Edge Detection via Edge-Strength Estimation Using Fuzzy Reasoning and Optimal Threshold Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimization by Ajay Khunteta, D. Ghosh

“…This threshold is selected such that the overall probability of error in identifying edge pixels, that is, the sum of the probability of misdetection and the probability of false alarm, is minimum. …”
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Landslide Forecasting Model Based on PCA and Improved CS-RBF by WANG Lianxia, LI Limin, FANG Zihao, REN Ruibin, FU Zhentao, CUI Chengtao

“…The dimensionality-reduced data is then input into the RBF neural network for landslide probability forecasting. Secondly, an improved Cuckoo Search algorithm is used for parameter optimization to improve the accuracy of landslide probability forecasting. …”
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Activity-based routing algorithm in opportunistic mobile social networks by Sheng Zhang, Houzhong Liu, Caisen Chen, Zhaojun Shi, William Wei Song

“…If the source node and the destination node are both attend in the same activities, we select the best relay node which has the biggest delivery probability. While the source node and the destination node are not in the same activities at the same time, we need to find the optimal path which owns highest indirect delivery probability, and messages will be transmitted through the optimal path. …”
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PN code acquisition method based on prepositive 3-order correlated detection by HAO Yan-ling, DENG Zhi-xin, WANG Wei

“…Theoretical analysis and the results of simulation show that this method can effectively increase the detection probability and decrease the acquisition time.…”
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Life cycle management of capital construction object with minimization of atmospheric air pollution by V. N. Azarov, O. V. Burlachenko, A. O. Burlachenko, M. D. Azarova

“…Based on the developed life cycle model, expressions for determining the probability of events occurrence during the LC CCO are obtained. …”
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Research on Operation Characteristics and Safety Risk Forecast of Bus Driven by Multisource Forewarning Data by Shejun Deng, Hongru Yu, Caoye Lu

“…The probability of fatigue forewarning during low peak hours on rainy days is about 30% lower than that during peak hours. …”
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Differences in effects of varying compound extreme temperature and precipitation events on summer maize yield in North China by Zhongxian Liu, Rangjian Qiu, Qi Zhang

“…Three-dimensional joint cumulative probability distribution functions were constructed using vine copulas to assess the probability of yield loss rate (YLR) limited by different compound events. …”
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Disability and pain after lumbar surgery-group-based trajectory analysis. by Konsta Koivunen, Jari Arokoski, Sara Widbom-Kolhanen, Katri Pernaa, Juhani Juhola, Mikhail Saltychev

“…Also, it is unclear which preoperative factors may affect the probability of being classified into groups with different development trajectories of surgical outcome. …”
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Exploring Risk Factors with Crash Severity on China Two-Lane Rural Roads Using a Random-Parameter Ordered Probit Model by Shikun Xie, Xiaofeng Ji, Wenchen Yang, Rui Fang, Jingjing Hao

“…To better understand the effect of critical factors on crash severity outcome probability, an elasticity analysis was then introduced. …”
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Analysis of Gas Pipeline Failure Factors Based on the Novel Bayesian Network by Machine Learning Optimization by Shuangqing Chen, Shun Zhou, Zhe Xu, Yongbin Liu, Bing Guan, Xiaoyu Jiang, Wencheng Li

“…The two-way inference function of Bayesian network is used to obtain the failure probability of gas pipeline and the posterior probability of root node. …”
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Microscopic irreversibility by Karl Gustafson

“…This involves new concepts of probability preference and probability violation. A manifestation of this irreversibility may be seen during emission of bound-free photons during field-matter interactions. …”
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Research of nonparametric density estimation algorithms by applying clustering methods by Rasa Šmidtaitė, Tomas Ruzgas

“… One of the ways to improve the accuracy of probability density estimation is multi-mode density treating as the mixture of single-mode one. …”
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Fusion spectrum sensing algorithm based on eigenvalues by Wenjing ZHAO, He LI, Minglu JIN

“…Aiming at the problem of inefficient use of spectrum resources,a fusion spectrum sensing algorithm based on eigenvalues was proposed to effectively achieve dynamic spectrum sharing.The test statistics were constructed by employing the maximum eigenvalue,the trace and the geometric mean of all eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix.The detection probability and false alarm probability of the proposed method were analyzed using the random matrix theory,and the analytical representation of the theoretical threshold was obtained.In addition,the parameter selection of the proposed algorithm was analyzed theoretically.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better detection ability than the existing eigenvalue detection algorithm.…”
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Generalizing the Black and Scholes Equation Assuming Differentiable Noise by Kjell Hausken, John F. Moxnes

“…This article develops probability equations for an asset value through time, assuming continuous correlated differentiable Gaussian distributed noise. …”
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JPD-Coloring of the Monohedral Tiling for the Plane by S. A. El-Shehawy, M. Basher

“…We introduce a definition of coloring by using joint probability distribution “JPD-coloring” for the plane which is equipped by tiling I. …”
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Research on cryptographic properties of a new S-box based on cellular automaton by Jie GUAN, Junjun HUANG

“…A new S-box based on cellular automata was found by experiments.The permutation properties of the S-box were analyzed,which proved that the S-box was a permutation only when the size of lattice was 5.Then the relation between the nontrivial difference transition probability of the S-box and the rank of the difference matrix was proved by constructing the difference matrix.And it was proved that the cyclic shift of input differential would not change the corresponding nontrivial differential transition probability,and obtained the sufficient and necessary conditions about the maximum and minimum nontrivial differential transition probabilities when the size of lattice was 5.Then the problem of the difference distribution of the S-box in this situation is completely solved.…”
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Automatic search algorithm for differential characteristics in ARX ciphers by Zheng-bin LIU

“…How to compute the differential of modular addition efficiently is critical to automatic search for differential characteristic in ARX ciphers.To solve this problem,firstly,the concept of collerated difference distribution table (CDDT) was proposed.By looking up the CDDT,it was very efficient to compute the differential probability of modular addition.Secondly,extending Matsui’s algorithm to ARX cihpers and using CDDT,an automatic search algorithm was proposed,and the algorithm could give the differential characteristic with highest probability in ARX ciphers.Finally,the proposed algorithm was applied to the ARX cipher SPECK,and got the best differential characteristics for SPECK32,SPECK48 and SPECK64.…”
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Risk Analysis of Sequential Dam Break of Cascade Reservoirs and Simulation of Flood Routing by YU Zibo, XIANG Yan, MENG Ying, SU Zhengyang

“…To study the risk of sequential dam break of cascade reservoirs,and to simulate and analyze the flood routing process,by constructing a Bayesian network model for the sequential dam break of double reservoirs under the action of extra standard floods and piping,and combining the dam break and flood routing simulation of Breach dam-break numerical model and two-dimensional HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model,this paper calculates the probability of dam break,evaluates the risk of sequential dam break,and simulates the flood routing process,taking Hanconggou Reservoir and Dingguoshan Reservoir as examples.The calculation results show that:Through Bayesian-based backward inference of the known dam break of Dingguoshan Reservoir,the probability of “Hancongou Reservoir dam break” increased from 3% to 87%;while through Bayesian-based backward inference of the known dam break of Hancongou Reservoir,the probability of “Hancongou Reservoir piping” increased from 16% to 87%.Under extra standard flood and piping conditions,due to the sequential dam break of the two reservoirs,the time for the flood to reach the section CS1—CS6 is 0.8~3.0 h;under the flood conditions that occurred once in 1 000 years,the Hancongou Reservoir was opened for flood discharge but the dam was not broken.Only the Dingguoshan Reservoir was over-topped with dam break,and the flood reached the section CS1—CS6 in 21.5~26.5 h.This study can provide scientific reference for reducing dam break risk,and making emergency plan and disaster prevention & mitigation plan.…”
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Mathematics as Information Compression via the Matching and Unification of Patterns by J. Gerard Wolff

“…Also discussed is the intimate relation between IC and concepts of probability, with arguments that there are advantages in approaching AI, cognitive science, and concepts of probability via ICMUP. …”
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A synthesis method for zero-sum mean-payoff asynchronous probabilistic games by Wei Zhao, Wanwei Liu, Zhiming Liu, Tiexin Wang

“…Combining the probability of system winning, the expected mean payoffs of the system when it has the probability of winning is calculated. …”
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