Implicit Learning of Parity and Magnitude Associations with Number Color by Talia L. Retter, Christine Schiltz

“…Associative learning was measured as higher performance for high-probability vs. low-probability color/number pairings. …”
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Comparing Iraqi Regional Differences on Infant Feeding through Breastfeeding and Formula by Anna Grace Tribble

“…Over the ensuing decade, the probability of breastfeeding decreases, and the probability of infant formula use increases across most governorates. …”
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KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLASILIK: NİTELİKSEL/BAĞINTISAL/SEZGİSEL BİR OLASILIK KAVRAMI by Zekiye Kutlusoy

“…Therefore, a new approach to probability, i. e. comparative qualitative/relational/intuitive probability, could explain the classical, qualitativ numerical probability, by clarifying the underlying assumptions of probability theor based on A. …”
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Advancing Shannon Entropy for Measuring Diversity in Systems by R. Rajaram, B. Castellani, A. N. Wilson

“…To address these limitations, we introduce a renormalization of probability distributions based on the notion of case-based entropy Cc as a function of the cumulative probability c. …”
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BEP/SEP and Outage Performance Analysis of 𝐿-Branch Maximal-Ratio Combiner for 𝜅-𝜇 Fading by Mirza Milišić, Mirza Hamza, Mesud Hadžialić

“…In this paper we treat bit error probability (BEP), symbol error probability (SEP) and outage probability of MRC in presence of 𝜅-𝜇 fading. …”
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Nonlinear Demodulation and Channel Coding in EBPSK Scheme by Xianqing Chen, Lenan Wu

“…However, the conventional threshold decision cannot achieve the optimum performance, and the SIF brings more difficulty in obtaining the posterior probability for LDPC decoding. In this paper, we concentrate not only on reducing the BER of demodulation, but also on providing accurate posterior probability estimates (PPEs). …”
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Modeling MAC Protocol Based on Frame Slotted Aloha for Low Energy Critical Infrastructure Sensor Networks by Niamat Ullah, Kifayat Ullah, S. M. Riazul Islam, Pervaiz Khan, Sana Ullah, Kyung Sup Kwak

“…As the packet drop probability plays crucial role in LECIM applications, we propose framed slotted aloha based MAC for LECIM using linearly increased contention window size to reduce the packet drop probability. …”
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Identification of a Stochastic Dynamic Model for Aircraft Flight Attitude Based on Measured Data by Haiquan Li, Xiaoqian Chen, Jiatu Zhang, Bochen Wang, Jiahui Peng, Liang Wang

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Satellite In-Orbit Secondary Collision Risk Assessment by Haicheng Tao, Xueke Che, Qinyu Zhu, XinHong Li

“…With Starlink as an example, this paper is aimed at assessing the risk of in-orbit collision, analyzing the probability of collision in orbit in its natural operating state, and forecasting the probability of secondary collision between the collision-generated short-term debris cloud and satellites in the same orbit. …”
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SARS-CoV-2 Genome-Based Severity Predictions Correspond to Lower qPCR Values and Higher Viral Load by Martin Skarzynski, Erin M. McAuley, Ezekiel J. Maier, Anthony C. Fries, Jameson D. Voss, Richard R. Chapleau

“…We also found a nontrivial correlation between predicted severity probability and cycle threshold (r = −0.199). Finally, when divided into severity probability quartiles, the group most likely to experience severe illness (≥75% probability) had a Ct of 16.6 (n = 10), whereas the group least likely to experience severe illness (<25% probability) had a Ct of 21.4 (n = 350) (P=0.0045). …”
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Analysis of the Queueing-Inventory System with Impatient Customers and Mixed Sales by Yuying Zhang, Dequan Yue, Li Sun, Jinpan Zuo

“…The customer arrived waits for service with a probability p or is lost forever with a probability 1−p when the server is off due to a vacation. …”
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Application of Fuzzy Immune Algorithm and Soft Computing in the Design of 2-DOF PID Controller by Ning Ding, Priti Prabhakar, Anita Khosla, Vishal Jagota, Edwin Ramirez-Asis, Bhupesh Kumar Singh

“…To solve the difficulty in selecting the crossover probability and mutation probability in genetic algorithms, a fuzzy immune algorithm based on adaptive estimation of crossover probability and mutation probability in a fuzzy reasoning system is proposed, and it is used in the parameter optimization design of a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller. …”
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Relative information spectra with applications to statistical inference by Sergio Verdú

“…For any pair of probability measures defined on a common space, their relative information spectra——specifically, the distribution functions of the loglikelihood ratio under either probability measure——fully encapsulate all that is relevant for distinguishing them. …”
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Influencing Factors Analysis of Local Environmental Regulation Implementation Behaviors in China: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test by Feng Pan, Lin Wang

“…Reducing the emission standard of pollution can increase the penalty probability; increasing pollution discharge fee rate will reduce the penalty probability on pollution discharging enterprises, while increasing the fine rate for excessive pollution will reduce the levy probability imposed on enterprises by local governments. …”
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Optimal capacity configuration of joint system considering uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and demand response by Yuanxiang Luo, Haixin Hao, Lidong Fan

“…Abstract To reduce phenomenon of abandoning wind and photovoltaic power, improve the limitations of traditional methods in dealing with uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and system planning, and improve the optimal configuration of resources, an optimal capacity configuration of joint system considering uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and demand response is proposed. Firstly, using probability distribution information of wind and photovoltaic power output, the distance between actual probability distribution and forecast probability distribution is constrained based on the 1‐norm and ∞‐norm. …”
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A Flexible Polynomial Expansion Method for Response Analysis with Random Parameters by Rugao Gao, Keping Zhou, Yun Lin

“…But in gPCEM, a nonlinear transformation of random variables should always be used to adapt the generalized Polynomial Chaos theory for the analysis of random problems with complicated probability distributions, which may introduce nonlinearity in the procedure of random uncertainty propagation as well as leading to approximation errors on the probability distribution function (PDF) of random variables. …”
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Prediction of Patients with Acute Cholecystitis Requiring Emergent Cholecystectomy: A Simple Score by Wael N. Yacoub, Mikael Petrosyan, Indu Sehgal, Yanling Ma, Parakrama Chandrasoma, Rodney J. Mason

“…The prevalence of gangrenous cholecystitis was 13% in the low-probability (0–2 points), 33% in the intermediate-probability (2–4.5 points), and 87% in the high probability category (>4.5 points). …”
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Distributed Cooperative Search Control Method of Multiple UAVs for Moving Target by Chang-jian Ru, Xiao-ming Qi, Xu-ning Guan

“…Based on detection results of onboard sensors, target probability map is updated using Bayesian theory. A Gaussian distribution of target transition probability density function is introduced to calculate prediction probability of moving target existence, and then target probability map can be further updated in real-time. …”
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Improvement of the Resilience of a Microgrid Using Fragility Modeling and Simulation by Santhan Kumar Ch, N. Karuppiah, B. Praveen Kumar, S. Shitharth, B. Dasu

“…The modern microgrid is designed to withstand various disruptive events that have a high probability of occurrence but have a low impact on the system. …”
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Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Multispan Continuous Bridges Subjected to Mainshock-Aftershock Earthquake Sequences by Yan Liang, Yukun Cui, Chao Ren

“…For any given PGA, the exceedance probability decreases with the increase in severity of damage state.…”
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