhang, Yanqiu Gong, Dan Du, Yong Zhang, Hao Yang, Xiaohui Liu, Yan Zhang, Huiyuan Zhang, Heng Xu, Yi Zhao, Wenbo Meng, Dan Xie, Peng Lei, Shiqian Qi, Yong Peng, Tao Tan, Yang Yu, Hongbo Hu, Biao Dong, Lunzhi Dai

“…In contrast, SNO-modified proteins were involved in immunity. Interestingly, we observed that the Sto levels ranged from 0.97% to 99.88%, exhibiting two distinct peaks and increasing with age. …”
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Ultrasound May Suppress Tumor Growth, Inhibit Inflammation, and Establish Tolerogenesis by Remodeling Innatome via Pathways of ROS, Immune Checkpoints, Cytokines, and Trained Immun... by Qian Yang, Ruijing Zhang, Peng Tang, Yu Sun, Candice Johnson, Jason Saredy, Susu Wu, Jiwei Wang, Yifan Lu, Fatma Saaoud, Ying Shao, Charles Drummer, Keman Xu, Daohai Yu, Rongshan Li, Shuping Ge, Xiaohua Jiang, Hong Wang, Xiaofeng Yang

“…We made the following findings: (1) LIUS upregulates proinflammatory IGs and downregulates metastasis genes in cancer cells, and LIUS upregulates adaptive immunity pathways but inhibits danger-sensing and inflammation pathways and promote tolerogenic differentiation in bone marrow (BM) cells. (2) LIUS upregulates IGs encoded for proteins localized in the cytoplasm, extracellular space, and others, but downregulates IG proteins localized in nuclear and plasma membranes, and LIUS downregulates phosphatases. (3) LIUS-modulated IGs act partially via several important pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reverse signaling of immune checkpoint receptors B7-H4 and BTNL2, inflammatory cytokines, and static or oscillatory shear stress and heat generation, among which ROS is a dominant mechanism. (4) LIUS upregulates trained immunity enzymes in lymphoma cells and downregulates trained immunity enzymes and presumably establishes trained tolerance in BM cells. (5) LIUS modulates chromatin long-range interactions to differentially regulate IGs expression in cancer cells and noncancer cells. …”
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Degenerated vision, altered lipid metabolism, and expanded chemoreceptor repertoires enable Lindaspio polybranchiata to thrive in deep-sea cold seeps by Yujie Yan, Inge Seim, Yang Guo, Xupeng Chi, Zhaoshan Zhong, Dantong Wang, Mengna Li, Haining Wang, Huan Zhang, Minxiao Wang, Chaolun Li

“…As a pioneer species, L. polybranchiata has an expanded repertoire of genes encoding potential chemoreceptor proteins, including ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptor-like receptors (GRLs). …”
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Dichotomitin promotes osteoblast differentiation and improves osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress by Meichun Han, Weibin Du, Lei Zhang, Zhenwei Wang, Shengqiang Fang, Yang Zheng, Renfu Quan

“…Expression of oxidative stress-related genes and proteins was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. …”
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3D printed magnesium silicate/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds promote coupled osteogenesis and angiogenesis by Lulu Wang, Mingkui Shen, Zhongxin Tang, Jun Tan, Kuankuan Li, Haijun Ma

“…Combined techniques of Transwell co-culture, we studied the effect of MS/β-TCP scaffold activated cell-level specific regulatory network, which promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and the endothelial formation of HUVEC by significantly up-regulating the expression of related genes and proteins. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed MS/β-TCP scaffold plays a dual role in osteogenesis and angiogenesis by activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway, whereas the expression of genes and proteins associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis was significantly downregulated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inhibited. …”
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