The impact of the Lesotho health reform in the re-structuring of the village health workers program by Afom T. Andom, Hannah N. Gilbert, Courtney M. Yuen, Mapoho Mokoroane, Melino Ndayizigiye, Mpopo Tsoele, Masebeo Koto, Retsepile Tlali, Makena Ratsiu, Joia S. Mukherjee

“…The 2014 Lesotho health reform restructured the VHW program to compensate, professionalize, and integrate VHWs into primary care services. We sought to document the ways in which the VHW program changed as a result of the health reform and the perceived impact of those changes. …”
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Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses by Sarah E Lamb, Shona Kirtley, Beth Fordham, Thavapriya Sugavanam, Sally Hopewell, Karla Hemming, Jeremy Howick, Roshan das Nair, Julia Hamer-Hunt

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Social Inequalities in Adolescents’ Psychological and Somatic Complaints: Cross-National Trends Between 2002 and 2022 and the Role of Societal Changes by Mathilde E. Brons, Paola Berchialla, Marco Helbich, Maxim Dierckens, Michela Lenzi, Joanna C. Inchley, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens

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Examining different measures of multimorbidity, using a large prospective cross-sectional study in Australian general practice by Christopher Harrison, Helena Britt, Graeme Miller, Joan Henderson

“…This study examines the independent effects on prevalence estimates of how ‘disease entity’ is defined—as a single chronic condition or chapters/domains in the International Classification of Primary Care (V.2; ICPC-2), International Classification of Disease (10th revision; ICD-10) or the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), the number of disease entities required for multimorbidity, and the number of chronic conditions studied.Design National prospective cross-sectional study.Setting Australian general practice.Participants 8707 random consenting deidentified patient encounters with 290 randomly selected general practitioners.Main outcome measures Prevalence estimates of multimorbidity using different definitions.Results Data classified to ICPC-2 chapters, ICD-10 chapters or CIRS domains produce similar multimorbidity prevalence estimates. …”
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Emergency care utilization by refugee children compared to controls: A statewide database analysis. by Anna H Abrams, Jan Leonard, Sarah E Brewer, Janine Young, Kathleen M Adelgais

“…Limited access to sustained primary care may lead to increased emergency department (ED) utilization and little is known regarding how refugee children access emergency care.…”
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Obesity, Metabolic Health, and Diabetic Complications in People With Type 1 Diabetes by Yuanjie Mao, Jen‐Tzer Gau, Ning Jiang

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Cost–consequence analysis of COPD treatment according to NICE and GOLD recommendations compared with current clinical practice in the UK by Jennifer K Quint, Helene Vioix, Toby Capstick, Sue Langham, Jennifer Cook, Antony Wright, Shamika de Silva

“…Objectives The objective of this study was to model the clinical and economic impact of adapting current clinical practice in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to treatment according to national and international guideline recommendations.Design Treatment mapping was undertaken to hypothetically redistribute patients from current clinical practice, representing actual prescribing patterns in the UK, to an alternative recommendation-based treatment scenario, representing prescribing in accordance with either National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance [NG115] or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020 strategy.Setting Primary care practices in the UK (1-year time horizon).Participants Adults with COPD undergoing long-acting inhaler maintenance therapy in the UK (N=1 067,531).Interventions Inhaler maintenance therapy.Outcome measures Costs and clinical outcomes (type of treatment, rates of moderate and/or severe exacerbations, and mild-to-moderate and/or severe pneumonia events) were modelled for the two alternative pathways.Results Compared with current clinical practice, treating patients according to NICE guidance resulted in an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of £46.9 million, and an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of over £43.7 million when patients were treated according to GOLD 2020 strategy. …”
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‘I can’t understand why others don’t screen more’: a qualitative study exploring why Australian general practitioners screen for primary aldosteronism by Sanne Peters, Jun Yang, Grant Russell, Abhir Krishan Nainani

“…Most of these practical barriers could be addressed by relatively simple educational and practice modifications to increase PA screening rates and optimise detection for the most common cause of secondary hypertension in primary care.…”
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Diagnosis of Splenic Lymphoma by Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Umar Darr, Zubair Khan, Muhammad Ali Khan, Anas Renno, Turki Alkully, Sehrish Kamal, Tariq Hammad, Yaseen Alastal, Muhammad Imran Khan, Ali Nawras

“…Case Report. 58-year-old female presented to her primary care physician for left upper quadrant abdominal pain for one week. …”
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Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of Empirical vitamin D therapy on unintentional falls in older adults in the UK by J Smith, J S Davies, C D Poole

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Benefits of realist evaluation for rapidly changing health service delivery by Paula Kersten, Margaret Cupples, Rachel Thomas, Fiona Cramp, Nicola E Walsh, Justin Jagosh, Hannah Stott, Serena Halls, Cathy Liddiard, Dave Foster

“…Reflecting on a realist evaluation of first-contact physiotherapy in primary care (the FRONTIER Study), five important considerations are described for improving the quality of realist evaluation outputs when studying rapidly changing health service delivery. …”
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Implementing a Reminder System in the Northern Part of Belgium to Stimulate Postpartum Screening for Glucose Intolerance in Women with Gestational Diabetes: The “Sweet Pregnancy” P... by Katrien Benhalima, Sabine Verstraete, Frederik Muylle, Katelijn Decochez, Roland Devlieger, Paul Van Crombrugge, Ann Verhaegen, Johan Wens, Chantal Mathieu

“…Registrants receive yearly reminders to have a fasting plasma glucose test in primary care to timely detect prediabetes. Results. After 6 years, 7269 women were registered. …”
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Investigation of the use of a sensor bracelet for the presymptomatic detection of changes in physiological parameters related to COVID-19: an interim analysis of a prospective coho... by Stefanie Aeschbacher, David Conen, Diederick E Grobbee, Raphael Twerenbold, Thomas Lung, Theo Rispens, Jakob Kjellberg, Lorenz Risch, Martin Risch, Marianna Mitratza, Harald Renz, Spiros Denaxas, Billy Franks, Diederick Grobbee, Martina Rothenbühler, Janneke Wijgert, Santiago Montes, Richard Dobson, Hans Reitsma, Christian Simon, Titia Leurink, Charisma Hehakaya, Patricia Bruijning, Kirsten Grossmann, Ornella C Weideli, Marc Kovac, Fiona Pereira, Nadia Wohlwend, Corina Risch, Dorothea Hillmann, Daniel Leibovitz, Vladimir Kovacevic, Andjela Markovic, Paul Klaver, Timo B Brakenhoff, George S Downward, Ariel Dowling, Maureen Cronin, Brianna M Goodale, Brianna Goodale, Ornella Weideli, Regien Stokman, Hans Van Dijk, Eric Houtman, Jon Bouwman, Kay Hage, Lotte Smets, Marcel van Willigen, Maui Chodura, Niki de Vink, Tessa Heikamp, Timo Brakenhoff, Wendy van Scherpenzeel, Wout Aarts, Alison Kuchta, Antonella Chiucchiuini, Steve Emby, Annemarijn Douwes, George Downward, Nathalie Vigot, Pieter Stolk, Duco Veen, Daniel Oberski, Amos Folarin, Pablo Fernandez Medina, Eskild Fredslund

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Chronic Pain in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Study Examining Patient Characteristics and Reasons for Presentations by Patricia A. Poulin, Jennifer Nelli, Steven Tremblay, Rebecca Small, Myka B. Caluyong, Jeffrey Freeman, Heather Romanow, Yehudis Stokes, Tia Carpino, Amanda Carson, Yaadwinder Shergill, Ian G. Stiell, Monica Taljaard, Howard Nathan, Catherine E. Smyth

“…Although most participants had a primary care physician, the ED was seen as the only or best option when pain became unmanageable. …”
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How and why do financial incentives contribute to helping people stop smoking? A realist review protocol by Sarah Parker, Rikke Siersbaek, John Alexander Ford, Sara Burke, Paul Kavanagh

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The Association of Health Literacy with High-Quality Home Blood Pressure Monitoring for Hypertensive Patients in Outpatient Settings by Sau Nga Fu, Man Chi Dao, Carlos King Ho Wong, Bernard Man Yung Cheung

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From one size fits all to a tailored approach: integrating precision medicine into medical education by Lana Sbitan, Noor Alzraikat, Haneen Tanous, Abdelrahman M. Saad, Mohanad Odeh

“…The strongest association was reported between knowledge score and primary care setting followed by age (φc = 0.27 and 0.29, respectively). …”
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Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors Among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) In Mogadishu Cross-Sectional Study by Sh Abukar IM, Asir Rage AA, Warsame MO

“…The lack of mental health integration into primary care requires urgent intervention for enhanced services in the Horn of Africa. …”
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Paediatric Contacts of Adult COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Parameters, Risk Factors, and Outcome by Ammara Farooq, Taimur Khalil Sheikh, Fibhaa Syed, Tehmina Mustafa

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A specific role of village doctors in reducing disparities: a quantile regression analysis of end-of-life medical care by Yuan Fang, Shih-Ting Huang, Chengrui Xiao

“…Since the 1960s, China has established the village doctors’ system to provide preventive and primary care to improve rural residents’ health. Nevertheless, how village doctors affect the medical spending and the end-of-life (EOL) quality for older people in rural China has not received sufficient attention. …”
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