Asymptotic and numerical solutions for diffusion models for compounded risk reserves with dividend payments by S. Shao, C. L. Chang

“…Based on the behavior of the total income flow, asymptotic and numerical methods are used to solve the special class of diffusion equations which govern the conditional ruin probability over finite time.…”
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A Queuing Network Based Optimization Model for Calculating Capacity of Subway Station by Hanchuan Pan, Zhigang Liu

“…Finally, this paper takes a subway station of Shanghai Metro as a case study and calculates the optimal selection probability. The proposed model could be used to analyze the average waiting time, congestion probability, and other evaluation indexes; at the same time, it verifies the validity and practicability of the model.…”
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Link quality based path delay analysis in wireless sensor networks by Quan CHEN, Hong GAO

“…The upper bound of the probability of a path meeting the deadline was given based on link quality, of which the time complexity was proved to be exponential. …”
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Prediction from Transmuted Rayleigh Distribution in the Presence of Outliers by Tahani Ahmad Aloafi

“…The quality of the procedures used in statistical analysis depends largely on the assumed probability distribution. However, there are still many problems with data that do not follow any of the classical distributions; therefore, researchers have developed many standardized probability distributions by generalizing or transforming them. …”
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Energy efficiency analysis of heterogeneous cellular network based on Thomas cluster process by Minglu JIN, Nan GUO

“…In the existing heterogeneous cellular networks (HCN),the rapid increasing of small cells caused a problem that the hotspots where users were clustered generated a huge amount of energy consumption.To improve the energy efficiency of the networks,the spatial model was researched.The users in hotspots in the HCN were modeled as the Thomas cluster process,combined with the max mean bias received signal power (max-BRP) strategy to achieve base station load balancing,and the user’s association probability,coverage probability and the network’s energy efficiency were derived using tool from stochastic geometry.The simulation shows that the derived formulas are accurate,and the network’s energy efficiency can be greatly improved by setting appropriate bias factors.…”
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Evolutionary Game Research between the Government Environmental Regulation Intensities and the Pollution Emissions of Papermaking Enterprises by Sen Zhang, Guangyuan Qin, Ling Wang, Baodong Cheng, Yuan Tian

“…However, papermaking enterprises may choose to comply with discharge pollution regulations not only by increasing the successful probability of strong environmental regulations but also by increasing the rewards and punishments for papermaking enterprises as well as by increasing the probability of reporting violations of pollutants. …”
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A New Approach for Estimating Rock Discontinuity Trace Intensity Based on Rectangular Sampling Windows by Xiaoxue Huo, Qiong Wu, Huiming Tang, Zhen Meng, Di Wang, Yuxin Liu, Shiyu Li

“…This paper presents an approach to estimate the two-dimensional trace intensity by considering unequal appearing probability for discontinuities sampled by rectangular windows. …”
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A Proposed Bearing Load Identification Method to Uncertain Rotor Systems by Wengui Mao, Nannan Zhang, Dan Feng, Jianhua Li

“…Bearing load is used as an indication of monitoring rotor system health, but there are interval and probability uncertain parameters in the process of obtaining bearing load from the rotor system. …”
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Research on Bridge Structure Reliability Evaluation due to Vessels Collison Based on a Statistical Moment Method by Tao Fu, Yang Liu, Zhixin Zhu

“…The statistical moment of the limited performance function is calculated through a quite small amount of confirmatory finite element analysis, and the structural reliability index and failure probability are obtained. The method can be widely used in existing finite element analysis programs, greatly reducing the number of finite element analyses needed and improving the efficiency of structural reliability analysis.…”
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Inferential Statistics from Black Hispanic Breast Cancer Survival Data by Hafiz M. R. Khan, Anshul Saxena, Elizabeth Ross, Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy, Diana Sheehan

“…In this paper we test the statistical probability models for breast cancer survival data for race and ethnicity. …”
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Evaluation of Tumor Heterogeneity of Prostate Carcinoma by Flow- and Image DNA Cytometry and Histopathological Grading by Naining Wang, Claudia Wilkin, Alfred Böcking, Bernhard Tribukait

“…We studied tumor heterogeneity and the probability of finding the highest tumor grade and DNA aneuploidy with relation to the number of biopsies. …”
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Interference cancelation for high-density fifth-generation relaying network using stochastic geometrical approach by MHD Nour Hindia, Faizan Qamar, Talib Abbas, Kaharudin Dimyati, Mohamad Sofian Abu Talip, Iraj Sadegh Amiri

“…The results for the proposed Poisson point process model have been evaluated in terms of success probability, network ergodic capacity, and outage probability, compared with the ideal grid model and conventional multiple-antenna ultra-dense network model. …”
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Predictors of Long-Time Survivors in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Large Population-Based Study by Wuguang Zhang, Wenqian Gong, Changhai Wu, Mengting Li, Xiaolong Tu

“…In addition, these five parameters were incorporated into a nomogram model to predict the probability of being LTSs. In terms of the model performance, the calibration curve revealed good agreement between observed and predicted probability of LTSs, and receiving operator characteristic curve showed acceptable discriminative capacity in the training and validation cohorts. …”
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Applying Simultaneously Monte Carlo Method and Dimension Reduction in Calculating the Reliability of Water Column Separation Phenomenon by Mehdi Azhdary Moghaddam, Sakineh Safari, Abdul Hamid BahrPeyma, Mohammad GivehChi

“…Examining the reliability results showed that the occurrence of the water column separation phenomenon reached the probability of network failure to 0.247. Also, the comparison of the probability of failure of variables effective in creating pressure shows that the probability of failure caused by the valve closing time and the distance from the upstream valve with amounts 0.209 and 0.0158 have the highest and lowest values, respectively. …”
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Copula-Based Method for Estimating the Minimum Void Ratio Parameters of Tailings Deposits by Hao Li, Yichuan Tang, Shibo Li, Jianquan Ma, Xiaojie Zhao

“…When the guarantee rate α is 0.485, the joint probability distribution model achieves optimal performance in terms of estimating the minimum void ratio. …”
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New insights into the DNA extraction and PCR amplification of minute ascomycetes in the genus Laboulbenia (Pezizomycotina, Laboulbeniales) by Warre Van Caenegem, Danny Haelewaters

“…We found that halving the reagents used in the single cell-based extraction kit did not significantly affect the probability of successful DNA extraction. Using the halved protocol reduces cost and resource consumption. …”
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Reliability Estimation of Parameters of Helical Wind Turbine with Vertical Axis by Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu, Badea Lepadatescu, Dorin-Ion Dumitrascu, Anisor Nedelcu, Doina Valentina Ciobanu

“…Also, the variation of power produced for different wind speeds, the Weibull distribution of wind probability, and the power generated were determined. …”
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Software diversification method based on binary rewriting by Benwei HE, Yunfei GUO, Yawen WANG, Qingfeng WANG, Hongchao HU

“…Software diversity is an effective defense against code-reuse attacks, but most existing software diversification technologies are based on source code.Obtaining program source code may be difficult, while binary files are challenging to disassemble accurately and distinguish between code pointers and data constants.This makes binary file diversification difficult to generate high levels of randomization entropy, and easily compromised by attackers.To overcome these challenges, a binary file oriented software diversification method was proposed based on static binary rewriting technology, namely instruction offset randomization.This method inserted NOP instructions of varying byte lengths before program instructions with a certain probability, reducing the number of unintended gadgets in the program and randomly offsetting the original instruction address.This disrupts the program’s original memory layout and increases the cost of code-reuse attacks.At the same time, an optimization strategy based on hot code was designed for this method.The execution times of basic blocks in binary files were obtained by dynamic pile insertion, so as to adjust the NOP instruction insertion probability in each basic block.The higher the execution frequency, the fewer NOP instructions were inserted into the basic block, which can ensure lower performance overhead and produce higher randomization entropy.In the experimental part, the SPEC benchmark program was used to test the optimized method from the aspects of performance overhead, gadget survival rate and file size.The results show that a 15% insertion probability achieves the best effect, with an average gadget survival rate of less than 1.49%, increasing attackers’ difficulty in reusing the same gadget attack chain.Furthermore, only a 4.1% operation overhead and 7.7% space overhead are added, maintaining high levels of security.…”
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Influence of Ambient Temperature on Nanosecond and Picosecond Laser-Induced Bulk Damage of Fused Silica by L. Yang, X. D. Yuan, H. X. Deng, X. Xiang, W. G. Zheng, S. B. He, Y. Jiang, H. B. Lv, L. Ye, H. J. Wang, X. T. Zu

“…Meanwhile, the damage probability has an inverse trend; that is, the damage probability at low temperature is smaller than that at room temperature. …”
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MAGDM Model Using the Exponential Similarity Measure of Neutrosophic Confidence Cubic Sets in a Single-Valued Neutrosophic Multivalued Circumstance by Jun Ye, Zhenhan Zhang, Rui Yong, Shigui Du

“…Probability estimation of small sample data is a key tool to ensure the probability that sample data fall within the confidence interval at a certain confidence level and probability distribution, which shows its advantages in practical engineering applications. …”
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