An integrated corporate governance index for Spain: From construction to construct validity by Paolo Saona, Laura Muro, Erika López-Quesada

“…Methods such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for index structure are used to validate the index. …”
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Uncovering Deterministic Behavior of Black Hole IGR J17091–3624: A Twin of GRS 1915+105 by Anindya Guria, Banibrata Mukhopadhyay

“…We employ several denoising techniques to mitigate noise effects, and employ methods like principal component analysis, singular value decomposition, and correlation integrals to isolate the deterministic signatures. …”
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Geochemical evolution and mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry in the transboundary Komadugu–Yobe Basin, Lake Chad region: An integrated approach of chemometric analysis an... by Abdulrahman Shuaibu, Robert M. Kalin, Vernon Phoenix, Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal

“…New hydrological insights: The findings revealed that Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ are associated with anthropogenic pollution. The Principal Component Analysis identified three main components associated with geogenic and anthropogenic processes, agricultural pollution, and mineral weathering. …”
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Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Adaptive Neuro K-Means Clustering Technique by Karan Kumar, Shweta Agrawal, Isha Suwalka, Celestine Iwendi, Cresantus N. Biamba

“…The approach integrates the Adaptive Moving Self-Organizing Map (AMSOM), a neural network technique for unsupervised training and tissue segmentation, with K-means clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for feature selection. AMSOM dynamically updates neuron weights to improve segmentation accuracy. …”
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Data-Driven Prediction Methods for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Health Based on Elbow Rule by Liu Zhang, Bo Xing, Yanbing Gao, Lei Yao, Dengfeng Zhao, Jinquan Ding, Yanyan Li

“…To eliminate data redundancy, a novel principal component analysis strategy based on the elbow optimization rule was introduced. …”
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Human migration from the Levant and Arabia into Yemen since Last Glacial Maximum by Andreas Henschel, Riyadh Saif-Ali, Molham Al-Habori, Syafiq Azman Kamarul, Luca Pagani, Cynthia Al Hageh, Emilio Porcu, Nassim Nicolas Taleb, Daniel Platt, Pierre Zalloua

“…We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context. Principal Component Analysis shows stratification between Yemen districts but also with respect to nearby populations: Yemeni, other Arabian and Bedouin samples form a continuum towards the populations of the Levant, whereas East Africa and India appear strongly differentiated. …”
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Evaluation of sustainable consumption behavior according to sociodemographic factors in Indigenous communities by Guido Ayay-Arista, Edwin Gustavo Estrada-Araoz, Judith Annie Bautista-Quispe, Manuel Augusto Mantari-Condemayta, George Jhon Cruz-Visa, Yony Abelardo Quispe-Mamani, Carlos Alberto Canelo-Dávila, José Ricardo Pujaico-Espino, José Alberto Carlos-Ramos

“…The conceptual model and hypotheses were tested by multivariate analysis and structural equation modeling, using the principal component analysis method for factor extraction. As a result, the research revealed a positive connection between pro-environmental factors and sustainable behavioral intention. …”
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road Dust in Changchun City, Northeast China: Spatial Distribution, Source Appointment, and Human Health Risk Assessment by Na Li, Qingqing Li, Fuchen Zhu, Peng Liu, Zhaowei Wang, Zhao Chen, Weizheng Han, Kaize Wang, Keyi Hou, Yanxue Xu

“…The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) analysis indicated that adults faced potential risk (>10−6) at 97.7% of the sampling sites, while children faced potential risk (>10−6) at 48.8%. The principal component analysis (PCA) model identified five potential origins of PAHs, including petroleum (22.2%), coal burning (19.1%), biomass burning (30.5%), fossil fuel burning (15.8%), and transportation (12.4%). …”
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Comprehensive analysis reveals the tumor suppressor role of macrophage signature gene FCER1G in hepatocellular carcinoma by Deyu Kong, Yiping Zhang, Linxin Jiang, Nana Long, Chengcheng Wang, Min Qiu

“…We obtained single-cell se-quencing data from seven HCC samples in the GEO database. Through principal component analysis and t-SNE dimensionality reduction, we identified 2,000 highly variable genes and per-formed clustering and annotation of 17 cell clusters, revealing 482 macrophage-related feature genes. …”
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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways of Selenium-Enriched Auricularia auricula by YUE Shibo, CUI Hang, SHEN Qin, CAO Dongmei

“…The effect of selenization on the dynamic changes of metabolic pathways and metabolites in A. auricula was investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics combined with different multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical cluster analysis. …”
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Analysis of Aroma Quality of Pearl Orchid at Different Flowering Stages and Its Scented Tea by HUANG Cuixin, KUN Jirui, LIN Yunzhi, DAI Hongwei, WENG Tianjun, LI Zhengwen, TONG Huarong

“…Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and permutation tests were performed. …”
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An Ultrafast Image Simulation Technique with Spatially Variable Point-spread Functions by Zeyu Bai, Peng Jia, Jiameng Lv, Xiang Zhang, Wennan Xiang, Lin Nie

“…Our approach first decomposes original images into PSF basis derived with the principal component analysis method. The entire image is then convolved with this PSF basis to create image basis. …”
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Effects of 60Co-γ Ray Irradiation on the Quality of Ponkan Peels by WANG Xue, PAN Zhaoping, LI Wenge, SU Zhipeng, CHEN Jiaxu, HE Shuang, FU Fuhua

“…In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the quality of ponkan peels varied with different irradiation doses, the highest overall evaluation score being observed for ponkan peels irradiated at 4 kGy. …”
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Metabolite Profiling of Sorghum Seeds of Different Colors from Different Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Using a Widely Targeted Metabolomics Approach by Yaxing Zhou, Zhenguo Wang, Yan Li, Zhigang Li, Hui Liu, Wei Zhou

“…Among them, 217 metabolites were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the seed color by clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). …”
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Machine Learning Model for Imbalanced Cholera Dataset in Tanzania by Judith Leo, Edith Luhanga, Kisangiri Michael

“…Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to the restore sampling balance and dimensional of the dataset. …”
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Characterization of duckweed and water hyacinth and their effect on the apparent digestibility in tilapia by Aroldo Botello-León, Yuniel Méndez-Martínez, Kirenia Pérez-Corría, Marcos Ortega-Ojeda, María Teresa-Viana, Charles Morán-Ribas

“…The DW and WH were used to formulate nine isoproteic (32.47%), isolipidic (5.46%) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ kg-1) diets, with three replicates and 15 male tilapia (36.36± 1.16 g) per repetition: 0% (T0); 10% (T10); 15% (T15); 20% (T20) and 25% (T25), respectively random. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Results. The crude protein (%) of the WH and the DW, were 21.72% and 27.37% (p˂0.05), respectively. …”
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Nano Silicon Modulates Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacities of Ajowan (<i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>) Under Water Deficit Condition by Zahra Sobatinasab, Mehdi Rahimmalek, Nematollah Etemadi, Antoni Szumny

“…Furthermore, correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) provide new insights into the production of ajowan from their substrates under nano silicon treatment and water deficit conditions. …”
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Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription in Naolingsu Capsule Based on Combinative Method of Fingerprint, Quantitative Determination, and Chemometrics by Lili Xu, Yang Jiao, Weiliang Cui, Bing Wang, Dongxiao Guo, Fei Xue, Xiangrong Mu, Huifen Li, Yongqiang Lin, Huibin Lin

“…The quantitative determination was approved for linearity, discovery limits, accuracy, repeatability, soundness, and precision. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models accomplished the great classification of the samples from the five enterprises, respectively. …”
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Genetic Variation for Wild Populations of the Rare and Endangered Plant <i>Glyptostrobus pensilis</i> Based on Double-Digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing by Yongrong Huang, Yu Li, Xiaojie Hong, Suzhen Luo, Dedan Cai, Xiangxi Xiao, Yunpeng Huang, Yushan Zheng

“…When <i>K</i> = 4, the coefficient of variation (CV) error value was minimized, suggesting that the 137 individuals could be divided into four groups, with frequent gene flow between them. Principal component analysis (PCA) divided the seven populations into two major categories based on their north–south geographic location. …”
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Genetic Variation of New Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes in Indonesia by Multivariate Analysis by Debby Ustari, Arif Affan Wicaksono, Vergel Concibido, Tarkus Suganda, Dedi Ruswandi, null Ruminta, Agung Karuniawan

“…Agronomic traits data were analyzed by the multivariate analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed high genetic variation of PFSP in four environments. …”
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