The Applicability of Bipartite Graph Model for Thunderstorms Forecast over Kolkata by Sutapa Chaudhuri, Anirban Middey

“…Method of conditional probability is implemented to ascertain the possibilities of the occurrence of thunderstorms within the ranges of the threshold values. …”
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Quantifying the survival uncertainty of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in a spatial model by Martin Strugarek, Nicolas Vauchelet, Jorge P. Zubelli

“…We note that it is hard to have an invasion in such case. 2) How many release points does one need to have sufficiently high probability of invasion? 3) What happens if one accounts for uncertainty in the release protocol (e.g. unequal spacing among release points)?…”
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Dynamic Reliability Evaluation on Foundation of Stone Cutting Machine under Ambient Excitation by Jianjun Liu, Qiang Fu, Jiarui Shi, Xiao Li, Xueji Cai, Zilong Meng, Jiyi Mi

“…After getting the detected data, a fast identified process is available for fastly identifying the dynamic parameter foundation of stone cutting machine by using the peak-picking method, in which the natural frequency of foundation is able to be first identified by the equivalent frequency response function for the self-power spectrum of the foundation; subsequently, the damping ratio of the foundation, on the basis of the previous result of natural frequency, is identified by the half-power broadband technology; eventually, after obtaining these dynamic parameters identified, the failure probability of the foundation and its corresponding dynamic reliability index, under ambient excitation, is capable to be calculated based on the first-passage probability of the maximum response. …”
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Seismic Damage Analysis of Large-Span Tied-Arch Bridge with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes Subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motion by Yingzhi Xia, Jiawei Liu, Hui Li, Guoping Hu

“…The performance of the bridge was analyzed in terms of displacement, overall response, internal force changes, and damage probability considering the various near-fault and non-near-fault ground motions when imposing load onto the bridge. …”
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Extreme Space Weather Impacts on GNSS Timing Signals for Electricity Grid Management by T. Etchells, K. L. Aplin, L. Berthoud, A. Kalavana, A. Larkins

“…The probability was estimated to be between 3%–12% per decade to cause the complete failure of any GNSS‐based timing system.…”
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Novel defense based on softmax activation transformation by Jinyin CHEN, Changan WU, Haibin ZHENG

“…Deep learning is widely used in various fields such as image processing, natural language processing, network mining and so on.However, it is vulnerable to malicious adversarial attacks and many defensive methods have been proposed accordingly.Most defense methods are attack-dependent and require defenders to generate massive adversarial examples in advance.The defense cost is high and it is difficult to resist black-box attacks.Some of these defenses even affect the recognition of normal examples.In addition, the current defense methods are mostly empirical, without certifiable theoretical support.Softmax activation transformation (SAT) was proposed in this paper, which was a light-weight and fast defense scheme against black-box attacks.SAT reactivates the output probability of the target model in the testing phase, and then it guarantees privacy of the probability information.As an attack-free defense, SAT not only avoids the burden of generating massive adversarial examples, but also realizes the advance defense of attacks.The activation of SAT is monotonic, so it will not affect the recognition of normal examples.During the activation process, a variable privacy protection transformation coefficient was designed to achieve dynamic defense.Above all, SAT is a certifiable defense that can derive the effectiveness and reliability of its defense based on softmax activation transformation.To evaluate the effectiveness of SAT, defense experiments against 9 attacks on MNIST, CIFAR10 and ImageNet datasets were conducted, and the average attack success rate was reduced from 87.06% to 5.94%.…”
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How does foreign accent affect template matching mechanisms? ERP evidence from Polish by Hanna Kędzierska

“…In native-accented speech, violations of high cloze probability items resulted in a broadly distributed negativity followed by a P600 effect. …”
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A Phoenix++ Based New Genetic Algorithm Involving Mechanism of Simulated Annealing by Luokai Hu, Jin Liu, Chao Liang, Fuchuan Ni, Hang Chen

“…This characteristic guarantees our proposed algorithm has a higher probability of getting the global optimal solution than traditional genetic algorithms. …”
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Forming a conceptual understanding of mathematics at students of technical universities by Elena V. Kuznetsova, Natalia Yu. Zhbanova

“…The purpose the article is to identify and formulate the essential characteristics and pedagogical conditions for the formation of a conceptual understanding of mathematics, as well as to explore the possibilities and effectiveness of the integration of computer modeling as an instrument of forming a conceptual understanding in the process of teaching probability theory to students of technical universities. …”
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Primordial black holes from effective field theory of stochastic single field inflation at NNNLO by Sayantan Choudhury, Ahaskar Karde, Pankaj Padiyar, M. Sami

“…In the diffusion-dominated limit, we numerically compute the probability distribution featuring exponential tails at each order of perturbative treatment.…”
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Risk of childlessness in help-seeking men with Peyronie's disease-A Swedish longitudinal study. by Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Lars Henningsohn, Brendan Zietsch, Henrik Larsson, Martin Cederlöf

“…We found that the probability of childlessness was somewhat lowered for men with PD aged between 35 and 71 years at end of follow-up. …”
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Research of Deceptive Review Detection Based on Target Product Identification and Metapath Feature Weight Calculation by Ling Yuan, Dan Li, Shikang Wei, Mingli Wang

“…Existing methods of deceptive review detection did not consider the valid product review sets and classification probability of feature weights. In this research, we propose a deceptive review detection algorithm based on the target product identification and the calculation of the Metapath feature weight, noted as TM-DRD. …”
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Relationship between influenza-related experience and current vaccination outcome by Yunwei Gai

“…Linear and logistic probability models were estimated to predict influenza vaccination using a person’s vaccination status in the previous year and history of influenza infection, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic variables, general health status, and healthcare access. …”
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Research on Fault Diagnosis for Pumping Station Based on T-S Fuzzy Fault Tree and Bayesian Network by Zhuqing Bi, Chenming Li, Xujie Li, Hongmin Gao

“…On the one hand, traditional fault tree method needs the logical relationship between events and probability value of events and can only represent the events with two states. …”
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Collision Resolution Schemes with Nonoverlapped Contention Slots for Heterogeneous and Homogeneous WLANs by Raksha Upadhyay, Prakash D. Vyavahare, Sanjiv Tokekar

“…Selection of a random value by a station for its contention with discontinuous distribution results in reduced probability of collision. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits higher throughput and fairness with reduced delay and collision probability in homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. …”
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An Enhanced Two-Level Metaheuristic Algorithm with Adaptive Hybrid Neighborhood Structures for the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem by Pisut Pongchairerks

“…To generate each neighbor solution, the lower-level algorithm randomly uses one of two neighbor operators by a given probability. The upper-level algorithm is a population-based search algorithm developed for controlling the five input parameters of the lower-level algorithm, i.e., a perturbation operator, a scheduling direction, an ordered pair of two neighbor operators, a probability of selecting a neighbor operator, and a start solution-representing permutation. …”
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Fault Tree Interval Analysis of Complex Systems Based on Universal Grey Operation by Feng Zhang, Shiwang Tan, Leilei Zhang, Yameng Wang, Yang Gao

“…First, the failure probability ranges of the bottom events are described according to the conversion rules between the interval number and universal grey number. …”
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Goodness-of-Fit Test for the Bivariate Negative Binomial Distribution by Francisco Novoa-Muñoz, Juan Pablo Aguirre-González

“…When modeling real-world data, we face the challenge of determining which probability distribution best represents the data. To address this intricate problem, we rely on goodness-of-fit tests. …”
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ISLRWR: A network diffusion algorithm for drug-target interactions prediction. by Lu Sun, Zhixiang Yin, Lin Lu

“…Finally, we proposed a correction of the transfer probability of the entire network after increasing the self-loop rate of isolated nodes to form the ISLRWR algorithm. …”
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Flight Safety Assessment Based on a Modified Human Reliability Quantification Method by Yundong Guo, Youchao Sun, Xiufang Yang, Zongpeng Wang

“…Here, we propose a modified CREAM method to predict human error probability in flight and provide some improvement measures for critical operations. …”
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