Occurrence, properties and biological significance of pyroglutamyl peptides derived from different food sources by Behzad Gazme, Ruth T. Boachie, Apollinaire Tsopmo, Chibuike C. Udenigwe

“…However, the role of pGlu residue in the peptide bioactivity is not completely established, although the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring is thought to enhance the peptide stability against degradation by gastrointestinal proteases. This review discusses the occurrence and formation of pGlu peptides in foods, their quantification, sensory and biological properties, and prospects in food applications. …”
Get full text

Dynamic changes of peptidome and release of polysaccharide in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) hydrolysates depending on enzymatic hydrolysis approaches by Yanchao Wang, Yan Song, Yaoguang Chang, Yanyan Liu, Guangning Chen, Changhu Xue

“…A portfolio of 216 shared peptides were detected in the peptidome by papain with different hydrolysis time, while 32 shared peptides were detected in the peptidome by differing proteases. Unshared peptides and the relative abundance distribution profiles of shared peptides changed depending on hydrolysis approaches, indicating dynamic changes of peptidome during hydrolysis. …”
Get full text

Isolation of a New Mexican Strain of Bacillus subtilis with Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities by M. G. L. Basurto-Cadena, M. Vázquez-Arista, J. García-Jiménez, R. Salcedo-Hernández, D. K. Bideshi, J. E. Barboza-Corona

“…Secreted proteins by B. subtilis 21 were studied, detecting the presence of proteases and bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances that could be implicated in its antagonistic activity. …”
Get full text

Apoptosis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Carcinogenesis: Overview of International and Greek Experience by Jannis Kountouras, Georgios Kouklakis, Christos Zavos, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, John Moschos, Epaminodas Molyvas, Nikolaos Zavos

“…The death of T lymphocytes following their activation involves a series of proteases (caspases), which comprise the central executioners of apoptosis. …”
Get full text

Regulators of Actin Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors by Konrad Steinestel, Eva Wardelmann, Wolfgang Hartmann, Inga Grünewald

“…Actin-nucleating and actin-depolymerizing (ANFs/ADFs) and nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) regulate cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells, thereby modulating cell shape; these proteins facilitate cellular movement and mediate degradation of the surrounding extracellular matrix by secretion of lytic proteases, thus eliminating barriers for tumor cell invasion. …”
Get full text

Characterization of Potential Virulence Factors of Vibrio mimicus Isolated from Fishery Products and Water by M. F. Hernández-Robles, I. Natividad-Bonifacio, A. K. Álvarez-Contreras, J. J. Tercero-Alburo, E. I. Quiñones-Ramírez, C. Vázquez-Salinas

“…The production of lipases, proteases, and nucleases was detected; 45% of the strains were able to produce thermonucleases and 40% were capable of producing hydroxamate-type siderophores, and the fragment of the iuT gene was amplified in all of the V. mimicus strains. …”
Get full text

Dysregulated Functions of Lung Macrophage Populations in COPD by Theodore S. Kapellos, Kevin Bassler, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Wataru Fujii, Joachim L. Schultze

“…We primarily focus on the dysregulated capacity of alveolar macrophages to secrete proinflammatory mediators and proteases, induce oxidative stress, engulf microbes and apoptotic cells, and express surface and intracellular markers in patients with COPD. …”
Get full text

The Immune Response and Its Therapeutic Modulation in Bronchiectasis by Massoud Daheshia, James D. Prahl, Jacob J. Carmichael, John S. Parrish, Gilbert Seda

“…Inflammatory cells are present in both the airways as well as the lung parenchyma, and multiple mediators of immune cells including proteases and cytokines or their humoral products are increased locally or in the periphery. …”
Get full text

Virtual screening and directional preparation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides derived from hemp seed protein by Xiaoni Huang, Jiajun Liao, Ping Shi, Xiaodong Pei, Chenghua Wang

“…Six subtypes of hemp seed edestin and albumin were in silico hydrolyzed by 29 proteases, and 192 encrypted bioactive peptides were screened out. …”
Get full text

Alteration of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release in Skeletal Muscle from Calpain 3-Deficient Mice by Govindan Dayanithi, Isabelle Richard, Cédric Viero, Elsa Mazuc, Sylvie Mallie, Jean Valmier, Nathalie Bourg, Muriel Herasse, Isabelle Marty, Gérard Lefranc, Paul Mangeat, Stephen Baghdiguian

“…Mutations of Ca2+-activated proteases (calpains) cause muscular dystrophies. Nevertheless, the specific role of calpains in Ca2+ signalling during the onset of dystrophies remains unclear. …”
Get full text

Ratio Imaging of Enzyme Activity Using Dual Wavelength Optical Reporters by Moritz F. Kircher, Lee Josephson, Ralph Weissleder

“…The design of near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probes that are activated by specific proteases has, for the first time, allowed enzyme activity to be imaged in vivo. …”
Get full text

Molecular and Cellular Pathways Contributing to Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Qinghua Fang, Chun Zhou, Kutty Selva Nandakumar

“…Although etiology of this disease is not clear, several immune pathways, involving immune (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and nonimmune (fibroblasts and chondrocytes) cells, participate in the secretion of many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases (MMPs, ADAMTS), and other matrix lysing enzymes that could disturb the immune balance leading to cartilage and bone damage. …”
Get full text

Towards a Quantitative Description of Proteolysis: Contribution of Demasking and Hydrolysis Steps to Proteolysis Kinetics of Milk Proteins by Mikhail M. Vorob’ev

“…The hydrolysis of proteins by proteases (proteolysis) plays a significant role in biology and food science. …”
Get full text

“Dead Cells Talking”: The Silent Form of Cell Death Is Not so Quiet by Richard Jäger, Howard O. Fearnhead

“…After more than twenty years of research, the molecular events of apoptotic cell death can be succinctly stated; different pathways, activated by diverse signals, increase the activity of proteases called caspases that rapidly and irreversibly dismantle condemned cell by cleaving specific substrates. …”
Get full text

The Benefits and Detriments of Macrophages/Microglia in Models of Multiple Sclerosis by Khalil S. Rawji, V. Wee Yong

“…Such detriments include toxicity to neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, release of proteases, release of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals, and recruitment and reactivation of T lymphocytes in the CNS. …”
Get full text

Current Overview of Allergens of Plant Pathogenesis Related Protein Families by Mau Sinha, Rashmi Prabha Singh, Gajraj Singh Kushwaha, Naseer Iqbal, Avinash Singh, Sanket Kaushik, Punit Kaur, Sujata Sharma, Tej P. Singh

“…These proteins are mostly resistant to proteases and most of them show considerable stability at low pH. …”
Get full text

Bio-mimetic strategies to re-activate apoptotic cell death for cancer treatments by Andrea Venerando, Denise Lovison, Rossella De Marco

“…The internal (or mitochondrial) and external (or death receptor) pathways are responsible for driving a series of molecular events that lead to apoptosis by releasing pro-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) homology 3 (BH3)-only proteins and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/diablo inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding mitochondrial protein (SMAC/DIABLO), that in turn activate the caspase family of proteases. By counterbalancing the apoptogenic machinery, anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members turn off pro-apoptotic signalling, favouring cell survival, a circumstance that is particularly pronounced in tumour cells in which apoptosis is deranged. …”
Get full text

Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironments and the Progression of Tumors by Ning-Bo Hao, Mu-Han Lü, Ya-Han Fan, Ya-Ling Cao, Zhi-Ren Zhang, Shi-Ming Yang

“…Furthermore, tumor-associated macrophages secrete many cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, which promote tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. …”
Get full text

Differentially regulated ADAMTS1, 8, 9, and 18 in pancreas adenocarcinoma by Murat Özgür Kılıç, Büşra Aynekin, Mikdat Bozer, Adem Kara, Hacer Haltaş, Duygu İçen, Kadir Demircan

“…Disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a family of 19 proteases, which is involved in various biological processes such as ECM remodelling and anti-angiogenesis. …”
Get full text

Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis by Qinghua Fang, Jiaxin Ou, Kutty Selva Nandakumar

“…Interplay between several molecules (cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and inflammatory mediators) culminates in causing damage to the articular cartilage and bones. …”
Get full text