Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9: From the Discovery to the Development of New Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases by Nicola Ferri

“…The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a secretory protein that posttranscriptionally regulates levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) by inducing its degradation, has opened a new era of pharmacological modulation of cholesterol homeostasis. …”
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PCSK9 affects vascular senescence through the SIRT1 pathway by Yuqin Wang, Shaoqing Cao, Zhangyu Wang, Chengsi Li, Jiangping Ye, Yehong Liu, Tianhui Jin, Yuting Zhou, Wentao Su, Gangjun Zong

Subjects: “…Proprotein convertase subtilisin-type kexin 9…”
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Silencing hepatic PCSK9 via novel chimeric AAV8 mitigates the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation in ApoE−/− mice by Xiaocui Chen, Minghui Sun, Xiang Ma, Yitong Ma, Bangdang Chen

Subjects: “…proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9…”
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Optimal calorie restriction threshold: effect of FATmax exercise combined with different proportions of calorie restriction on hypercholesterolemia by Yuetong Wu, Li Zhang, Jing Li, Boyang Xue, Wenyuan Shang, Yingli Lu

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Association of Insomnia, Lipid Profile, and Lipid-Lowering Medications: A Narrative Review by Fang Jia, Shun-Yi Shi, Si-Fan Fei, Min Zhou, Jian-Jun Li

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Increased Expression of the Pro-Protein Convertase Furin Predicts Decreased Survival in Ovarian Cancer by Robert E. Page, Andrés J. P. Klein-Szanto, Samuel Litwin, Emmanuelle Nicolas, Raid Al-Jumaily, Peter Alexander, Andrew K. Godwin, Eric A. Ross, Russell J. Schilder, Daniel E. Bassi

“…Background: Proprotein convertases (PCs) are serine proteases that after restricted proteolysis activate many proteins that play a crucial role in cancer such as metalloproteinases, growth factors and growth factor receptors, adhesion molecules, and angiogenic factors. …”
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Evolocumab-induced delayed skin hypersensitivity reaction in a patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia by Grzegorz Porebski, Alicja Dziadowiec

“…In this report, we describe a patient with a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to evolocumab, a human monoclonal antibody directed against the serine protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 used to reduce low-density lipoprotein concentrations in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia. …”
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Protective effect of alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, on the sciatic nerve of rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by Na Cui, Yonghao Feng, Ming Wang, Xiuyan Lu, Yongmei Huang, Yinghui Chen, Xiaohong Shi

“…Dyslipidemia has been considered a risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/Kexin 9 inhibitor (PCSK9) inhibitors are a new type of lipid-lowering drug currently in clinical use. …”
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PCSK9: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis by Yuan Yuan, Wei Wu, Shanshan Sun, Yi Zhang, Zhi Chen

“…Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is often upregulated in the presence of sepsis and infectious diseases. …”
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Association of the rs562556 PCSK9 Gene Polymorphism with Reduced Mortality in Severe Malaria among Malian Children by Olesya Fedoryak, Charles Arama, Issa Diarra, Bouréma Kouriba, Michel Chrétien, Majambu Mbikay

“…Recent evidence suggests that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a downmodulator of cellular uptake of blood cholesterol, also negatively impacts host immune response to microbial infection. …”
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PCSK9 Expression in Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Molecular Association with Local Tissue Inflammation by Elena Dozio, Massimiliano Ruscica, Elena Vianello, Chiara Macchi, Clementina Sitzia, Gerd Schmitz, Lorenza Tacchini, Massimiliano M. Corsi Romanelli

“…Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has the unique property to release mediators that nourish the heart in healthy conditions, an effect that becomes detrimental when volume expands and proinflammatory cytokines start to be produced. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a proinflammatory mediator involved in atherosclerosis, is also produced by visceral fat. …”
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Isolation of PCSK9-specific nanobodies from synthetic libraries using a combined protein selection strategy by Apisitt Thaiprayoon, Yodpong Chantarasorn, Worrapoj Oonanant, Anongnard Kasorn, Phoomintara Longsompurana, Satita Tapaneeyakorn, Pinpunya Riangrungroj, Fabien Loison, Andrew C. Kruse, Matthew P. DeLisa, Dujduan Waraho-Zhmayev

“…This combined process enabled isolation of three unique Nb clones (NbT15, NbT21, and NbT22) that all bound specifically to a target antigen, namely proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as well as a gain-of-function PCSK9 mutant (D374Y). …”
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Conditional knockdown of hepatic PCSK9 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced liver inflammation in mice by Xue-Ying Zhang, Qing-Qing Lu, Yan-Jie Li, Shan-Rui Shi, Chao-Nan Ma, Miao Miao, Shou-Dong Guo

“…InstructionAccumulating evidence has shown that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is associated with inflammation in the vascular system. …”
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Impact of PCSK9 Immunization on Glycemic Indices in Diabetic Rats by Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Elham Abdollahi, Maciej Banach, Amirhossein Sahebkar

“…The impact of Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition on glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus remains far from clear. …”
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New epigenome players in the regulation of PCSK9-H3K4me3 and H3K9ac alterations by statin in hypercholesterolemia by Sushmitha Duddu, Yash T. Katakia, Rituparna Chakrabarti, Pooja Sharma, Praphulla Chandra Shukla

“…Despite its prevalent use, statins are known to increase proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression, hindering its efficiency. …”
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Serum PCSK9 Correlates with PTX3 and Apolipoproteins B, A1, and C3 Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Małgorzata Waluś-Miarka, Maria Kapusta, Przemysław Miarka, Ewa Kawalec, Barbara Idzior-Waluś

“…Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in the regulation of LDL metabolism. …”
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetics, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - A Literature Overview by Maciej Rutkiewicz, Sabina Przygodzka, Katarzyna Gadżała, Karolina Garbino, Katarzyna Brudniak, Antoni Szuścik, Magdalena Czyczerska

“…These are: LDL-Receptor (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). People who are affected by mutation have around thirteen times higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and, in order to that, premature death. …”
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Perioperative pembrolizumab in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): safety, efficacy, and exploratory biomarker analysis by Jeff Clarke, Xiaofei Wang, Thomas Stinchcombe, Scott J Antonia, Jeffrey Crawford, Neal Ready, Konstantin H Dragnev, Lin Gu, Cameron Wood, James M Isaacs, Liliana Lyniv, Kent Weinhold, Jacob M Kaufman, Eziafa I Oduah, Betty C Tong, Dennis Wigle

“…Across all treated patients, four receiving neoadjuvant and four receiving adjuvant pembrolizumab experienced treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher with no grade 5 events. Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels increased across our patient cohort over time from baseline until postsurgery and remained elevated at the end of treatment. …”
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Apolipoproteins A and B and PCSK9: Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease and in End-Stage Renal Disease by Cristiana-Elena Vlad, Liliana Foia, Roxana Popescu, Iuliu Ivanov, Mihaela Catalina Luca, Carmen Delianu, Vasilica Toma, Cristian Statescu, Ciprian Rezus, Laura Florea

“…Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors as apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increase the prevalence of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) through quantitative alterations. …”
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Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitor on Blood Lipid Levels in Patients with High and Very-High CVD Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Yue Zhang, Yanrong Suo, Lin Yang, Xiaolu Zhang, Qun Yu, Miao Zeng, Wenlan Zhang, Xijuan Jiang, Yijing Wang

“…We aimed to investigate the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor on blood lipid levels in patients with high and very-high cardiovascular risk. …”
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