Spatio-temporal modelling of extreme low birth rates in U.S. counties by Kai Wang, Yingqing Zhang, Long Bai, Ying Chen, Chengxiu Ling

“…The optimal stochastic partial differential equation and autoregressive model of order one (SPDE-AR(1)) spatiotemporal structured model is selected based on common Bayesian criteria and scaled threshold weighted continuous ranked probability score, indicating apparent spatial unbalance and deteriorating tendency of falling birth rate. …”
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Distributionally robust parameter estimation for nonlinear fed-batch switched time-delay system with moment constraints of uncertain measured output data by Sida Lin, Jinlong Yuan, Zichao Liu, Tao Zhou, An Li, Chuanye Gu, Kuikui Gao, Jun Xie

“…., a bi-level parameter estimation (BLPE) problem) subject to the NCTSTD system was presented, where the expectation of the discrepancy between the output of the NCTSTD system and the uncertain measured output data with respect to its probability distributions was included in the cost functional. …”
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Empirical Based Ranging Error Mitigation in IR-UWB: A Fuzzy Approach by Sunil K. Meghani, Muhammad Asif, Faroq Awin, Kemal Tepe

“…The model is evaluated, and its performance is gauged in terms of residual ranging error cumulative distribution, root mean square error, and outage probability parameters using experimental measurements and compared with the state-of-the-art work. …”
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An experimental study on the synergic damage of chemical solutions and stress to coal by Yaoyu Shi, Xiangchun Li, Xiaowei Li, Haonan Song, Xuefei Zhuo, Jianhua Zeng, Zhenzhong Li, Qingdong Qu

“…To model the synergic effects of chemical solution corrosion and stress, a chemical solution corrosion-stress coupling factor was introduced into the Weibull probability distribution-based constitutive model. The modified model accurately describes the strain–stress behavior and damage evolution under combined chemical and mechanical effects. …”
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Soil Moisture Response to Short-Term Inorganic Fertilization on Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Crop Varieties in Northern Ethiopia by Gebreyesus Brhane Tesfahunegn

“…Data were analyzed at a probability level of 0.05. The fertilizer treatments significantly affected the SMC determined at the different tef growth stages and cropping seasons. …”
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Budget Impact Analysis of Treatment Flow Optimization in Epilepsy Patients: Estimating Potential Impacts with Increased Referral Rate to Specialized Care by Masaki Iwasaki, Takashi Saito, Akiko Tsubota, Tatsunori Murata, Yuta Fukuoka, Kazutaka Jin

“…However, important information in the decision-making such as transition probability to the next therapy or excuse for sensitive limitations is not available currently. …”
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Competing Risks Analysis of Cancer-associated Recurrent Thrombosis, Major Bleeds, and Death in a Geriatric Cohort by Joshua D. Brown, Kelley L. Ratermann, Kelley L. Ratermann, Jeffery C. Talbert, Jeffery C. Talbert, Val R. Adams, Val R. Adams

“…Treatment groups were compared on baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and an inverse probability of treatment weight was used to balance these factors between the groups. …”
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A Deep Q-Learning Algorithm With Guaranteed Convergence for Distributed and Uncoordinated Operation of Cognitive Radios by Ankita Tondwalkar, Andres Kwasinski

“…Key in the study of UDMA-DQL herein, it is shown by considering aspects specific to deep reinforcement learning, that under an arbitrarily long time the UDMA-DQL technique converges with probability one to equilibrium policies in the non-stationary environment resulting from the distributed and uncoordinated operation of cognitive radios. …”
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Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications by V. N. Babenko, Y. L. Orlov, Zh. T. Isakova, D. A. Antonov, M. I. Voevoda

“…The degenerate nature of CpG-island (elevated CG composition) implies an increase in the probability of tandem repeats and palindromes within CpG- island. …”
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Modeling to medical and economic data using: The transmuted power unit inverse Lindley distribution by Eman A. Eldessouky, Osama H. Mahmoud Hassan, Badr Aloraini, Ibrahim Elbatal

“…Modeling biomedical and economic data accurately poses considerable challenges due to the complexity of these datasets, which frequently display variability, skewness, and heavy tails. Standard probability distributions often do not adequately represent these complexities, resulting in erroneous conclusions. …”
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On Defining Expressions for Entropy and Cross-Entropy: The Entropic Transreals and Their Fracterm Calculus by Jan A. Bergstra, John V. Tucker

“…The algebra may form a basis for probability theory more generally.…”
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Light-Output Enhancement of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Three-Dimensional Backside Reflectors Patterned by Microscale Cone Array by Huamao Huang, Jinyong Hu, Hong Wang

“…Three-dimensional (3D) backside reflector, compared with flat reflectors, can improve the probability of finding the escape cone for reflecting lights and thus enhance the light-extraction efficiency (LEE) for GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) chips. …”
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A Comparison of Dysautonomias Comorbid with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and with Migraine by Gisela Chelimsky, Shruti Madan, Amer Alshekhlee, Elizabeth Heller, Kevin McNeeley, Thomas Chelimsky

“…Cross-sectional study of patients utilizing the ODYSA instrument, evaluating the probability of 12 functional/autonomic diagnoses, CVS, migraine, orthostatic intolerance (OI), reflex syncope, interstitial cystitis, Raynaud's syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. …”
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Evaluation Uncertainty in the Volume of Oil in Place in Mishrif Reservoir by Loay Khamees, Farah Abdulrazzaq

“…P10 refers to the total of potential and probable reserves, and P50 refers to proven and probable reserves. …”
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Vehicle Information Influence Degree Screening Method Based on GEP Optimized RBF Neural Network by Jingfeng Yang, Nanfeng Zhang, Ming Li, Yanwei Zheng, Li Wang, Yong Li, Ji Yang, Yifei Xiang, Lufeng Luo

“…To solve the problem for a large number of data transmissions in an actual operation, wireless transmission is proposed for text information (including position information) on the basis of the principles of the maximum entropy probability and the neural network prediction model combined with the optimization of the Huffman encoding algorithm, from the exchange of data to the entire data extraction process. …”
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Predictors of Hospital Length of Stay among Patients with Low-risk Pulmonary Embolism by Li Wang, Onur Baser, Phil Wells, W. Frank Peacock, Craig I. Coleman, Gregory J. Fermann, Jeff Schein, Concetta Crivera

“…LRPE patients with computed tomography angiography (Odds ratio [OR]: 4.8, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 3.82-5.97), lung ventilation/perfusion scan (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.86-7.76), or venous Doppler ultrasound (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.08-1.86) at baseline had an increased probability of short length of stay. Those with troponin I (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.54-0.86) or natriuretic peptide testing (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90), or more comorbidities at baseline, were less likely to have short length of stay. …”
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Effect of synchronization system errors on the reception noise immunity of amplitude-phase shift keyed signals by G. V. Kulikov, X. Kh. Dang, A. G. Kulikov

“…The dependencies of the bit error probability on the magnitude of the phase shift and the clock offset were characterized. …”
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A Group-Based Signal Timing Optimization Model Considering Safety for Signalized Intersections with Mixed Traffic Flows by Fen Wang, Keshuang Tang, Keping Li, Zhigang Liu, Lin Zhu

“…A probabilistic approach was developed to estimate the probability of occurrence of conflicts, with a novel safety indicator combining postencroachment time and kinetic energy for measuring conflict severity. …”
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Classification-augmented survival estimation (CASE): A novel method for individualized long-term survival prediction with application to liver transplantation. by Hamed Shourabizadeh, Dionne M Aleman, Louis-Martin Rousseau, Katina Zheng, Mamatha Bhat

“…Conventional survival analysis methods like Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models to generate survival curves indicating probability of survival v. time have limitations, especially for long-term prediction, due to assumptions that all instances follow a general population-level survival curve. …”
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Image Analysis Based Grading of Bladder Carcinoma. Comparison of Object, Texture and Graph Based Methods and Their Reproducibility by Heung‐Kook Choi, Torsten Jarkrans, Ewert Bengtsson, Janos Vasko, Kenneth Wester, Per-Uno Malmström, Christer Busch

“…The textural features were based on the spatial gray‐tone co‐occurrence probability matrices and the graph based features were extracted from the minimum spanning trees connecting all nuclei. …”
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