A Novel Adaptive Probabilistic Nonlinear Denoising Approach for Enhancing PET Data Sinogram by Musa Alrefaya, Hichem Sahli

“…The edge-stopping function is computed in terms of edge probability under the assumption of contamination by Poisson noise. …”
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Risk Evaluation of Urban Integrated Pipe Corridor Operation and Maintenance Based on Improved AHP-CIM Model by Shuai Wang, Shaochuan Fu

“…The results show that the overall O&M risk level of this integrated pipe corridor is high, and its probability is 69.47%.…”
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Nonfragile Gain-Scheduled Control for Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with Randomly Occurring Sensor Saturations by Wangyan Li, Guoliang Wei, Hamid Reza Karimi, Xiaohui Liu

“…The considered sensor saturation phenomenon is assumed to occur in a random way based on the time-varying Bernoulli distribution with measurable probability in real time. The aim of the paper is to design a nonfragile gain-scheduled controller with probability-dependent gains which can be achieved by solving a convex optimization problem via semidefinite programming method. …”
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Digital Finance and Firm Exit: Mathematical Model and Empirical Evidence from Industrial Firms by Fenfen Ma, Linxing Lei, Ziyang Chen, Mancang Wang

“…The results show that digital financial development significantly suppresses firm exit probability. Mechanism analysis suggests that digital financial development can ease the information asymmetry of the credit market, facilitate the credit acquisition of firms, and alleviate the constraint on corporate financing, thereby reducing the probability of firm exit. …”
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An Approximation of Minimum Initial Capital of Investment Discrete Time Surplus Process with Weibull Distribution in a Reinsurance Company by Soontorn Boonta, Somchit Boonthiem

“…Catastrophe is a loss that has a low probability of occurring but can lead to high-cost claims. …”
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A Single-Valued Extended Hesitant Fuzzy Score-Based Technique for Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making by Bahram Farhadinia, Atefeh Taghavi

“…The probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set (PHFS) is a worthwhile extension of the hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) which allows people to improve their quantitative assessment with the corresponding probability. Recently, in order to address the issue of difficulty in aggregating decision makers’ opinions, a probability splitting algorithm has been developed that drives an efficient probabilistic-unification process of PHFSs. …”
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CFA-Based Splicing Forgery Localization Method via Statistical Analysis by Lei Liu, Peng Sun, Yubo Lang, Jingjiao Li

“…This probability serves as a means of discerning the presence and absence of CFA artifacts, as well as distinguishing between various interpolation techniques. …”
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Power Management in Multiuser Adaptive Modulation Transmission under QoS Requirements by Saud Althunibat, Nizar Zorba, Charalabos Skianis, Christos Verikoukis

“…The amount of saved power and the power outage probability are both presented through closed-form expressions. …”
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First Passage Time of a Markov Chain That Converges to Bessel Process by Moussa Kounta

“…We investigate the probability of the first hitting time of some discrete Markov chain that converges weakly to the Bessel process. …”
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Exploration of Use of Copulas in Analysing the Relationship between Precipitation and Meteorological Drought in Beijing, China by Linlin Fan, Hongrui Wang, Cheng Wang, Wenli Lai, Yong Zhao

“…The copula-based conditional probability indicated that the probability of meteorological drought decreased as monthly precipitation increased and that 10 mm can be regarded as the threshold for triggering extreme drought. …”
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More Benefits of Adding Sparse Random Links to Wireless Networks: Yet Another Case for Hybrid Networks by Gunes Ercal

“…In particular, given a parameter k controlling sparsity, any node has a probability of 1 / k 2 n r 2 for being a wired link station. …”
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A new probabilistic model with simulation study: Its practical implementations using the energy consumption in urban planning by Jiayi Zhang, Shensheng Chen, Tmader Alballa, Laila A. AL-Essa, Haifa Alqahtani, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa

“…Methods based on probability make use of data sets to recognize patterns, evaluate potential outcomes, and predict various scenarios. …”
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Quantification of Dynamic Excitation Potential of Pedestrian Population Crossing Footbridges by Stana Žcaronivanović, Aleksandar Pavić

“…Both types of variability are modelled using the appropriate probability density functions. The probability distributions were then implemented into a framework procedure for vibration response prediction under a single person excitation. …”
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Lack of Effect of H2-Receptor Antagonists and Antacids on the Gastric and Duodenal Gastrin-, Somatostatin- and Serotonin-Producing Cells in Patients with Acid Peptic Disorders by WR Yacoub, ABR Thomson, P Hooper, LD Jewell

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Community empowerment of waste management in the urban environment: More attention on waste issues through formal and informal educations by A. Brotosusilo, D. Utari, H. Negoro, A. Firdaus, R. Velentina

“…Besides that, having self-initiative on environmental caring and good habits from childhood will decrease the probability of littering on an individual level. An individual has a self-initiative, the probability of littering will be 0.1732 times lower than those who do not have self-initiative. …”
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A Fast Elitism Gaussian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Application for PID Optimization by Qingyang Xu, Chengjin Zhang, Li Zhang

“…The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. …”
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Novel mathematical analysis on CSSN parameters for various fading effects by Naveen Kumar Boddukuri, Debasish Pal, Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay, Chaitali Koley

“…The objective of this paper is to determine which diversity technique maximizes the average detection probability under various fading conditions. We have also aimed to identify which fading environment is giving a higher detection probability value. …”
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Online Bayesian Data Fusion in Environment Monitoring Sensor Networks by Yang Dingcheng, Wang Zhenghai, Xiao Lin, Zhang Tiankui

“…Finally, based on the transition probability of the proposed data transfer channel and the probability of the estimated value transited to specific quantification levels, the level with the maximum posterior probability is decided to be the current value of the physical phenomenon. …”
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A novel Wasserstein generative adversarial network for stochastic wind power output scenario generation by Xiurong Zhang, Daoliang Li, Xueqian Fu

“…Compared with the probability models, the proposed model is data‐driven, that is, it can simulate wind power scenarios based on historical samples rather than probability hypothesis, and it can independently learn the space‐time correlation of wind power generation in different locations. …”
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New developments in using stochastic recipe for multi-compartmentmodel: Inter-compartment traveling route, residence time, andexponential convolution expansion by Liang Zhao

“…In Markovian viewof compartmental system, mathematical solutions for the probability orprobability density functions, for a drug molecule with any defined inter-compartment traveling routes in the system and/or with specified residencetimes in any visited compartments, are provided. …”
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