Topical Microbicides for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV by André Désormeaux, Rabeea F Omar, Michel G Bergeron

“…To reduce significantly the probability of acquiring infection, condoms should be used during all risky sexual intercourse. …”
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Crash Risk Prediction Model of Lane-Change Behavior on Approaching Intersections by Yingshuai Li, Jian Lu, Kuisheng Xu

“…This paper defines the Integrated Conflict Risk Index (ICRI), which takes into account the probability and severity of risk. Using the index as the dependent variable, the risk prediction model of implementing the lane-change process is established. …”
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An inherently discrete–time $ SIS $ model based on the mass action law for a heterogeneous population by Marcin Choiński

“…We indicate functions that reflect the probability of remaining healthy, which are based on the mass action law. …”
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Safety Standard for Special Class Damslopes Based on Reliability Analysis by Lingzhi Huang, Zheng Si, Xiaoqi Du, Lifeng Wen, Bin Li

“…The concept of reliability theory-based relative ratio of the safety margin is utilized to establish the relationship between annual failure probability and safety factor, thereby obtaining the reasonable safety factors for different slopes. …”
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Cost-Effectiveness of an Intensive Upper Limb Rehabilitation Therapy for Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: An Economic Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Trial by Michael C. David, Hideki Higashi

“…At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $1000, only for the Pain and Impact of Disability domain was the intervention likely to have a probability of being cost-effective exceeding 0.75. …”
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Comparing Two Strategies to Model Uncertainties in Structural Dynamics by Rubens Sampaio, Edson Cataldo

“…In both cases, the probability density functions either of the random parameters or of the random matrix are deduced from the Maximum Entropy Principle using only the available information. …”
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Analytical Solution for the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation in Phase Space and Wigner Function by A. X. Martins, R. A. S. Paiva, G. Petronilo, R. R. Luz, R. G. G. Amorim, S. C. Ulhoa, T. M. R. Filho

“…The state is described by a quasi-probability amplitude that is in association with the Wigner function. …”
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A New Formulation on Seismic Risk Assessment for Reinforced Concrete Structures with Both Random and Bounded Uncertainties by Xiao-Xiao Liu, Yuan-Sheng Wang

“…Further, the failure probabilities for different limit states in 50 years can be obtained through coupling the seismic failure probability with the ground motion hazard curve. …”
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Excel as an optimization tool applied to multicomponent distillation column sizing by Luan Jonas de Souza Ribeiro, Camila Rodrigues Carneiro, Sara Gallegos Bosmediano, Mateus Tomaz Neves, Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias, Fernanda Raquel Carvalho

“…In both cases, the results obtained were identical, but with significantly lower time consumption and probability of error by the electronic method, demonstrating its potential for use in academic and industrial settings. …”
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Data-driven upper bounds and event attribution for unprecedented heatwaves by Mark D. Risser, Likun Zhang, Michael F. Wehner

“…Here, we show how the occurrence and relative probability of observed yet unprecedented events that exceed a priori upper bound estimates, so-called “impossible” temperatures, has changed over time. …”
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Parking Pricing and Model Split under Uncertainty by Chengjuan Zhu, Bin Jia, Linghui Han, Ziyou Gao

“…In the face of travel time uncertainty, travelers plan their trips with a prespecified on-time arrival probability. The impact of three route choice criteria: the mean travel time, the travel time budget, and mean-excess travel time, is compared for parking pricing and modal split. …”
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EFFECTS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ON PERIAPICAL HEALTH IN ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH by Kantor Ianos, Sorana Maria Bucur, Ioana Todor, Ștefania Dinu, Cristina Nuca, Fulop Botond, Mariana Păcurar

“…The periapical bone destruction probability index (PRI) demonstrated a significant increase in periapical destruction following orthodontic treatment. …”
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3D Rigid Registration of Intraoperative Ultrasound and Preoperative MR Brain Images Based on Hyperechogenic Structures by Pierrick Coupé, Pierre Hellier, Xavier Morandi, Christian Barillot

“…The registration procedure is achieved by maximizing the joint probability for a voxel to be included in hyperechogenic structures in both modalities. …”
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A Close Multi-Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Weight Correction by Lifan Sun, Liyang Xu, Wenhui Xue, Jianfeng Liu, Dan Gao

“… When multiple targets are close to each other and intersect, the Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filtering algorithm experiences degraded tracking performance. …”
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Car Delay Model near Bus Stops with Mixed Traffic Flow by Yang Xiaobao, Huan Mei, Gao Ziyou

“…This paper proposes a model for estimating car delays at bus stops under mixed traffic using probability theory and queuing theory. The roadway is divided to serve motorized and nonmotorized traffic streams. …”
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Multitarget Search of Swarm Robots in Unknown Complex Environments by You Zhou, Anhua Chen, Hongqiang Zhang, Xin Zhang, Shaowu Zhou

“…When searching for multiple targets in an unknown complex environment, swarm robots should firstly form a number of subswarms autonomously through a task division model and then each subswarm searches for a target in parallel. Based on the probability response principle and multitarget division strategy, a closed-loop regulation strategy is proposed, which includes target type of member, target response intensity evaluation, and distance to the corresponding individuals. …”
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Weber’s Law as the emergent phenomenon of choices based on global inhibition by Marcin Penconek

“…This hypothesis suggested that the neurophysiological basis for Weber’s Law was linked to choice probabilities of a correct decision using linearly encoded stimulus intensities. …”
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Scale-Dependent Browsing Patterns on Canada Yew (Taxus canadensis) by White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by Steve K. Windels, David J. Flaspohler

“…The implications of changes in deer density or snow cover to the probability of local persistence of Canada yew are discussed.…”
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Topology Optimization of Interactive Visual Communication Networks Based on the Non-Line-of-Sight Congestion Control Algorithm by Boya Liu, Xiaobo Zhou

“…Based on the obtained transfer probability and local channel state, the sending node passes the packet to the relay node. …”
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Changes in Body Mass Index across Age Groups in Iranian Women: Results from the National Health Survey by Enayatollah Bakhshi, Behjat Seifi, Akbar Biglarian, Kazem Mohammad

“…Among women aged 20–40 years, the rates of change in probabilities of overweight and obesity were highest. …”
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