Clinical and Psychological Variables Present in Patients with Chronic Back Pain by Ahmed José Pomares Avalos, Teresa Rodríguez Rodríguez, José Antonio Pomares Alfonso

“…The study variables were: age, sex, educational level, occupation, origin, characteristics of pain (intensity, frequency, duration, type of treatment used for its relief), anxiety, depression, anger and hostility as personality traits, and anxiety, depression and stress as negative emotional states. A non-probability sample of patients with chronic back pain was used. …”
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Prioritization of Preventive Measures: A Multi-Criteria Approach to Risk Mitigation in Road Infrastructure Projects by Aleksandar Senić, Marija Ivanović, Momčilo Dobrodolac, Zoran Stojadinović

“…The experts evaluated 302 preventive measures across 56 risks using 4 predefined criteria: implementation costs, time required for implementation, implementation complexity, and probability of success. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach was then applied to analyze these evaluations, enabling the prioritization of preventive measures and the allocation of resources toward the most effective strategies. …”
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Prediction of Moderate and Heavy Rainfall in New Zealand Using Data Assimilation and Ensemble by Yang Yang, Phillip Andrews, Trevor Carey-Smith, Michael Uddstrom, Mike Revell

“…In addition, the rainfall occurrence probability derived from the ensemble is a good predictor of heavy rainfall. …”
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Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia by Essam Nasher, Lee Yook Heng, Zuriati Zakaria, Salmijah Surif

“…The results of mean effects range-median quotient of the PAHs were lower than 0.1, which indicate an 11% probability of toxicity effect. Hence, the sampling sites were determined to be the low-priority sites.…”
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Timely Attendance of the First Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Aged 15–49 Living with HIV in Juba, South Sudan by Angelina Nasira Boi, Jonathan Izudi, Fiona Atim

“…Pearson’s chi-squared test was conducted for bivariate analysis and variables with probability values (p values) less than 5% were considered as statistically significant for multivariable analyses using Fisher’s exact test. …”
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Assessment of documentation on current patient’s medical records at Accident and Emergency Hospital of Sulaimani-Iraq by Delan Jamal Qader, Faruk Hassan Faraj

“…Research was accomplished, based on retrospective data made available by the Accident and Emergency Hospital. Non-probability (purposive sample) of 201 patient files were selected from 1,194 patient files during 6 months between Jun to December 2016.The present study showed that the face sheet was completely recorded about %95 which means satisfactory, other items which were recorded by physician such as chief complaint and history of present illness, radiology, laboratory, medication intervention report, consent forms, physical examination, and consultant report were unsatisfactorily recorded. …”
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E-Governance and Public Services in Local Governments: Study of The Taspen Smart Card Programfor Pension Fund Services in Makassar City and Pinrang Regency by Lukman Nul Hakim Amran Saputra, Nur Khaerah, Abdillah Abdillah, Nuryanti Mustari

“…The samples taken using probability sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using regression analysis technique. …”
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An Improved Grasshopper Optimizer for Global Tasks by Hanfeng Zhou, Zewei Ding, Hongxin Peng, Zitao Tang, Guoxi Liang, Huiling Chen, Chao Ma, Mingjing Wang

“…Moreover, the application of probability in this paper greatly balances the advantages of each strategy and improves the comprehensive ability of the original GOA. …”
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Experimental rearing of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) on aboriginal Siberian coniferous species by Nikita A. Smirnov, Ivan A. Kerchev

“…These indicators were compared with those obtained on P. sibirica. A high probability of further expansion of the small spruce bark beetle both westward and eastward has been established.…”
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Legitimate expectations in civil proceedings: traditional legal understanding and synergetic approach by O. H. Bortnik

“…Arguments are made in favor of the idea that the protection of legitimate expectations in terms of legal understanding and law enforcement within the natural, social concept of law and legal positivism is reduced to legal skepticism and only the probability of compliance with the requirements of legal certainty. …”
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An extreme value analysis of daily new cases of COVID-19 in Africa by Saralees Nadarajah, Adamu Abubakar Umar, Adamu Abubakar Umar

“…We evaluated the adequacy of fits through probability plots and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Subsequently, the fitted models were employed to determine quantiles of the monthly maximum of new cases, as well as their limits extrapolated to infinite month numbers.…”
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Utilisation des sécrétions de myriapodes chez les lémurs et les sapajous : fonction curative ou signalisation sociale ? by Bruno Simmen, Laurent Tarnaud

“…Handling the millipedes in itself does not automatically result in millipedes secreting benzoquinones so that when lemurs and capuchin monkeys bite the arthropods (eventually blowing the legs off), they increase the probability of repulsive liquid being oozed. Associative learning of the handling conditions required to trigger millipedes’ secretions appears very efficient given the rare and opportunistic use of these arthropods by both primate species. …”
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The impact of fruit and vegetable intake on healthcare costs and preventive care in older adults: evidence from SHARE data by S. Asieh Hosseini Tabaghdehi, Cristina Elisa Orso, Cristina Tealdi, Simona Tenaglia

“…Results Our results reveal no significant difference in hospitalization probability between individuals consuming fruits/vegetables daily versus less frequently. …”
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Assessments of Wind-Energy Potential in Selected Sites from Three Geopolitical Zones in Nigeria: Implications for Renewable/Sustainable Rural Electrification by Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi, Olayinka Soledayo Ohunakin, Elizabeth Toyin Okeniyi

“…For this, daily wind-speed data from Katsina in northern, Warri in southwestern and Calabar in southeastern Nigeria were analysed using the Gumbel and the Weibull probability distributions for assessing wind-energy potential as a renewable/sustainable solution for the country’s rural-electrification problems. …”
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Bearing Fault Classification Based on Conditional Random Field by Guofeng Wang, Xiaoliang Feng, Chang Liu

“…In this model, the feature vectors sequences and the fault categories are linked by an undirected graphical model in which their relationship is represented by a global conditional probability distribution. In comparison with the HMM, the main advantage of the CRF model is that it can depict the temporal dynamic information between the observation sequences and state sequences without assuming the independence of the input feature vectors. …”
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Multi-objective optimization of hybrid energy systems using gravitational search algorithm by Sayyed Mostafa Mahmoudi, Akbar Maleki, Dariush Rezaei Ochbelagh

“…The proposed framework addresses four objectives: minimizing the loss of power supply probability, reducing total costs, increasing renewable energy fraction, and lowering CO2 emissions. …”
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PSI Methodologies for Nuclear Data Uncertainty Propagation with CASMO-5M and MCNPX: Results for OECD/NEA UAM Benchmark Phase I by W. Wieselquist, T. Zhu, A. Vasiliev, H. Ferroukhi

“…The complementary SS technique samples uncertain inputs according to their joint probability distributions and provides a global, all-order UQ method. …”
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Limiting the development of anti-cancer drug resistance in a spatial model of micrometastases by Ami B. Shah, Katarzyna A. Rejniak, Jana L. Gevertz

“…For each of these independent scenarios, we consider one hypothetical cell line that is responsive to metronomic chemotherapy, and another that with high probability cannot be eradicated by a metronomic protocol. …”
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مقارنة بعض الطرائق التصنيف لتشخيص الاصابة بـ COVID-19 مع التطبيق by Rusul Mustafa Ismaiel, Waleed Abdullah Araheemah

“…إذ تم اخذ 2000 صورة مصابين وغير مصابين COVID-19 وتم تطبيق طريقة (BRISK،HARRIS)  Probability  density function) (PDF) ) لغرض استخلاص سمات الصورة وايجاد والحفاظ على صفات الصورة نقية واستبعاد الضوضاء. …”
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Effect of Intervention of Vaccination and Treatment on the Transmission Dynamics of HBV Disease: A Mathematical Model Analysis by Firaol Asfaw Wodajo, Temesgen Tibebu Mekonnen

“…In this model, we used force infection which takes the contact rate of susceptible population and transmission probability into account. We proved that the solution of the considered dynamical system is positive and bounded. …”
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