Delay-optimal spectrum decision method for cognitive network by Wu-jian SUN, Na LI, Yang LIU, Le SUN, Tao CHEN, Hao LI, Ou LI

“…Spectrum decision was investigated within the confine of spectrum management framework for cognitive radio networks.Sensing errors in PHY layer,outage probability on wireless channel and multiple interruptions of primary user were taken into consideration.Probability-based and sensing-based spectrum decision methods were proposed,which were capable of balancing traffic evenly among licensed.For the probability-based method,short-time first discipline was employed to further shorten average residual time,closed-formed expression were presented based on dynamical programing.For the sensing based method,new channel could be chosen for uncompleted transmission,which alleviated the time spent in waiting primary user.Optimal residual time was obtained by choosing the minimal value of the two methods.Furthermore,spectrum heterogeneity was taken into consideration and theoretical analysis was of general sense.Simulation results validate the approach is efficient.…”
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An Approximation of Minimum Initial Capital of Investment Discrete Time Surplus Process with Weibull Distribution in a Reinsurance Company by Soontorn Boonta, Somchit Boonthiem

“…Catastrophe is a loss that has a low probability of occurring but can lead to high-cost claims. …”
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A Single-Valued Extended Hesitant Fuzzy Score-Based Technique for Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making by Bahram Farhadinia, Atefeh Taghavi

“…The probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set (PHFS) is a worthwhile extension of the hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) which allows people to improve their quantitative assessment with the corresponding probability. Recently, in order to address the issue of difficulty in aggregating decision makers’ opinions, a probability splitting algorithm has been developed that drives an efficient probabilistic-unification process of PHFSs. …”
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CFA-Based Splicing Forgery Localization Method via Statistical Analysis by Lei Liu, Peng Sun, Yubo Lang, Jingjiao Li

“…This probability serves as a means of discerning the presence and absence of CFA artifacts, as well as distinguishing between various interpolation techniques. …”
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Performance analysis of RIS-assisted mixed RF/THz system by Sai LI, Liang YANG, Qimei CUI, Siyuan YU

“…To solve the problem of the short transmission distance of terahertz (THz) links, the performance of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted mixed dual-hop radio frequency (RF)/THz system was studied.An RIS was used to enhance signal strength, thereby improving the system performance.Using the fixed-gain amplify-and-forward protocol, the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio of the RF/THz link were derived.Capitalizing on the statistical characteristics, the analytical expressions of outage probability, average bit error rate, and average channel capacity of the mixed relaying system were further derived.In addition, the asymptotic analyses of the outage probability and the average bit error rate were carried out to obtain the diversity order of the mixed RF/THz system.Simulation results show that the RIS can effectively improve the performance of the mixed RF/THz system.Furthermore, the system performance is related to the channel fading, pointing errors, and propagation distance.…”
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Power Management in Multiuser Adaptive Modulation Transmission under QoS Requirements by Saud Althunibat, Nizar Zorba, Charalabos Skianis, Christos Verikoukis

“…The amount of saved power and the power outage probability are both presented through closed-form expressions. …”
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First Passage Time of a Markov Chain That Converges to Bessel Process by Moussa Kounta

“…We investigate the probability of the first hitting time of some discrete Markov chain that converges weakly to the Bessel process. …”
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Decision vector model in predicting social behavior (on the example of the secondary analysis of the pre-election surveys) by N. S. Babich, S. M. Kharun

“…But for this, we need to calculate the probability of turnout based on other parameters known before the elections. …”
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Exploration of Use of Copulas in Analysing the Relationship between Precipitation and Meteorological Drought in Beijing, China by Linlin Fan, Hongrui Wang, Cheng Wang, Wenli Lai, Yong Zhao

“…The copula-based conditional probability indicated that the probability of meteorological drought decreased as monthly precipitation increased and that 10 mm can be regarded as the threshold for triggering extreme drought. …”
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More Benefits of Adding Sparse Random Links to Wireless Networks: Yet Another Case for Hybrid Networks by Gunes Ercal

“…In particular, given a parameter k controlling sparsity, any node has a probability of 1 / k 2 n r 2 for being a wired link station. …”
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A new probabilistic model with simulation study: Its practical implementations using the energy consumption in urban planning by Jiayi Zhang, Shensheng Chen, Tmader Alballa, Laila A. AL-Essa, Haifa Alqahtani, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa

“…Methods based on probability make use of data sets to recognize patterns, evaluate potential outcomes, and predict various scenarios. …”
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Quantification of Dynamic Excitation Potential of Pedestrian Population Crossing Footbridges by Stana Žcaronivanović, Aleksandar Pavić

“…Both types of variability are modelled using the appropriate probability density functions. The probability distributions were then implemented into a framework procedure for vibration response prediction under a single person excitation. …”
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Lack of Effect of H2-Receptor Antagonists and Antacids on the Gastric and Duodenal Gastrin-, Somatostatin- and Serotonin-Producing Cells in Patients with Acid Peptic Disorders by WR Yacoub, ABR Thomson, P Hooper, LD Jewell

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Community empowerment of waste management in the urban environment: More attention on waste issues through formal and informal educations by A. Brotosusilo, D. Utari, H. Negoro, A. Firdaus, R. Velentina

“…Besides that, having self-initiative on environmental caring and good habits from childhood will decrease the probability of littering on an individual level. An individual has a self-initiative, the probability of littering will be 0.1732 times lower than those who do not have self-initiative. …”
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Energy efficiency analysis of broadcast and communication converged network by Cheng-jie SHEN, Yun RUI, Guo-ming QIAN, Fei HUANG, Ming-qi LI

“…By further exploiting the coverage of broadcast network and the outage probability of cellular network, the closed-form expression of the converged network energy efficiency (EE) was derived, and the impact of popular business probability to the energy efficiency was discussed. …”
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A Fast Elitism Gaussian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Application for PID Optimization by Qingyang Xu, Chengjin Zhang, Li Zhang

“…The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. …”
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Novel mathematical analysis on CSSN parameters for various fading effects by Naveen Kumar Boddukuri, Debasish Pal, Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay, Chaitali Koley

“…The objective of this paper is to determine which diversity technique maximizes the average detection probability under various fading conditions. We have also aimed to identify which fading environment is giving a higher detection probability value. …”
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Online Bayesian Data Fusion in Environment Monitoring Sensor Networks by Yang Dingcheng, Wang Zhenghai, Xiao Lin, Zhang Tiankui

“…Finally, based on the transition probability of the proposed data transfer channel and the probability of the estimated value transited to specific quantification levels, the level with the maximum posterior probability is decided to be the current value of the physical phenomenon. …”
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A novel Wasserstein generative adversarial network for stochastic wind power output scenario generation by Xiurong Zhang, Daoliang Li, Xueqian Fu

“…Compared with the probability models, the proposed model is data‐driven, that is, it can simulate wind power scenarios based on historical samples rather than probability hypothesis, and it can independently learn the space‐time correlation of wind power generation in different locations. …”
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Outage performance of SWIPT-NOMA-CR network with imperfect SIC and CSI by Zhuhua MA, Liping LUO

“…For the cognitive relay network based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which is termed as SWIPT-NOMA-CR network, considering the practical situation of imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) and channel state information (CSI), the outage performance of secondary users was studied by using three relay transmission schemes including ideal, time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS).The analytical expressions of outage probability were derived for the secondary users, and the theoretical derivations were validated by Monte Carlo simulations.The results show that the outage performance of secondary users is impaired due to the imperfect SIC and CSI.Compared with the imperfect CSI, the imperfect SIC causes more severe loss to the outage performance of the system.Moreover, the outage probability of PS relay transmission scheme is lower than that of TS scheme.When the imperfect SIC and CSI conditions are changed, the outage probability gap with PS scheme is less than that with TS scheme, which indicates that the reliability of PS relay transmission scheme is superior to that of TS scheme.…”
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